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"TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: FOCUS ON PUBLIC EMPLOYEES IN AFGHANISTAN" 变革型领导及其对员工绩效的影响:以阿富汗公共部门雇员为研究对象
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.24193/tras.63e.3
Seyawash Ferozi, Yongjin Chang
"This study examines the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance based on a survey conducted on 150 employees in low and middle level management positions in the Ministry of Public Works in Kabul, Afghanistan. The survey questionnaire consisted of questions about employee performance, transformational leadership (6 dimensions), pay satisfaction, job security, and demographic control variables. The result of OLS regression analysis concludes that two dimensions of transformational leadership – identifying and articulating a vision, and intellectual stimulation – are statistically significant and positively related to employee performance. In addition, job security is highly significant and related to employee performance."
这项研究通过对阿富汗喀布尔公共工程部150名中低管理职位的员工进行调查,探讨了变革型领导与员工绩效之间的关系。调查问卷由员工绩效、变革型领导(6个维度)、薪酬满意度、工作安全感和人口控制变量组成。OLS回归分析的结果表明,变革型领导的两个维度——确定和阐明愿景,以及智力激励——对员工绩效具有显著的统计学意义和正相关。此外,工作保障非常重要,与员工绩效相关。”
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引用次数: 7
"REVISITING CROWDING-OUT EFFECT OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: ITS IMPACT ON EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC MOTIVATION" 重新审视绩效管理的众包效应:对外在动机和内在动机的影响
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.24193/tras.63e.5
Hyung-Woo Lee
Scholars have believed that motivation crowding out will occur when performance-based personnel management is practiced in the public sector. However, drawing on a more sophisticated typology of human motivation, this study demonstrates that the provision of extrinsic rewards can motivate, rather than demotivate, public employees even if public employees have strong public service motivation. Analyzing the data from the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (USA), this study found that the practice of employee performance management increases work effort and job satisfaction, and that such effects were mediated mainly by the hybrid motivational mechanisms (i.e., via enhanced self-concepts and perceived fairness), rather than by increasing sheer extrinsic motivation. This implies that the practice of employee performance management can be effective in motivating public employees.
学者们认为,当公共部门实行绩效人事管理时,就会出现动机挤出。然而,根据更复杂的人类动机类型,本研究表明,即使公职人员有强烈的公共服务动机,提供外在奖励也可以激励而不是削弱公职人员的积极性。通过分析美国联邦雇员观点调查的数据,本研究发现,员工绩效管理的实践增加了工作努力和工作满意度,而这种影响主要是由混合动机机制(即通过增强自我概念和感知公平)介导的,而不是通过增加纯粹的外在动机。这意味着员工绩效管理的实践可以有效地激励公职人员。
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引用次数: 3
Collaborative Governance Regimes in Illiberal Democracies: A Comparative Case of Drug Harm Reduction Policy in Central-Eastern Europe 非自由民主国家的合作治理制度:中欧和东欧减少毒品危害政策的比较案例
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.24193/TRAS.62E.4
György Hajnal, Iga Jeziorska
Collaborative governance research and practice seem underdeveloped in Central-Eastern Europe compared to its Western counterpart. Recently, one can also observe a turn from liberal values in CEE. Taking states’ important role in shaping collaborative governance as a starting point, this paper includes a theoretical ambition of developing a classification of collaborative governance regimes. Furthermore, through qualitative analysis of drug harm reduction policies in Visegrad countries, it aims to contribute to the understanding of how illiberal governance affects collaborative governance. The results show that the impact of illiberalism on collaborative governance regimes does not appear uniformly across different policy areas.
与西方相比,中欧和东欧的协作治理研究和实践似乎不发达。最近,人们还可以观察到中东欧国家自由主义价值观的转变。本文以国家在形成协作治理中的重要作用为出发点,提出了建立协作治理机制分类的理论目标。此外,通过对维谢格拉德国家减少毒品危害政策的定性分析,旨在有助于理解非自由治理如何影响协作治理。研究结果表明,非自由主义对合作治理机制的影响在不同的政策领域并不一致。
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引用次数: 3
Efficiency of Public Procurement in the Czech and Slovak Health Care Sectors 捷克和斯洛伐克卫生保健部门的公共采购效率
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.24193/TRAS.62E.7
J. Nemec, M. Kubák, G. Donin, Zuzana Kotherová
Health systems in most (if not all) countries perpetually struggle with financial problems and search for resources to cover health care needs. Increased efficiency of health procurement has the potential to save a lot of money and to reallocate them to treatments. The aim of our study is to analyze technical efficiency (efficiency/economy dimension) and allocation efficiency (effectiveness) of public procurement in health care facilities in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, countries whose health systems are governed by the principle of universal access to high quality health services. Concerning the technical efficiency, the results show a low rate of competitiveness whereby the potential of competition is not exploited. In terms of allocation efficiency, our research also sufficiently illustrates the criticality of the situation; however, compared to the element of technical efficiency the situation in the evaluated countries is different. In Slovakia, purchases are usually decided by doctors and procurement is prepared without the necessary ex-ante analysis. In the Czech Republic, the ex-ante evaluation of purchasing of medical equipment is regulated, however, the decision-making process is non-transparent and does not guarantee allocative efficiency. The study has critical policy implications – both countries should urgently adopt measures to improve their respective procurement processes.
