Tourism is one of the rapid development sectors on small islands that are abundant with natural resources. However, tourism development is a potential threat and may deplete environmental resources. This paper aims to describe the recent tourism development in Bintan Regency, Indonesia, one of the small islands abundant with mangrove resources. Data were collected on Bintan Island through visitation and observation. The mangrove ecosystem document and the potential impact of tourism development on the mangrove ecosystem were empirically reviewed. Studies confirm that tourism is recently growing in Bintan and significantly contributes to and supports local development. The mangrove ecosystem has abundant resources that are crucial for sustainable tourism development programmes on Bintan Island. Some strategic approaches exist to enhance the link between mangrove conservation and tourism on Bintan Island, including mangrove biodiversity conservation, ecolodge development, nature-based tourism programme development, and community participation in mangrove-based tourism. With a proper management approach, mangroves are a potential resource to attract tourists and promote sustainable tourism development on small islands.
{"title":"Mangrove Biodiversity and Conservations: Foundation Toward Ecotourism Implementation in Bintan Island, Indonesia","authors":"Lukhman Hakim, Panji DEORANTO, Turniningtyas Ayu, Edriana PANGESTUTI, Deasy Chrisnia Natalia","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.23","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is one of the rapid development sectors on small islands that are abundant with natural resources. However, tourism development is a potential threat and may deplete environmental resources. This paper aims to describe the recent tourism development in Bintan Regency, Indonesia, one of the small islands abundant with mangrove resources. Data were collected on Bintan Island through visitation and observation. The mangrove ecosystem document and the potential impact of tourism development on the mangrove ecosystem were empirically reviewed. Studies confirm that tourism is recently growing in Bintan and significantly contributes to and supports local development. The mangrove ecosystem has abundant resources that are crucial for sustainable tourism development programmes on Bintan Island. Some strategic approaches exist to enhance the link between mangrove conservation and tourism on Bintan Island, including mangrove biodiversity conservation, ecolodge development, nature-based tourism programme development, and community participation in mangrove-based tourism. With a proper management approach, mangroves are a potential resource to attract tourists and promote sustainable tourism development on small islands.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.12
Roksolana Kosiv, Andrii POCHEKVA
The article studies the process of separation of the two layers of painting of the icon “St. Apostle Philip”, which is kept in the church in the Bonevychi village (Sambir district, Lviv region, Ukraine). The expediency of using the chemical method of separation for these work and similar ones, according to the state of preservation and technique of execution, is substantiated. The study shows that the upper layer of the icon was made in the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the technique of oil painting on top of the new gesso (levkas). The original painting of the icon was done in the technique of tempera with the use of silvering and engraving on the background. When studying the manner of painting of the original layer of the icon and based on archival documents about the church in Bonevychi, it was found that first image was painted in the early 18th century to the newly built in 1702 wooden church in Bonevychi. The manner of painting shows that the author of the original icon was a master from the center of church art in the town of Rybotychi (now a village in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Województwo podkarpackie) of Poland).
本文研究了保存在乌克兰利沃夫地区(Sambir区)Bonevychi村教堂的“圣使徒菲利普”图标两层绘画分离的过程。根据保存状态和操作技术的不同，证明了用化学方法分离这些工作和类似工作的方便性。研究表明，圣像的上层是在19世纪末至20世纪初用油画技术在新石膏(levkas)上制作的。圣像的原画是用蛋彩画的技术完成的，在背景上使用了镀银和雕刻。在研究圣像原层的绘画方式时，根据有关Bonevychi教堂的档案文件，发现第一个图像是在18世纪初绘制的，是1702年新建的Bonevychi木制教堂。绘画的方式表明，原始图标的作者是Rybotychi镇(现在是波兰Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Województwo podkarpackie)的一个村庄)教堂艺术中心的大师。
{"title":"Conservation and Attribution of the Early 18th Century Icon “St. Apostle Philip” from the Bonevychi Village (Lviv Region, Ukraine) using the Technique of Separation of Easel Painting","authors":"Roksolana Kosiv, Andrii POCHEKVA","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the process of separation of the two layers of painting of the icon “St. Apostle Philip”, which is kept in the church in the Bonevychi village (Sambir district, Lviv region, Ukraine). The expediency of using the chemical method of separation for these work and similar ones, according to the state of preservation and technique of execution, is substantiated. The study shows that the upper layer of the icon was made in the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the technique of oil painting on top of the new gesso (levkas). The original painting of the icon was done in the technique of tempera with the use of silvering and engraving on the background. When studying the manner of painting of the original layer of the icon and based on archival documents about the church in Bonevychi, it was found that first image was painted in the early 18th century to the newly built in 1702 wooden church in Bonevychi. The manner of painting shows that the author of the original icon was a master from the center of church art in the town of Rybotychi (now a village in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Województwo podkarpackie) of Poland).","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.01
Paula Vanesa Alfieri, Guadalupe Canosa
