N. Carsono, Reisyi R. Tambunan, S. Sari, N. Wicaksana
Abstract Gene pyramiding has been developed for effective resistant genes, such as bacterial blight resistance genes. However, in this report, pyramiding for multiple traits is presented. We evaluated 28 pyramided rice lines derived from 7 hybridizations of valuable parents for high yield potential, early maturity, aroma, high grain quality, and resistance to brown planthopper using both simple-sequence repeat markers and phenotypic markers. Pyramided rice genotypes were evaluated with RM282 molecular marker linked to GW3 gene associated with grain weight, RM259 (number of panicles), RM3600 (length of panicles), RM3701 (short panicles), RM19414 (Hd3), RM7601 (Hd2), RM190, and SSIIa (waxy), IFAP and ESP (aroma), RM586 (Bph3 and Bph4), and RM8213 (Qpbh4 and Bph17(t)). Eight genotypes (i.e., #9, #15, #16, #22, #25, #26, #27, and #28) were confirmed to have desired genes associated with multiple important traits based on molecular markers and morpho-agronomic traits. A strong correlation was found between RM19414 and heading date, between specific markers for aroma and sensory test. Meanwhile, a weak correlation was found between RM259 with panicle number, RM586, and RM8213 with trichome density. As presented in this study, gene pyramiding promises a new hope to combine multiple traits in rice breeding. Promising rice lines will be incorporated in the multiple traits breeding program.
{"title":"Molecular and phenotypic markers for pyramiding multiple traits in rice","authors":"N. Carsono, Reisyi R. Tambunan, S. Sari, N. Wicaksana","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0187","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gene pyramiding has been developed for effective resistant genes, such as bacterial blight resistance genes. However, in this report, pyramiding for multiple traits is presented. We evaluated 28 pyramided rice lines derived from 7 hybridizations of valuable parents for high yield potential, early maturity, aroma, high grain quality, and resistance to brown planthopper using both simple-sequence repeat markers and phenotypic markers. Pyramided rice genotypes were evaluated with RM282 molecular marker linked to GW3 gene associated with grain weight, RM259 (number of panicles), RM3600 (length of panicles), RM3701 (short panicles), RM19414 (Hd3), RM7601 (Hd2), RM190, and SSIIa (waxy), IFAP and ESP (aroma), RM586 (Bph3 and Bph4), and RM8213 (Qpbh4 and Bph17(t)). Eight genotypes (i.e., #9, #15, #16, #22, #25, #26, #27, and #28) were confirmed to have desired genes associated with multiple important traits based on molecular markers and morpho-agronomic traits. A strong correlation was found between RM19414 and heading date, between specific markers for aroma and sensory test. Meanwhile, a weak correlation was found between RM259 with panicle number, RM586, and RM8213 with trichome density. As presented in this study, gene pyramiding promises a new hope to combine multiple traits in rice breeding. Promising rice lines will be incorporated in the multiple traits breeding program.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44359184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
André Oliveira, Ana Mendes, Jorge Lameiras, Pedro Mendes-Moreira, Goreti Botelho
Abstract The consumption of fruits and vegetables has been considered very important for human health. This research aimed to study consumption habits of fruits and vegetables from organic farming (OFV) within a convenience sample of Portuguese adults, including reasons for consumption, most valued mode of production sources, frequency of use, knowledge about characteristics and benefits, and information sources. An online questionnaire containing 30 questions was originally developed and shared on social networks and 300 questionnaires were obtained. The organic vegetables identified as the most consumed were lettuce (93.5%), potato (92%), and tomato (92%); the most consumed organic fruits were orange (83%), lemon (82%), and strawberry (82%). The strongest motivations to consume OFV include environmental benefits (57%) and health benefits (94%), namely the prevention of high total cholesterol (71%), the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (69%), and obesity prevention (68%). Regarding the level of information about the nutritional and chemical properties of OFV, 86% of the respondents consider themselves informed people. Meanwhile, there still are 33% of the respondents revealing no concern about the farming practices. As so, there is an opportunity to increase literacy about these products, to raise awareness about the benefits of organic products, and to promote higher consumption of OFV products, supported in the arguments of perceived positive impact of organic agriculture on ecosystems and human health.
