Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1215/00029831-10575134
J. Schnepf
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Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1215/00029831-10575049
Evan Donahue
Early in the history of the field of artificial intelligence (AI), a paradigm known as microworlds emerged in which researchers constructed computer simulations of aspects of the real world from which their nascent AI systems could learn. Although microworlds were ultimately abandoned, AI researchers have recently called for their return, this time borrowing explicitly from the literary genre of interactive fiction, whose forms and conventions they might use to represent the world in text for the purpose of teaching machines to speak. This confluence of literary form and scientific method invites a closer examination of the relationship between word and world in AI research. The author argues for a reading of microworlds research and of AI more broadly through the lens of literary realism and through the literary texts that comprise its data sets and from which researchers expect artificially intelligent machines to learn about the world. The question of what kind of knowledge literature represents lies at the heart of AI research and thus presents an opportunity for a deeper engagement between AI research and literary, game, and media studies.
{"title":"All the Microworld’s a Stage: Realism in Interactive Fiction and Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Evan Donahue","doi":"10.1215/00029831-10575049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00029831-10575049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Early in the history of the field of artificial intelligence (AI), a paradigm known as microworlds emerged in which researchers constructed computer simulations of aspects of the real world from which their nascent AI systems could learn. Although microworlds were ultimately abandoned, AI researchers have recently called for their return, this time borrowing explicitly from the literary genre of interactive fiction, whose forms and conventions they might use to represent the world in text for the purpose of teaching machines to speak. This confluence of literary form and scientific method invites a closer examination of the relationship between word and world in AI research. The author argues for a reading of microworlds research and of AI more broadly through the lens of literary realism and through the literary texts that comprise its data sets and from which researchers expect artificially intelligent machines to learn about the world. The question of what kind of knowledge literature represents lies at the heart of AI research and thus presents an opportunity for a deeper engagement between AI research and literary, game, and media studies.","PeriodicalId":45756,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1215/00029831-10575190
T. Shoemaker
{"title":"Cultural Gradients and the Sociotechnics of Data","authors":"T. Shoemaker","doi":"10.1215/00029831-10575190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00029831-10575190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45756,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47731483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1215/00029831-10575077
Michele Elam
{"title":"Poetry Will Not Optimize, or What Is Literature to AI?","authors":"Michele Elam","doi":"10.1215/00029831-10575077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00029831-10575077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45756,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48283613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1215/00029831-10345351
Guadalupe Escobar
This article takes up the figure of the DREAMer in the twenty-first-century Latinx memoir by the formerly undocumented to consider the coupling of the right to education with narratability. The author reads Alberto Ledesma’s Diary of a Reluctant Dreamer (2017), Reyna Grande’s The Distance between Us (2012), and Dan-el Padilla Peralta’s Undocumented (2015) as examples of the critical DREAMer memoir, foregrounding suppressed and subversive self-representation. Such self-fashionings are constrained by overachievement while still troubling the myth of meritocracy to determine deservingness of US citizenship. This trio of texts shows how school systems are mechanisms of coercive assimilation that reproduce a ranking regime wherein racial others are excluded or subordinated. Even as school environments can silence, they can also be safe havens for amplifying the human voice. The freedom of expression found in education marks a transformation of silence into advocacy. The present proliferation of critical DREAMer memoirs largely reflects a new shape of post-9/11 Latinx literature, as well as the subgenre of human rights and literature.
这篇文章采用了21世纪拉丁裔回忆录中的梦想者的形象，由以前没有证件的人来考虑受教育权与可贩卖性的结合。作者阅读了阿尔贝托·莱德斯马（Alberto Ledesma）的《不情愿的梦想家日记》（2017）、雷娜·格兰德（Reyna Grande）的《我们之间的距离》（2012）和丹·帕迪拉·佩拉尔塔（Dan el Padilla Peralta。这种自我塑造受到了成绩的限制，同时仍然困扰着精英政治的神话，以决定美国公民的资格。这三篇文章展示了学校系统是如何成为强制同化的机制，再现了一种排斥或服从其他种族的排名制度。即使学校环境可以保持沉默，它们也可以成为放大人类声音的避风港。教育中的言论自由标志着沉默转变为倡导。DREAMer评论回忆录的激增在很大程度上反映了9/11后拉丁裔文学的新形态，以及人权和文学的亚类别。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1215/00029831-10345435
Shane Vogel
This article locates Ann Petry’s work within a different literary tradition than social realism, placing her in counterpoint to the existential phenomenology of contemporaneous writers such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Frantz Fanon. Examining a key sequence in her final novel, The Narrows (1953), the author shows how Petry’s work calls for and models a Black existentialist reading practice that is in productive tension with the prescriptive protocols of social protest literature—then and now—and invites us to read for choices within situations rather than determining environments or ontological foreclosures.