In this paper, nanoparticle dispersions (nanosilver, copper nano oxide, nanozinc, and nanosilica) have been formulated to be used as protective impregnants. Since all the components of the formulations could be charged according to the pH of the medium, the solutions were formulated with the two profiles of pH=3 and pH=8 (pH changes were handled with the addition of HCl or NH4OH at the time of application), and the interaction capacity has been analyzed. The nanoparticle dispersion medium was alcohol, and the concentrations ranged from 1 to 3% m/v. Impregnations have been performed by immersion. All formulated systems generated good protection against biotic agents due to chemical and structural modifications of the cell wall. It has been observed that the best performances were given with the presence of nanoparticles, which allowed inferring that the composite formed by nano-wood is bioactive. An issue that is also important is that the systems are easy to apply and very low concentrations are required, which translates into low costs.
{"title":"Wood Decay Resistance Employing Nanoparticle Protective Systems","authors":"Paula Vanesa Alfieri, Guadalupe Canosa","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, nanoparticle dispersions (nanosilver, copper nano oxide, nanozinc, and nanosilica) have been formulated to be used as protective impregnants. Since all the components of the formulations could be charged according to the pH of the medium, the solutions were formulated with the two profiles of pH=3 and pH=8 (pH changes were handled with the addition of HCl or NH4OH at the time of application), and the interaction capacity has been analyzed. The nanoparticle dispersion medium was alcohol, and the concentrations ranged from 1 to 3% m/v. Impregnations have been performed by immersion. All formulated systems generated good protection against biotic agents due to chemical and structural modifications of the cell wall. It has been observed that the best performances were given with the presence of nanoparticles, which allowed inferring that the composite formed by nano-wood is bioactive. An issue that is also important is that the systems are easy to apply and very low concentrations are required, which translates into low costs.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.28
Penka Girginova, Milene Gil
"This paper reports an updated overview of a comparative study on the medium-term effects of treatment with three consolidants—laboratory-prepared nanolime, commercial nanolime, and commercial acrylic resin—on fresco paint layers replicas affected by lack of cohesion. This is a follow-up to our preliminary data published in 2021. In 2020, paint layers replicas of frescos were prepared in vitro by buon and lime fresco painting techniques with blue smalt and yellow ochre pigments. The samples were treated with the three consolidants and aged at ambient conditions. In 2023, the authors repeated the analysis to assess and compare the three-year effect of the laboratory-prepared nanolime on the paint layers with regard to the commercial nanolime and acrylic resin. The analytical setup comprised photography, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and colorimetry or spectrophotometry. Monitored parameters were the impact of the treatments on the paint layer morphology and on the colour. After three years, the presence of all products is still detected on the paint surface, where they maintain their effects on the paint layer morphology. Aesthetical changes that occurred immediately after the treatment have maintained a relatively constant value over the course of time. "
{"title":"Studies of the Medium-Term Effect of Nanoconsolidants on Wall Paint Layers with a Lack of Cohesion","authors":"Penka Girginova, Milene Gil","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.28","url":null,"abstract":"\"This paper reports an updated overview of a comparative study on the medium-term effects of treatment with three consolidants—laboratory-prepared nanolime, commercial nanolime, and commercial acrylic resin—on fresco paint layers replicas affected by lack of cohesion. This is a follow-up to our preliminary data published in 2021. In 2020, paint layers replicas of frescos were prepared in vitro by buon and lime fresco painting techniques with blue smalt and yellow ochre pigments. The samples were treated with the three consolidants and aged at ambient conditions. In 2023, the authors repeated the analysis to assess and compare the three-year effect of the laboratory-prepared nanolime on the paint layers with regard to the commercial nanolime and acrylic resin. The analytical setup comprised photography, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and colorimetry or spectrophotometry. Monitored parameters were the impact of the treatments on the paint layer morphology and on the colour. After three years, the presence of all products is still detected on the paint surface, where they maintain their effects on the paint layer morphology. Aesthetical changes that occurred immediately after the treatment have maintained a relatively constant value over the course of time. \"","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.19
Petar Petrov, Veneta Stefanova
Rare earth elements (REEs) from the ex-mining area (reclaimed tailing ponds) in East Rodope, Bulgaria, were investigated in soil and different plant species using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The tailings pond was reclaimed 20 years ago. The research work aims to determine the potential for phytomining of rare earth elements by naturally occurring plants in reclaimed tailing ponds. In the soil samples, the concentrations of cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), and gadolinium (Gd) exceeded the average content of the elements in soils. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated. It was found that light rare earth elements (LREEs) are in greater concentration in plant samples than heavy rare earth elements (HREEs).