大多数(如果不是全部)国家的卫生系统一直在与财政问题作斗争,并寻求资源来满足卫生保健需求。提高卫生采购效率有可能节省大量资金,并将其重新分配给治疗。我们研究的目的是分析捷克共和国和斯洛伐克卫生保健设施公共采购的技术效率(效率/经济维度)和分配效率(有效性),这两个国家的卫生系统是由普遍获得高质量卫生服务的原则管理的。在技术效率方面,结果显示竞争力低,竞争潜力没有得到开发。在配置效率方面,我们的研究也充分说明了形势的严重性;但是,与技术效率因素相比,被评价国家的情况有所不同。在斯洛伐克,采购通常是由医生决定的,采购是在没有必要的事前分析的情况下准备的。在捷克共和国,医疗设备采购的事前评价受到管制,但决策过程不透明,不能保证分配效率。这项研究具有重要的政策意义——两国都应紧急采取措施,改进各自的采购程序。
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引用次数: 3
Urban Regeneration and Changes Driven by Tourism and the ‘Skopje 2014’ Project 旅游业和“斯科普里2014”项目推动的城市更新和变化
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.24193/TRAS.62E.6
Dejan Iliev
The current paper explores the relationship between urban regeneration, tourism and culture, and offers a common approach that each of these three concepts can bring. The paper proposes and develops a new and integrated conceptual analytical framework. The analysis uses the example of the capital Skopje, which provides a suitable framework for interpreting the process. The study uses combined research methods and analysis to obtain a critical synthesis. Skopje has catalyzed a new example of urban regeneration driven by tourism and the ‘Skopje 2014’ project. The results show that, except for the old city’s core, which was generally refurbished with the ‘Skopje 2014’ project, new tourist values were also promoted in other peripheral municipalities of the city. The number, spatial concentration and nationality of foreign tourists have changed in the analyzed period. As well, the findings indicate changes in the geography and business of hotels/accommodation establishments and their increasing use in recent years. This study fits into the theoretical debate on the determinants of tourism/culture-led urban regeneration and provides appropriate theoretical contributions to literature, as well as a set of recommendations that can be useful for public sector authorities and policymakers.
本文探讨了城市更新、旅游和文化之间的关系,并提出了这三个概念各自可以带来的共同方法。本文提出并发展了一个新的综合概念分析框架。分析以首都斯科普里为例,为解释这一过程提供了一个合适的框架。本研究采用研究方法和分析相结合的方法来获得关键综合。斯科普里推动了旅游业和“斯科普里2014”项目推动的城市复兴的新范例。结果表明,除了老城的核心区(通常通过“斯科普里2014”项目进行翻新)外,该市其他周边城市也提升了新的旅游价值。在分析期间,外国游客的数量、空间集中度和国籍都发生了变化。此外,研究结果表明,近年来酒店/住宿机构的地理和业务发生了变化,其使用也在增加。这项研究符合关于旅游业/文化主导的城市复兴的决定因素的理论辩论,并为文献提供了适当的理论贡献,以及一系列对公共部门当局和政策制定者有用的建议。
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引用次数: 1
The Competency Movement in Public Hospitals: Analysing the Competencies of Hospital Executive Managers 公立医院的胜任力运动:医院管理者胜任力分析
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.24193/TRAS.62E.2
Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay, M. Öktem
Our primary aim was to provide a quantitative snapshot relying on a self-assessment tool developed for the local healthcare environment and formal tasks for top-level executive hospital managers of public healthcare organizations. We used a cross-sectional and descriptive mixed study design that targeted the nationwide population of 701 top-level managers in public hospitals in 2015 in Turkey. As the first step, position description content analysis was conducted based on document analysis to explore their legal tasks and statements, and the job requirements for an executive management position in public hospitals. Second, before designing the data-collection instrument, we conducted four meetings and group discussions with several hospital managers – with and without medical backgrounds – and five academics who were part of healthcare management and public administration departments. Lastly, we built upon past efforts and the literature, and constructed a questionnaire. The managers are fully responsible for the healthcare quality, medical, nursing, administrative issues and financial performance of the facility. The participants perceived that they were competent in most of the competencies. The participants’ mean total competency score was 81%, and the competency gap between the required and current competency levels differed from 13% to 22%. This research provides deep insight into the competencies perceived by hospital executive managers in a developing country context. Our results have several practical implications for both healthcare policymakers and new executive hospital managers. There is an urgent need for follow-up self-assessment for competencies and ongoing management training programs.