{"title":"Ann Petry and the Existential Phenomenology of Race","authors":"Shane Vogel","doi":"10.1215/00029831-10345435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00029831-10345435","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article locates Ann Petry’s work within a different literary tradition than social realism, placing her in counterpoint to the existential phenomenology of contemporaneous writers such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Frantz Fanon. Examining a key sequence in her final novel, The Narrows (1953), the author shows how Petry’s work calls for and models a Black existentialist reading practice that is in productive tension with the prescriptive protocols of social protest literature—then and now—and invites us to read for choices within situations rather than determining environments or ontological foreclosures.","PeriodicalId":45756,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47313754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1215/00029831-10345365
Jasmine An
This article draws on the formal and aesthetic qualities of Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Dictée as a critical model for theorizing the transnational legacies of colonialism and empire embedded in the acts of language learning and as an opening for Asian American literary studies to engage with the previously understudied genre of Thai American and Thai poetry. Foregrounding aesthetics and unique, translingual poetic practices, the readings in this article explore rich connections between Dictée and two experimental collections of Thai and Thai American poetry: Padcha Tuntha-obas’s trespasses (2006) and Jai Arun Ravine’s แล้ว and then entwine (2011a). Thai American cultural production is uniquely situated to offer aesthetic insights into the history of US presence in Southeast Asia from the mid-twentieth century onward, which in Thailand took the form of allyship and soft power as Thailand’s formally uncolonized status obscured the violent codifications of gender, racial, and sexual norms to align with Western, imperial worldviews. The author argues that, just as Dictée marked a revolutionary period in Asian American literary studies as the field grappled with the role of poststructural theory, experimental literary forms, and transnational, decolonial politics in the United States and Asia, a more sustained engagement with Thai American and Thai poetry can offer a critical entry point to address US informal empire building in Southeast Asia, including activities often occluded in mainstream historical narratives by a singular focus on Vietnam during the Cold War era.
本文借鉴了Theresa Hak Kyung Cha的《词典》的形式和美学特征，将其作为一个批判性的模型，对语言学习过程中殖民主义和帝国主义的跨国遗产进行理论化，并为亚裔美国文学研究提供了一个机会，使其能够接触到以前研究不足的泰国裔美国和泰国诗歌流派。本文以美学和独特的跨语言诗歌实践为基础，探讨了Dictée与两本泰国和泰国裔美国诗歌实验集之间的丰富联系：Padcha Tuntha obas的《侵入》（2006）和Jai Arun Ravine的แล้ว 然后纠缠（2011a）。泰裔美国人的文化生产处于独特的位置，可以对20世纪中期以来美国在东南亚的存在历史提供美学见解，在泰国，这种存在采取了盟友关系和软实力的形式，因为泰国正式的非统一地位掩盖了性别、种族和性规范的暴力编纂，以与西方帝国世界观保持一致。作者认为，正如Dictée标志着亚裔美国文学研究的一个革命性时期，该领域正在努力应对美国和亚洲的后结构理论、实验性文学形式以及跨国非殖民化政治的作用一样，与泰裔美国人和泰国诗歌的更持久接触可以为解决美国在东南亚的非正式帝国建设问题提供一个关键的切入点，包括冷战时期因对越南的单一关注而经常被主流历史叙事所遮蔽的活动。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1215/00029831-10345379
E. Plaue
How do settlers organize their discursive relationship with the lands they settle, in order to claim, conceptually and materially, the position of owner and occupant? What must they do to transform themselves, in their eyes and in the eyes of others, from parasite to host? And in what ways have these practices been contested? This article addresses these questions in the historical context of early American settler colonialism and demonstrates the relational structure that colonial legitimation requires, including how this structure is mediated by subjects not strictly part of that relation. Through readings of John Marshall, Mary Rowlandson, James Printer, and Martin R. Delany, this article brings together the fields of media philosophy and settler colonial studies to theorize the “parasitical trick” as a fundamental and flexible technique of settler colonialism that removes Indigenous people from relationality by, paradoxically, making them central to it.
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