{"title":"Consumption profile of organic fruits and vegetables by a Portuguese consumer’s sample","authors":"André Oliveira, Ana Mendes, Jorge Lameiras, Pedro Mendes-Moreira, Goreti Botelho","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0217","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The consumption of fruits and vegetables has been considered very important for human health. This research aimed to study consumption habits of fruits and vegetables from organic farming (OFV) within a convenience sample of Portuguese adults, including reasons for consumption, most valued mode of production sources, frequency of use, knowledge about characteristics and benefits, and information sources. An online questionnaire containing 30 questions was originally developed and shared on social networks and 300 questionnaires were obtained. The organic vegetables identified as the most consumed were lettuce (93.5%), potato (92%), and tomato (92%); the most consumed organic fruits were orange (83%), lemon (82%), and strawberry (82%). The strongest motivations to consume OFV include environmental benefits (57%) and health benefits (94%), namely the prevention of high total cholesterol (71%), the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (69%), and obesity prevention (68%). Regarding the level of information about the nutritional and chemical properties of OFV, 86% of the respondents consider themselves informed people. Meanwhile, there still are 33% of the respondents revealing no concern about the farming practices. As so, there is an opportunity to increase literacy about these products, to raise awareness about the benefits of organic products, and to promote higher consumption of OFV products, supported in the arguments of perceived positive impact of organic agriculture on ecosystems and human health.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135600705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eni Siti Rohaeni, Arif Dwi Santoso, Ening Ariningsih, Neni Widaningsih, Lintje Hutahaean, Dwi Priyanto, Nyak Ilham, Suharyon Suharyon, Herdis Herdis, Yeni Widiawati, Maureen Chrisye Hadiatry, Sara Sorayya Ermuna, Maesti Mardiharini, Dedi Sugandi, Bachtar Bakrie, Wasito Wasito
Abstract The swamp buffalo is a valuable genetic resource and an important source of animal protein in Indonesia. Unfortunately, their population is decreasing due to problems attributed to conventional farming systems. The objective of the study was to examine the sustainability of swamp buffalo farming and identify the attributes that influence its sustainability. Data were collected through a focus group discussion involving experts and business actors in swamp buffalo farming and a survey on buffalo farmers. The study examined 52 attributes within 6 dimensions: ecological, economic, social, technological, institutional, and welfare dimensions. The data were analysed using multidimensional scaling through the Rapid Appraisal for Swamp Buffalo technique. The results of the study demonstrate that swamp buffalo farming in Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU), Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS), and Hulu Sungai Tengah (HST) districts in South Kalimantan province has sustainability indices of 51.70, 53.13, and 48.87%, respectively. This study identified 12 leverage attributes that are very influential to the sustainability of swamp buffalo farming, i.e., climatic conditions, land suitability, marketing, income from swamp buffalo farming, mutual assistance, education level, processing technology, reproduction technology, the role of local government, capital institutions, programs from central government, and farmers’ welfare. Swamp buffalo farming in HSU and HSS is moderately sustainable, while in HST, it is less sustainable, suggesting improvement in the key factors influencing the sustainability of swamp buffalo farming. This study offers valuable insights for the government in formulating policies and programs for developing swamp buffalo farming and conserving swamp buffalo germplasm.