我们的主要目标是根据为当地医疗保健环境开发的自我评估工具和公共医疗保健组织的顶级执行医院管理人员的正式任务,提供定量快照。我们使用了一项横断面和描述性的混合研究设计,该设计针对2015年土耳其公立医院701名全国顶级管理人员。作为第一步,在文献分析的基础上进行了职位描述内容分析,以探讨他们的法律任务和陈述,以及公立医院行政管理职位的工作要求。其次,在设计数据收集工具之前,我们与几位有或没有医学背景的医院管理人员以及五位医疗管理和公共行政部门的学者进行了四次会议和小组讨论。最后,我们在过去的努力和文献的基础上,构建了一份问卷。管理人员全面负责医疗质量、医疗、护理、行政问题和设施的财务绩效。参与者认为他们在大多数能力方面都很有能力。参与者的平均总能力得分为81%,要求和当前能力水平之间的能力差距从13%到22%不等。这项研究深入了解了发展中国家背景下医院高管所感知的能力。我们的研究结果对医疗政策制定者和新的医院管理者都有一些实际意义。迫切需要对能力和正在进行的管理培训方案进行后续自我评估。
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引用次数: 1
Universities as ‘Drivers’ of Local and Regional Development 大学是地方和区域发展的“驱动力”
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.24193/TRAS.62E.8
M. Profiroiu, Maria Roxana Brișcariu
The society based on knowledge and innovation brings to the fore the role of universities as research and learning spaces, with the purpose for sustainable development at local, regional, national and global levels. Following this approach, we explore the capacity of spreading the knowledge and innovation capital in the North-West region of Romania between universities, the private sector and the public sector. Also, the study explores the role taken by the university system in Romania, locally and regionally, emphasizing what type of relationship defines the exchange of outputs and what are the most useful know-how transfer mechanisms from universities to the private and public sectors. The empirical research in this paper has shown that there is a growing relationship between universities – private sector – public sector, which is characterized as ‘in an incipient phase’, ‘based on urgent needs of the parties’. All of the actors involved in this triad want to develop the links between universities – private sector – public sector in communication, research, innovation and technology, and they suggest standardization and regulation of this interaction and developing a legal framework to correspond to the actual needs at local and regional levels.
以知识和创新为基础的社会突出了大学作为研究和学习空间的作用,其目的是在地方、区域、国家和全球各级实现可持续发展。按照这种方法,我们探索了罗马尼亚西北地区在大学、私营部门和公共部门之间传播知识和创新资本的能力。此外,该研究还探讨了罗马尼亚大学系统在地方和区域所发挥的作用,强调何种关系界定了产出的交换,以及从大学到私营和公共部门的最有用的专门知识转移机制是什么。本文的实证研究表明,大学-私营部门-公共部门之间的关系正在发展,其特征是“处于初级阶段”,“基于各方的迫切需求”。这三方面的所有参与者都希望在通信、研究、创新和技术方面发展大学、私营部门和公共部门之间的联系,他们建议对这种相互作用进行标准化和管理,并制定符合地方和区域各级实际需要的法律框架。
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引用次数: 2
Public Measures to Deal with the Negative Effects of Intra-EU Migration.Case Study: Suceava County, Romania 应对欧盟内部移民负面影响的公共措施。案例研究:罗马尼亚苏切瓦县
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.24193/TRAS.62E.1
D. Balaban, Viviana Huțuleac
Romania is one of the EU member states reported to have a high rate of intra-EU migration. There is a temporary labor migration, but also Romanian migrants decide to leave their country for good. This phenomenon has a large economic, cultural, and social impact on society, with the northeastern region of Romania being especially affected. The main objectives of the present research are: (1) to analyze the social measures applied by the local authorities, especially the County Council and DGASPC (Social Work and Child Protection Services) Suceava to strengthen the ties with the diaspora, and to deal with the problem of the children with one or both parents working abroad, and (2) to determine how the local public authorities communicated on this issue. The applied research methods are document analysis, content analysis of the social media accounts of the above-mentioned institutions, and local media, as well as in-depth interviews that were conducted at the Suceava County Council and the Social Work and Child Protection Services. Our findings underlined that Suceava county has a defined strategy to deal with the negative effects of the labor migration phenomenon related to the phenomenon of the children left at home, there was a constant preoccupation during the analyzed period to communicate on this subject and even more, the local authorities took some measures to deal with this relevant issue. As both local authorities and local media acknowledged, more social measures are still needed.