{"title":"Potential for Phytomining of Rare Earth Elements by Naturally Occurring Plants in Reclaimed Tailing Ponds","authors":"Petar Petrov, Veneta Stefanova","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.19","url":null,"abstract":"Rare earth elements (REEs) from the ex-mining area (reclaimed tailing ponds) in East Rodope, Bulgaria, were investigated in soil and different plant species using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The tailings pond was reclaimed 20 years ago. The research work aims to determine the potential for phytomining of rare earth elements by naturally occurring plants in reclaimed tailing ponds. In the soil samples, the concentrations of cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), and gadolinium (Gd) exceeded the average content of the elements in soils. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated. It was found that light rare earth elements (LREEs) are in greater concentration in plant samples than heavy rare earth elements (HREEs).","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.02
Maphole Emelly Loke, Pallav Kumar, Giuseppe CULTRONE
The importance of compatible restoration of historic masonries cannot be overemphasized, as it helps maintain the historic structures for sustainable development, economic growth, and the representation of a country's history. This paper acknowledges the existence of extensive research work on historic mortar characterization, the proposition of restoration materials, and the awareness raised about the use of incompatible restoration materials. However, the concept of historic mortar characterization still faces some challenges in methodology, material sampling, and mortar decay that need to be confronted. The problem extends further to designing and producing compatible restoration mortars for historical monuments. The work has not been extended to evaluate the compatibility and durability of the designed mortars. This creates uncertainty about the effectiveness of such proposed solutions. These could be overcome by analyzing the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and mechanical properties of the original representative mortar samples collected from historic structures and the proposed repair mortars before executing repairs. It is believed that investigations into the mix designs help achieve successful restoration work. This review presents the recent advances in historic mortar characterization and is intended to be a useful tool for historic restoration teams when tackling conservation activities on historic masonries.
{"title":"Challenges in Characterization and Development of Suitable Historic Repair Mortars","authors":"Maphole Emelly Loke, Pallav Kumar, Giuseppe CULTRONE","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of compatible restoration of historic masonries cannot be overemphasized, as it helps maintain the historic structures for sustainable development, economic growth, and the representation of a country's history. This paper acknowledges the existence of extensive research work on historic mortar characterization, the proposition of restoration materials, and the awareness raised about the use of incompatible restoration materials. However, the concept of historic mortar characterization still faces some challenges in methodology, material sampling, and mortar decay that need to be confronted. The problem extends further to designing and producing compatible restoration mortars for historical monuments. The work has not been extended to evaluate the compatibility and durability of the designed mortars. This creates uncertainty about the effectiveness of such proposed solutions. These could be overcome by analyzing the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and mechanical properties of the original representative mortar samples collected from historic structures and the proposed repair mortars before executing repairs. It is believed that investigations into the mix designs help achieve successful restoration work. This review presents the recent advances in historic mortar characterization and is intended to be a useful tool for historic restoration teams when tackling conservation activities on historic masonries.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.06
Karolina SOBCZYŃSKA, Adam NADOLNY, Katarzyna SŁUCHOCKA, Vladyslav SMILKA, Oleksandr IVASHKO
In the article, the authors discussed the course in the subject of heritage protection, including the conservation of historic buildings and placing new objects within historically formed development, at the Faculty of Architecture of the Poznan University of Technology. The authors emphasise the importance of analysing the composition of historical buildings' elevations existing in the vicinity of the designed object. Capturing the main compositional structures and guidelines of the facades of historical objects is difficult, and hence the authors show different ways to achieve this, emphasising different ways of observing the object and graphically recording the layout of the composition and later using these effects in the design stage. The aim is to acquire and improve the ability to fit the designed object into its historic context.