沼泽水牛是印度尼西亚宝贵的遗传资源和重要的动物蛋白来源。不幸的是，由于传统农业系统的问题，它们的人口正在减少。该研究的目的是检查沼泽水牛养殖的可持续性，并确定影响其可持续性的属性。通过沼泽水牛养殖专家和商业行为者参加的焦点小组讨论和对水牛农民的调查收集了数据。该研究考察了6个维度中的52个属性:生态、经济、社会、技术、制度和福利维度。通过沼泽水牛快速评价技术，采用多维尺度对数据进行分析。研究结果表明，南加里曼丹省Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU)、Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS)和Hulu Sungai Tengah (HST)地区的沼泽水牛养殖可持续性指数分别为51.70、53.13和48.87%。本研究确定了对沼泽水牛养殖可持续性影响较大的12个杠杆属性，即气候条件、土地适宜性、市场营销、沼泽水牛养殖收入、互助性、教育水平、加工技术、再生产技术、地方政府作用、资本机构、中央政府项目和农民福利。高露江流域和高露江流域的沼泽水牛养殖具有中等可持续性，高露江流域的沼泽水牛养殖具有较低的可持续性，表明影响沼泽水牛养殖可持续性的关键因素有所改善。该研究为政府制定沼泽水牛养殖发展政策和保护沼泽水牛种质资源提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Analysing the sustainability of swamp buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis carabauesis</i>) farming as a protein source and germplasm","authors":"Eni Siti Rohaeni, Arif Dwi Santoso, Ening Ariningsih, Neni Widaningsih, Lintje Hutahaean, Dwi Priyanto, Nyak Ilham, Suharyon Suharyon, Herdis Herdis, Yeni Widiawati, Maureen Chrisye Hadiatry, Sara Sorayya Ermuna, Maesti Mardiharini, Dedi Sugandi, Bachtar Bakrie, Wasito Wasito","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0224","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The swamp buffalo is a valuable genetic resource and an important source of animal protein in Indonesia. Unfortunately, their population is decreasing due to problems attributed to conventional farming systems. The objective of the study was to examine the sustainability of swamp buffalo farming and identify the attributes that influence its sustainability. Data were collected through a focus group discussion involving experts and business actors in swamp buffalo farming and a survey on buffalo farmers. The study examined 52 attributes within 6 dimensions: ecological, economic, social, technological, institutional, and welfare dimensions. The data were analysed using multidimensional scaling through the Rapid Appraisal for Swamp Buffalo technique. The results of the study demonstrate that swamp buffalo farming in Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU), Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS), and Hulu Sungai Tengah (HST) districts in South Kalimantan province has sustainability indices of 51.70, 53.13, and 48.87%, respectively. This study identified 12 leverage attributes that are very influential to the sustainability of swamp buffalo farming, i.e., climatic conditions, land suitability, marketing, income from swamp buffalo farming, mutual assistance, education level, processing technology, reproduction technology, the role of local government, capital institutions, programs from central government, and farmers’ welfare. Swamp buffalo farming in HSU and HSS is moderately sustainable, while in HST, it is less sustainable, suggesting improvement in the key factors influencing the sustainability of swamp buffalo farming. This study offers valuable insights for the government in formulating policies and programs for developing swamp buffalo farming and conserving swamp buffalo germplasm.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135594685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nyangaresi M. Annette, Tsegaye Makeda, Moyo Mukani, Muzhingi Tawanda
Abstract Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), a promising crop for alleviating vitamin A deficiency (VAD), can be utilized at home and in commercial food processing as a basic and functional ingredient. The root can be processed into puree that is incorporated in baked and fried products and other products, with a high acceptability rate. When used as a wheat substitute in a bakery, the OFSP puree significantly cuts the production cost. In the last few years and with the intensified promotion of OFSP and OFSP puree products as a sustainable food-based strategy to tackling VAD at the population level, many small-medium food enterprises (SMEs) in the Eastern Africa Region (EAR) have shown great interest in utilizing the OFSP puree in their commercial product lines. However, the OFSP and OFSP puree value chain for commercial usage is still underdeveloped poising raw material supply challenges. In addition, the SMEs are early-stage businesses lacking the capacity and proper business models to propel them to sustainably venture into OFSP processing. As such, there is a need to engage and support SMEs in tailoring business models suitable for their scaling needs along the OFSP value chain to make available in the market, affordable nutrient-dense OFSP-puree products. This article presents the approach that was used to offer tailored Business Development Services (BDS) for selected SMEs in EAR to scale up their capacity to commercialize OFSP puree and puree-based products. The BDS designed and supported six integrated modules: business profile development, business model canvas, understanding the numbers/finances, OFSP value chain analysis, SWOT analysis, and growth plan, to develop and document individual business capacities and aspirations. The SMEs identified numerous opportunities and entry points for OFSP value chain development and expansion through the BDS depending on their business needs.