罗马尼亚是据报道欧盟内部移民率较高的欧盟成员国之一。有一个临时的劳动力移民,但也有罗马尼亚移民决定永远离开他们的国家。这一现象对社会产生了巨大的经济、文化和社会影响,罗马尼亚东北部地区尤其受到影响。本研究的主要目的是:(1)分析地方当局,特别是县议会和DGASPC(社会工作和儿童保护服务)Suceava为加强与散居国外的联系而采取的社会措施,并解决父母一方或双方都在国外工作的儿童问题,以及(2)确定地方公共当局如何就这一问题进行沟通。应用的研究方法是文件分析、对上述机构和当地媒体的社交媒体账户的内容分析,以及在苏切瓦县议会和社会工作和儿童保护服务机构进行的深入采访。我们的研究结果强调,苏切瓦县有一个明确的战略来应对与留在家中的儿童现象有关的劳动力迁移现象的负面影响,在分析期间,人们一直专注于就这一问题进行沟通,更重要的是,地方当局采取了一些措施来处理这一相关问题。正如地方当局和地方媒体所承认的那样,仍然需要采取更多的社会措施。
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引用次数: 1
Territorial Innovation Patterns in Romania. Future Pathways for Smart Specialization 罗马尼亚的地域创新模式。智能专业化的未来之路
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.24193/TRAS.62E.9
C. Serbanica
This study examines the territorial patterns of innovation in Romania, a country labelled as ‘modest innovator’. Our main assumption is that the large heterogeneity in the sub-national innovation patterns is not captured in the typologies developed for the NUTS2 regions. Consequently, the study proposes a categorization of the Romanian NUTS3 counties according to their innovation performance and structural characteristics, by means of a two-step factor analysis combined with hierarchical cluster analysis. The results point to the existence of five territorial groupings with similar characteristics: knowledge-intensive hubs, technology-intensive platforms, diversified agglomerations, industrial production zones and structurally challenged regions. Taken together, the results suggest the need to prioritize structural transformation and embrace the broad-based innovation concept.
这项研究考察了罗马尼亚的地域创新模式,这个国家被称为“适度创新者”。我们的主要假设是,次国家级创新模式的巨大异质性并未体现在为NUTS2区域开发的类型中。因此,本研究采用两步因子分析结合层次聚类分析的方法,根据创新绩效和结构特征对罗马尼亚NUTS3县进行了分类。研究结果表明,中国存在5个具有相似特征的区域群:知识密集型中心、技术密集型平台、多元化集聚区、工业生产区和结构挑战区。综上所述,结果表明需要优先考虑结构转型,并接受广泛的创新理念。
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引用次数: 1
Study of the Transformation of Industrial Heritage from the Perspective of Holistic Governance 整体治理视角下的工业遗产改造研究
IF 1 4区 管理学 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.24193/TRAS.62E.5
Z. Hua, L. Yaning, Jilong Wang
In the past few years, with the development of technology and industrial upgrading, a growing number of countries are facing the problem of how to transform their industrial heritages, especially if they are in downtowns. Public administration top managers have a main role in this complex process of purpose and ownership changes. By examining the transformation of industrial heritage in Shanghai – a case-study examined through interviews, chronology of events and content analyses –, this paper explores how the government has used the idea of holistic governance in creating an exhaustive plan and implementing it. The study also explores the government’s attempt to build social consensus regarding that major transition, including the role of communication with citizens.
近年来,随着科技的发展和产业的升级,越来越多的国家面临着如何对工业遗产进行改造的问题,尤其是那些位于市中心的工业遗产。公共行政高层管理人员在这一目的和所有权变化的复杂过程中发挥着主要作用。本文以上海工业遗产的改造为个案,通过访谈、事件年表和内容分析,探讨了政府如何运用整体治理的理念,制定详尽的规划并实施。该研究还探讨了政府就这一重大转变建立社会共识的努力,包括与公民沟通的作用。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences
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