{"title":"Problems of Supplementing the Formed Historic Development with new Objects","authors":"Karolina SOBCZYŃSKA, Adam NADOLNY, Katarzyna SŁUCHOCKA, Vladyslav SMILKA, Oleksandr IVASHKO","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the authors discussed the course in the subject of heritage protection, including the conservation of historic buildings and placing new objects within historically formed development, at the Faculty of Architecture of the Poznan University of Technology. The authors emphasise the importance of analysing the composition of historical buildings' elevations existing in the vicinity of the designed object. Capturing the main compositional structures and guidelines of the facades of historical objects is difficult, and hence the authors show different ways to achieve this, emphasising different ways of observing the object and graphically recording the layout of the composition and later using these effects in the design stage. The aim is to acquire and improve the ability to fit the designed object into its historic context.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.32
Milene Gil, Yigit HELVACI, Jose Mirao
This paper presents the results of observations and analysis carried out in the modern mural painting of 54m2, known as Planisphere (or Mapa-mundi), made by Almada Negreiros in 1939 in the city of Lisbon. The painting is Almada’s first monumental painted work at fresco, and it is a striking, colourful composition inspired by early world maps of navigators. The aim is to ascertain how he built up this masterpiece and what artistic sources could have inspired him. The analytical setup comprised in-situ technical photography in the visible (Vis and Vis-Rak) and near infrared radiation (NIR), Vis-handled-Optical microscopy, complemented by laboratorial analysis of microsamples collected from paint layers with OM-Vis-UV and SEM-EDS. The data obtained was compared with the painting compendiums of Paul Bedouin’s La fresque. Sa Technique-ses applications (1914) and of Costin Petresco’s L’art de la fresque (1931), retrieved from the artist studio in 2019. The study reveals the first technical and material features found, such as the painting execution by large giornate, the use of different types of techniques to transfer the drawings to the wall, and the presence of paint layers made with buon and lime fresco. The results also reveal the likely strategies used by Almada to overcome the challenges imposed by a fresco execution, inspired by both eastern and western mural painting traditions.
本文介绍了对一幅名为Planisphere(或Mapa-mundi)的54平方米现代壁画进行观察和分析的结果，该壁画由Almada Negreiros于1939年在里斯本市创作。这幅画是阿尔马达的第一幅巨大的壁画作品，它是一幅引人注目的彩色构图，灵感来自早期航海家的世界地图。目的是确定他是如何创作出这幅杰作的，以及他可能从哪些艺术来源获得灵感。分析装置包括可见光(Vis和Vis- rak)和近红外辐射(NIR)的现场技术摄影，可见光处理光学显微镜，辅以OM-Vis-UV和SEM-EDS对从油漆层收集的微样品进行实验室分析。所获得的数据与保罗·贝都因的《壁画》的绘画纲要进行了比较。Sa Technique-ses applications(1914)和Costin Petresco的L 'art de la fresque(1931)，于2019年从艺术家工作室检索。该研究揭示了发现的第一个技术和材料特征，例如大型giornate的绘画执行，使用不同类型的技术将图纸转移到墙壁上，以及用氟利昂和石灰壁画制作的油漆层的存在。研究结果还揭示了Almada可能采用的策略，以克服壁画执行所带来的挑战，灵感来自东西方壁画传统。
{"title":"Modern Mural Paintings. The Planisphere Painting of Almada Negreiros: Technical and Material Features of Plasters and Painting Technique","authors":"Milene Gil, Yigit HELVACI, Jose Mirao","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.32","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of observations and analysis carried out in the modern mural painting of 54m2, known as Planisphere (or Mapa-mundi), made by Almada Negreiros in 1939 in the city of Lisbon. The painting is Almada’s first monumental painted work at fresco, and it is a striking, colourful composition inspired by early world maps of navigators. The aim is to ascertain how he built up this masterpiece and what artistic sources could have inspired him. The analytical setup comprised in-situ technical photography in the visible (Vis and Vis-Rak) and near infrared radiation (NIR), Vis-handled-Optical microscopy, complemented by laboratorial analysis of microsamples collected from paint layers with OM-Vis-UV and SEM-EDS. The data obtained was compared with the painting compendiums of Paul Bedouin’s La fresque. Sa Technique-ses applications (1914) and of Costin Petresco’s L’art de la fresque (1931), retrieved from the artist studio in 2019. The study reveals the first technical and material features found, such as the painting execution by large giornate, the use of different types of techniques to transfer the drawings to the wall, and the presence of paint layers made with buon and lime fresco. The results also reveal the likely strategies used by Almada to overcome the challenges imposed by a fresco execution, inspired by both eastern and western mural painting traditions.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.14
Emam Salim, Nagah Abouseif
Cartonnage is one of the most valuable cultural heritage artifacts that are submitted to several degradation mechanisms due to their composite structure, and sensitive nature. In this paper, scientific techniques were used to estimate a cartonnage fragment. The use of non-destructive procedures was carried out to investigate the multi layered structure of cartonnage. The procedures include a Digital microscope and SEM were used to identify the support layer structure, EDS microanalysis was able to detect and identify the ground layer, Raman spectroscopy used to analyze the color layer for pigments identification, also XRF microanalysis was used for the identification of color samples, for the yellow, red, green, and black colors, the results concluded orpiment, red ochre, Egyptian green, and carbon-based pigment were found in the chromatic layer.