{"title":"Tailoring business models for small-medium food enterprises in Eastern Africa can drive the commercialization and utilization of vitamin A rich orange-fleshed sweet potato puree","authors":"Nyangaresi M. Annette, Tsegaye Makeda, Moyo Mukani, Muzhingi Tawanda","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0168","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), a promising crop for alleviating vitamin A deficiency (VAD), can be utilized at home and in commercial food processing as a basic and functional ingredient. The root can be processed into puree that is incorporated in baked and fried products and other products, with a high acceptability rate. When used as a wheat substitute in a bakery, the OFSP puree significantly cuts the production cost. In the last few years and with the intensified promotion of OFSP and OFSP puree products as a sustainable food-based strategy to tackling VAD at the population level, many small-medium food enterprises (SMEs) in the Eastern Africa Region (EAR) have shown great interest in utilizing the OFSP puree in their commercial product lines. However, the OFSP and OFSP puree value chain for commercial usage is still underdeveloped poising raw material supply challenges. In addition, the SMEs are early-stage businesses lacking the capacity and proper business models to propel them to sustainably venture into OFSP processing. As such, there is a need to engage and support SMEs in tailoring business models suitable for their scaling needs along the OFSP value chain to make available in the market, affordable nutrient-dense OFSP-puree products. This article presents the approach that was used to offer tailored Business Development Services (BDS) for selected SMEs in EAR to scale up their capacity to commercialize OFSP puree and puree-based products. The BDS designed and supported six integrated modules: business profile development, business model canvas, understanding the numbers/finances, OFSP value chain analysis, SWOT analysis, and growth plan, to develop and document individual business capacities and aspirations. The SMEs identified numerous opportunities and entry points for OFSP value chain development and expansion through the BDS depending on their business needs.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45149528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Espinoza-Silva, Erika Pascual, Yacnehs Delgadillo, Omar R. Flores, Luis M. Artica, Doris Marmolejo, Lilian Baños-Medina
Abstract The aim of this study was to extract and quantify cannabinoids from female inflorescences of Cannabis sativa L. from three altitudinal floors of Peru, by optimizing the amplitude, time, and methanol concentration in the ultrasound-assisted extraction required to maximize cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) content, and yields. Optimal extraction conditions were determined by response surface and the central composite design was used. The quadratic model was adequate for yield, Δ9-THC, and CBD with R 2 values of 0.998, 0.985, and 0.991 respectively. Optimal conditions were 99% radiation amplitude, 20 min extraction time, and 96% ethanol concentration. The optimized extract of C. sativa L. inflorescences had a yield of 24.12%, 0.62% CBD, and 5.973% THC. The content of cannabinoids studied in the Junín Region at altitudes between 2,070 and 3,274 m above sea level (m asl) had a CBD content between 0.1 and 0.4%, THC between 2.2 and 6%, and yield of 10–24%; in the Ayacucho region at an altitude of 2,627 m asl the CBD content was between 0.62 and 0.65%, THC was 6.21–6.72%, and yield of 23.8–24%; and in the Huánuco region at altitude of 660–711 m asl it had a CBD content between 0.55 and 0.65%, THC from 8.11 to 8.92%, and yield from 24.3 to 29.7%. It was concluded from the present work that the parameters such as amplitude, time, and solvent directly influence the extraction yield, in the same way the altitude influences the content of cannabinoids, being lower yields at higher planting altitude.
{"title":"Optimization of extraction using surface response methodology and quantification of cannabinoids in female inflorescences of marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) at three altitudinal floors of Peru","authors":"Clara Espinoza-Silva, Erika Pascual, Yacnehs Delgadillo, Omar R. Flores, Luis M. Artica, Doris Marmolejo, Lilian Baños-Medina","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0186","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to extract and quantify cannabinoids from female inflorescences of Cannabis sativa L. from three altitudinal floors of Peru, by optimizing the amplitude, time, and methanol concentration in the ultrasound-assisted extraction required to maximize cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) content, and yields. Optimal extraction conditions were determined by response surface and the central composite design was used. The quadratic model was adequate for yield, Δ9-THC, and CBD with R 2 values of 0.998, 0.985, and 0.991 respectively. Optimal conditions were 99% radiation amplitude, 20 min extraction time, and 96% ethanol concentration. The optimized extract of C. sativa L. inflorescences had a yield of 24.12%, 0.62% CBD, and 5.973% THC. The content of cannabinoids studied in the Junín Region at altitudes between 2,070 and 3,274 m above sea level (m asl) had a CBD content between 0.1 and 0.4%, THC between 2.2 and 6%, and yield of 10–24%; in the Ayacucho region at an altitude of 2,627 m asl the CBD content was between 0.62 and 0.65%, THC was 6.21–6.72%, and yield of 23.8–24%; and in the Huánuco region at altitude of 660–711 m asl it had a CBD content between 0.55 and 0.65%, THC from 8.11 to 8.92%, and yield from 24.3 to 29.7%. It was concluded from the present work that the parameters such as amplitude, time, and solvent directly influence the extraction yield, in the same way the altitude influences the content of cannabinoids, being lower yields at higher planting altitude.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Widaningsih, B. Hartono, H. Utami, E. Rohaeni, E. Gunawan
Abstract The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabauesis) sustainability indicators and to examine the relationship between these. The research was conducted in the central area for the development of swamp buffalo in South Kalimantan, namely, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, in July 2022 with the participation of 145 farmers, who were identified using the multistage sampling method. There were 53 indicators with 9 latent variables, statistically modelled using the partial least squares structural equation modelling method, with evaluation of the outer and inner models. The results show that the information system and economy had a significant effect on human resources (HR), which in turn had a significant effect on the financial and business sustainability of swamp buffalo. The influence of information systems on resources was positive, while economic indicators had a negative influence. HR had a positive relationship with the financial and business sustainability of swamp buffalo. The sustainability indicators in swamp buffalo farming are complex and vary from region to region. Based on the study results, it is expected that the government as policymakers, especially the government of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan, pay special attention to the aspects of information systems, the economy, HR, and the financial and business sustainability of swamp buffalo, while also considering other indicators such as ecological, sociocultural, technological, and institutional ones.
摘要本研究的目的是分析沼泽水牛（Bubalus bubalis carabauesis）可持续性指标的影响，并检验它们之间的关系。这项研究于2022年7月在南加里曼丹沼泽水牛发展的中心地区，即Hulu Sungai Utara Regency进行，145名农民参与了研究，他们是使用多级抽样方法确定的。共有53个指标，包含9个潜在变量，使用偏最小二乘结构方程建模方法进行统计建模，并对外部和内部模型进行评估。结果表明，信息系统和经济对人力资源（HR）有显著影响，而人力资源又对沼泽水牛的财务和业务可持续性有显著影响。信息系统对资源的影响是积极的，而经济指标则有负面影响。人力资源与沼泽水牛的财务和业务可持续性呈正相关。沼泽水牛养殖的可持续性指标很复杂，并且因地区而异。根据研究结果，预计政府作为决策者，特别是南加里曼丹Hulu Sungai Utara Regency政府，将特别关注沼泽水牛的信息系统、经济、人力资源以及财务和商业可持续性等方面，同时考虑生态、社会文化、技术、，以及体制性的。
{"title":"Indicators of swamp buffalo business sustainability using partial least squares structural equation modelling","authors":"N. Widaningsih, B. Hartono, H. Utami, E. Rohaeni, E. Gunawan","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0216","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabauesis) sustainability indicators and to examine the relationship between these. The research was conducted in the central area for the development of swamp buffalo in South Kalimantan, namely, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, in July 2022 with the participation of 145 farmers, who were identified using the multistage sampling method. There were 53 indicators with 9 latent variables, statistically modelled using the partial least squares structural equation modelling method, with evaluation of the outer and inner models. The results show that the information system and economy had a significant effect on human resources (HR), which in turn had a significant effect on the financial and business sustainability of swamp buffalo. The influence of information systems on resources was positive, while economic indicators had a negative influence. HR had a positive relationship with the financial and business sustainability of swamp buffalo. The sustainability indicators in swamp buffalo farming are complex and vary from region to region. Based on the study results, it is expected that the government as policymakers, especially the government of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan, pay special attention to the aspects of information systems, the economy, HR, and the financial and business sustainability of swamp buffalo, while also considering other indicators such as ecological, sociocultural, technological, and institutional ones.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43612507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Cunha, Maria Lúcia Pato, E. Kastenholz, C. Barroco
Abstract Wine tourism (WT) is an important area of special-interest tourism in Portugal, and represents an increasingly significant component of regional development. In a more conservative approach, WT has been described as visiting vineyards, wineries, and engaging in wine-related activities. However, this perspective has been broadened, taking advantage of all the potential of the specific destination’s terroir (nature/landscape, tangible and intangible cultural heritage, etc.). Wine routes make the connection between wine and tourism in a specific region and intend to boost wine tourism by promoting collaboration between different stakeholders. Different routes present distinct approaches to WT, within diverse regional contexts, and different ways of collaboration within the wine route. This study compares three wine routes at different stages of development, located in a rural periphery – in the central region of Portugal – Bairrada, Dão, and Beira Interior, considering both context data and information collected in 113 interviews conducted with diverse wine tourism agents from these routes. Besides a brief characterization of the three routes, the main results indicate supplier’s preference for terroir routes instead of wine routes and show the importance of gender, age, and education level for the collaborative work between stakeholders. These aspects and their contribution to the development of WT routes are discussed. Some questions that additional studies may help answering are also reflected.