{"title":"Multi-Analytical Characterization of an Ancient Cartonnage Fragment from the American University Excavations. A Case Study","authors":"Emam Salim, Nagah Abouseif","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.14","url":null,"abstract":"Cartonnage is one of the most valuable cultural heritage artifacts that are submitted to several degradation mechanisms due to their composite structure, and sensitive nature. In this paper, scientific techniques were used to estimate a cartonnage fragment. The use of non-destructive procedures was carried out to investigate the multi layered structure of cartonnage. The procedures include a Digital microscope and SEM were used to identify the support layer structure, EDS microanalysis was able to detect and identify the ground layer, Raman spectroscopy used to analyze the color layer for pigments identification, also XRF microanalysis was used for the identification of color samples, for the yellow, red, green, and black colors, the results concluded orpiment, red ochre, Egyptian green, and carbon-based pigment were found in the chromatic layer.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.18
Charu BHANOT, Sudipto CHATTERJEE
Urban lakes, or jheels, are essential ecological elements that help maintain ecosystem services such as groundwater, regional climate, and biodiversity. The continuous urban sprawl and population growth in urban areas are essential factors in the decline of freshwater bodies. However, these ecosystems have functional advantages. The National Capital Region of India has a population of 46 million and is situated on the Yamuna watershed. The resilience plan for the city requires research on hydrological sustainability. The present study focuses on the case study of Najafgarh Jheel, a trans-boundary lake that has recently received the status of a water body under the wetland rules of 2017 of India by the National Green Tribunal after 215 years of existence and deterioration. The primary data collection was through field visits of avifauana data, and secondary data from eBird data, research articles, government reports, and newspaper articles have been the main tools for analysis. The baselines of international significance for Najafgrah Jheel were compared to criteria laid out by the Important Bird and Biodiversity Area Programme and the Ramsar Convention. The Najafgarh Jheel area could be a prospective wetland of international significance for its ornithological significance. The Jheel is facing several anthropogenic stressors with an urgent need for protection and demarcation under the protected area network.
{"title":"Conservation of Urban Wetland with Potential International Significance: A Case Study on Najafgarh Jheel, Delhi, India","authors":"Charu BHANOT, Sudipto CHATTERJEE","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.18","url":null,"abstract":"Urban lakes, or jheels, are essential ecological elements that help maintain ecosystem services such as groundwater, regional climate, and biodiversity. The continuous urban sprawl and population growth in urban areas are essential factors in the decline of freshwater bodies. However, these ecosystems have functional advantages. The National Capital Region of India has a population of 46 million and is situated on the Yamuna watershed. The resilience plan for the city requires research on hydrological sustainability. The present study focuses on the case study of Najafgarh Jheel, a trans-boundary lake that has recently received the status of a water body under the wetland rules of 2017 of India by the National Green Tribunal after 215 years of existence and deterioration. The primary data collection was through field visits of avifauana data, and secondary data from eBird data, research articles, government reports, and newspaper articles have been the main tools for analysis. The baselines of international significance for Najafgrah Jheel were compared to criteria laid out by the Important Bird and Biodiversity Area Programme and the Ramsar Convention. The Najafgarh Jheel area could be a prospective wetland of international significance for its ornithological significance. The Jheel is facing several anthropogenic stressors with an urgent need for protection and demarcation under the protected area network.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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