{"title":"Comparison of three wine routes’ realities in Central Portugal","authors":"Diana Cunha, Maria Lúcia Pato, E. Kastenholz, C. Barroco","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wine tourism (WT) is an important area of special-interest tourism in Portugal, and represents an increasingly significant component of regional development. In a more conservative approach, WT has been described as visiting vineyards, wineries, and engaging in wine-related activities. However, this perspective has been broadened, taking advantage of all the potential of the specific destination’s terroir (nature/landscape, tangible and intangible cultural heritage, etc.). Wine routes make the connection between wine and tourism in a specific region and intend to boost wine tourism by promoting collaboration between different stakeholders. Different routes present distinct approaches to WT, within diverse regional contexts, and different ways of collaboration within the wine route. This study compares three wine routes at different stages of development, located in a rural periphery – in the central region of Portugal – Bairrada, Dão, and Beira Interior, considering both context data and information collected in 113 interviews conducted with diverse wine tourism agents from these routes. Besides a brief characterization of the three routes, the main results indicate supplier’s preference for terroir routes instead of wine routes and show the importance of gender, age, and education level for the collaborative work between stakeholders. These aspects and their contribution to the development of WT routes are discussed. Some questions that additional studies may help answering are also reflected.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46385530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Identity has become a fascinating object of exploration in various aspects of life and work, including farming. Many studies have examined the extent to which farmers reconstruct their identities, and only a limited number have evaluated the forms of negotiation from a communication perspective. Therefore, herein, we addressed this gap by analysing the identity challenges experienced by farmers in the agricultural era 4.0. A comprehensive farmer identity negotiation model was developed by conducting a multi-case study involving millennial and Generation X farmers from different regions in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 farmers who have embraced Agriculture 4.0 across five regencies in Indonesia. The results showed that farmer identity is maintained and built through various processes, including education, outreach, affiliation, and social networking. Farmer identity negotiation also involves self-preparedness, such as developing communication competence and receiving environmental support through social connections, media, and access to information. The process of farmer identity negotiation ultimately leads to the affirmation of identity, manifesting in changes in social roles, lifestyle changes, and improved farming quality. The advent of Agriculture Revolution 4.0 has necessitated the availability of innovative information, provided access to information and communication technology, and spaces for farmer communities to improve their farming competence.
{"title":"How intergenerational farmers negotiate their identity in the era of Agriculture 4.0: A multiple-case study in Indonesia","authors":"E. Widiyanti, R. Karsidi, M. Wijaya, P. Utari","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Identity has become a fascinating object of exploration in various aspects of life and work, including farming. Many studies have examined the extent to which farmers reconstruct their identities, and only a limited number have evaluated the forms of negotiation from a communication perspective. Therefore, herein, we addressed this gap by analysing the identity challenges experienced by farmers in the agricultural era 4.0. A comprehensive farmer identity negotiation model was developed by conducting a multi-case study involving millennial and Generation X farmers from different regions in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 farmers who have embraced Agriculture 4.0 across five regencies in Indonesia. The results showed that farmer identity is maintained and built through various processes, including education, outreach, affiliation, and social networking. Farmer identity negotiation also involves self-preparedness, such as developing communication competence and receiving environmental support through social connections, media, and access to information. The process of farmer identity negotiation ultimately leads to the affirmation of identity, manifesting in changes in social roles, lifestyle changes, and improved farming quality. The advent of Agriculture Revolution 4.0 has necessitated the availability of innovative information, provided access to information and communication technology, and spaces for farmer communities to improve their farming competence.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Raharjo, M. Z. Zaman, D. Praseptiangga, A. Yunus
Abstract The bark of Hopea beccariana Burck is used to prevent damage to coconut sap. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of various extracts of the bark of H. beccariana Burck as potential natural preservatives for coconut sap. The bark was extracted by maceration method for 24 h assisted by stirring using ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, and water at 60°C as solvent. The type of solvent used for extraction had a significant effect on the yield, total phenolic, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, toxicity, and diameter of the inhibition zone against Lactobacillus plantarum. The highest yield was found in methanol extract at 22.34%, the highest total phenolic content was found in ethanol extract of 53.39 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, and the highest total flavonoid content was found in the aqueous extract at 60°C of 106.70 mg QE/g extract; all extracts have an IC50 value of 80.28–91.80 ppm (very strong antioxidant) and ascorbic acid of 5.78 ppm. Methanol extract is classified as very toxic with an LC50 of 38.21 ppm. The dominant compounds produced by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer were hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; ethyl oleate; 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, ethyl ester; and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester. The diameter of the inhibition zone for Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 13.50–14.72 mm, L. plantarum was 10.31–17.72 mm, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides was 13.25–18.06 mm. All extracts had minimum inhibitory concentration values of 2.5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration values of 2.5 mg/mL for n-hexane extract and 60°C water, while ethanol and methanol extracts had MBC values >50 mg/mL.
{"title":"Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of various stem bark extracts of Hopea beccariana Burck potential as natural preservatives of coconut sap","authors":"D. Raharjo, M. Z. Zaman, D. Praseptiangga, A. Yunus","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0175","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The bark of Hopea beccariana Burck is used to prevent damage to coconut sap. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of various extracts of the bark of H. beccariana Burck as potential natural preservatives for coconut sap. The bark was extracted by maceration method for 24 h assisted by stirring using ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, and water at 60°C as solvent. The type of solvent used for extraction had a significant effect on the yield, total phenolic, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, toxicity, and diameter of the inhibition zone against Lactobacillus plantarum. The highest yield was found in methanol extract at 22.34%, the highest total phenolic content was found in ethanol extract of 53.39 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, and the highest total flavonoid content was found in the aqueous extract at 60°C of 106.70 mg QE/g extract; all extracts have an IC50 value of 80.28–91.80 ppm (very strong antioxidant) and ascorbic acid of 5.78 ppm. Methanol extract is classified as very toxic with an LC50 of 38.21 ppm. The dominant compounds produced by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer were hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; ethyl oleate; 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, ethyl ester; and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester. The diameter of the inhibition zone for Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 13.50–14.72 mm, L. plantarum was 10.31–17.72 mm, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides was 13.25–18.06 mm. All extracts had minimum inhibitory concentration values of 2.5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration values of 2.5 mg/mL for n-hexane extract and 60°C water, while ethanol and methanol extracts had MBC values >50 mg/mL.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48779982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Grazing exclusion (GE) is a useful management technique for restoring degraded grasslands. The herbage mass productivity and chemical makeup in the grazing-excluded subtropical grassland environment has, however, received little attention. A subtropical riverine grassland was selected to determine the effect of GE on herbage mass productivity and chemical composition in Nepal. In three successive harvesting times from September to November 2020, the herbage was sampled along the six randomly selected transects of 100 m length and at two treatments (GA: Grazing-allowed and GE: Grazing-excluded plots) at three different times of harvest from a 1,000-ha grassland. A total of 108 herbage cut samples were collected from the individual 1 m × 1 m quadrats at the three harvests, respectively, from the GA and GE plots. Fences were used to maintain the GE plots to avoid grazing to prevent the vegetation altered by grazing. Day before herbage sampling, the functional groups, cover-abundance within the sampling quadrats were investigated. By cutting the fresh herbage 5 cm above the ground and subjecting it to oven drying for laboratory examination, the herbage mass productivity within each quadrat was measured. Using established laboratory procedures, the chemical analysis of herbage was evaluated for its proximate, fibre, and mineral contents. The results of the study demonstrated that GE significantly increased grass species than other-forbs, other-graminoids, and legumes, respectively, and increased dry matter productivity, which could be seen by an increase in leaf stem ratio, tiller productivity, increased coarseness (fibrous content), total ash, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P), but with a decreased nonstructural carbohydrate, and the concentrations of ether extract and crude protein. Research results also confirmed that GE increases herbages’ fibrousness and productivity, though the herbage quality, intake, and digestibility decline. It further demonstrates that grazing is a crucial biological component for maintaining pasture quality in subtropical grasslands and that managing grasslands through livestock grazing would make grasslands more stable and nutrient-enriched. The findings of this study can be useful in the long-term monitoring of grazing livestock in the subtropical grasslands when considering further investigations with the multiple factors in future.
禁牧是恢复退化草地的一项有效管理技术。然而，对亚热带草地放牧环境下牧草质量生产力和化学组成的研究却很少。在尼泊尔选取了一片亚热带河流草地，研究了转基因对牧草质量生产力和化学成分的影响。在2020年9月至11月的三个连续收获期，在1000公顷草地上随机选择6个长度为100 m的样带，在三个不同的收获时间进行两种处理(GA:允许放牧和GE:不允许放牧)的牧草取样。三次采收时，在遗传和转基因样地的1 m × 1 m样地共采集108份割草样品。采用围栏保护转基因样地避免放牧，防止放牧对植被的改变。采样前一天，对样方内的功能基团、覆盖度进行调查。将新鲜牧草在离地5cm处割下，经烘箱烘干后进行实验室检验，测定每个样方内牧草的质量生产率。利用已建立的实验室程序，对牧草的化学分析进行了评估，包括其近似物、纤维和矿物质含量。结果表明，与其他草本植物、其他禾草类植物和豆科植物相比，转基因显著增加了禾草种类，并显著提高了干物质生产力，表现为叶茎比、分蘖生产力、粗度(纤维含量)、总灰分、钙(Ca)和磷(P)增加，但非结构碳水化合物、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质浓度降低。研究结果还证实，转基因提高了牧草的纤维性和生产力，但降低了牧草的品质、采食量和消化率。研究进一步表明，放牧是维持亚热带草原牧草质量的重要生物成分，通过放牧对草原进行管理可以使草原更加稳定和营养丰富。本研究结果可为亚热带草原放牧牲畜的长期监测提供参考，并可在今后的多因素调查中进一步研究。
{"title":"Effect of short-term grazing exclusion on herbage species composition, dry matter productivity, and chemical composition of subtropical grasslands","authors":"S. Barsila, Mahendra Singh Dhami, Bijay Kumar Shrestha, Luma Nidhi Pandey","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0223","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Grazing exclusion (GE) is a useful management technique for restoring degraded grasslands. The herbage mass productivity and chemical makeup in the grazing-excluded subtropical grassland environment has, however, received little attention. A subtropical riverine grassland was selected to determine the effect of GE on herbage mass productivity and chemical composition in Nepal. In three successive harvesting times from September to November 2020, the herbage was sampled along the six randomly selected transects of 100 m length and at two treatments (GA: Grazing-allowed and GE: Grazing-excluded plots) at three different times of harvest from a 1,000-ha grassland. A total of 108 herbage cut samples were collected from the individual 1 m × 1 m quadrats at the three harvests, respectively, from the GA and GE plots. Fences were used to maintain the GE plots to avoid grazing to prevent the vegetation altered by grazing. Day before herbage sampling, the functional groups, cover-abundance within the sampling quadrats were investigated. By cutting the fresh herbage 5 cm above the ground and subjecting it to oven drying for laboratory examination, the herbage mass productivity within each quadrat was measured. Using established laboratory procedures, the chemical analysis of herbage was evaluated for its proximate, fibre, and mineral contents. The results of the study demonstrated that GE significantly increased grass species than other-forbs, other-graminoids, and legumes, respectively, and increased dry matter productivity, which could be seen by an increase in leaf stem ratio, tiller productivity, increased coarseness (fibrous content), total ash, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P), but with a decreased nonstructural carbohydrate, and the concentrations of ether extract and crude protein. Research results also confirmed that GE increases herbages’ fibrousness and productivity, though the herbage quality, intake, and digestibility decline. It further demonstrates that grazing is a crucial biological component for maintaining pasture quality in subtropical grasslands and that managing grasslands through livestock grazing would make grasslands more stable and nutrient-enriched. The findings of this study can be useful in the long-term monitoring of grazing livestock in the subtropical grasslands when considering further investigations with the multiple factors in future.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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