Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.17
Maria Diaconu, Silvia Garofalide, Georgiana Cocean, Alexandru Cocean, Daniela Angelica Pricop, Iuliana Cocean, Silviu Gurlui
Influences of landfills on the surrounding waters have been studied in the neighbourhood of an urban area. Analytical and spectroscopic methods were used to investigate the waters of a canal situated in the neighbourhood of the landfill. Dangerous chemical compounds have been identified in the water as pollutants resulting from the physico-chemical processes of degradation of landfill waste. The quick method with gas sensor detection and colorimetric ion identification using a commercial Quantofix kit, as well as precipitation with AgNO3, offered preliminary information completed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Pollutants that reached the canal waters either by air (evaporation) or by discharges or through rainwater were analysed from the point of view of the degree of danger, sources of waste materials, as well as their circuit in the environment. Hydrogen cyanide, nitrites, nitro compounds, sulfites and sulphates, sulfonic tension-active compounds, peroxydes and hyperoxydes, azo-compounds, organic and inorganic acids of high corrosive potential, and Fe ions were generally the detected pollutants, each of them with specific harmful potential contributing as well in a cumulative effect to endangering human health directly or indirectly as environmental circulating contaminants.
{"title":"Physico-Chemical Degradation of Some Land-Fill Wastes Contaminating on Surface and Ground Surrounding Waters","authors":"Maria Diaconu, Silvia Garofalide, Georgiana Cocean, Alexandru Cocean, Daniela Angelica Pricop, Iuliana Cocean, Silviu Gurlui","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.17","url":null,"abstract":"Influences of landfills on the surrounding waters have been studied in the neighbourhood of an urban area. Analytical and spectroscopic methods were used to investigate the waters of a canal situated in the neighbourhood of the landfill. Dangerous chemical compounds have been identified in the water as pollutants resulting from the physico-chemical processes of degradation of landfill waste. The quick method with gas sensor detection and colorimetric ion identification using a commercial Quantofix kit, as well as precipitation with AgNO3, offered preliminary information completed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Pollutants that reached the canal waters either by air (evaporation) or by discharges or through rainwater were analysed from the point of view of the degree of danger, sources of waste materials, as well as their circuit in the environment. Hydrogen cyanide, nitrites, nitro compounds, sulfites and sulphates, sulfonic tension-active compounds, peroxydes and hyperoxydes, azo-compounds, organic and inorganic acids of high corrosive potential, and Fe ions were generally the detected pollutants, each of them with specific harmful potential contributing as well in a cumulative effect to endangering human health directly or indirectly as environmental circulating contaminants.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.04
Ajla ALIJAGIC, Emira KAHROVIC, Saida IBRAGIC
This paper describes the combined use of several analytical methods to characterise the painting technology used in two socialist realism portraits of national heroes from World War II that are now housed in the Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Inspection under UV light has shown that there was no previous retouching or overpainting on either painting. Microchemical tests identified the type of canvas. The radiograms indicated whether pigments with lower or higher atomic masses were used and how well the ground was rubbed among the threads of the canvas. A better penetration of the ground into the canvas and layers of oil dye that were applied to both sides of Painting 1 contributed to its better protection against high humidity. TLC revealed the type of ground on both paintings as a classic chalk-glue ground. The high humidity was responsible for the occurrence of metal soaps on Painting 2, which were confirmed by FTIR. The XRF analysis was used to describe the pigment palette, trace the causes of existing damages, and facilitate retouching. The results of this integrated diagnostic approach were used to optimise the conservation and better understand the features and techniques used in the creation of Bosnian socialistic artwork.
{"title":"Analytical Investigation of Two Socialist Realism Portraits Exposed to High Levels of Humidity. Case Studies from the Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Ajla ALIJAGIC, Emira KAHROVIC, Saida IBRAGIC","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the combined use of several analytical methods to characterise the painting technology used in two socialist realism portraits of national heroes from World War II that are now housed in the Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Inspection under UV light has shown that there was no previous retouching or overpainting on either painting. Microchemical tests identified the type of canvas. The radiograms indicated whether pigments with lower or higher atomic masses were used and how well the ground was rubbed among the threads of the canvas. A better penetration of the ground into the canvas and layers of oil dye that were applied to both sides of Painting 1 contributed to its better protection against high humidity. TLC revealed the type of ground on both paintings as a classic chalk-glue ground. The high humidity was responsible for the occurrence of metal soaps on Painting 2, which were confirmed by FTIR. The XRF analysis was used to describe the pigment palette, trace the causes of existing damages, and facilitate retouching. The results of this integrated diagnostic approach were used to optimise the conservation and better understand the features and techniques used in the creation of Bosnian socialistic artwork.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.05
Muhammad Nur Ihsan Ayyasy, Herdis HERDIANSYAH
The Citarum watershed, Indonesia, was notorious for being the most polluted and destroyed in Indonesia. In 2018, the Indonesian Government created a new policy to restore this watershed, named Citarum Harum, by putting together multiple actors to combat watershed degradation, including one unique actor, namely the Indonesian military. This anomaly had created a new pattern and dynamics in watershed restoration. Historically, Indonesia had a peculiar civil-military relationship with the past military government. This creates a unique framework for how actors currently react to military involvement. This article examines these phenomena and elucidates the effectiveness of military involvement in watershed restoration. The study was conducted by the Citarum Harum watershed restoration programme in West Java, Indonesia. This study used in-depth interviews and multi-level stakeholder influence mapping on multiple informants involved in the restoration. The findings indicate a good shift in actor relations that creates improvements in watershed restoration. However, several other conditions also arise from the military's involvement, such as overlapping authorities, incompetency on some technicalities, desynchronization, and a shift in public perception. These problems require some adjustment in the roles of both civil and military personnel in the restoration programme to optimise the military's involvement further.
{"title":"Military in Watershed Restoration: A Multistakeholder Study on the Involvement the Indonesian Military in Citarum River Conservation","authors":"Muhammad Nur Ihsan Ayyasy, Herdis HERDIANSYAH","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"The Citarum watershed, Indonesia, was notorious for being the most polluted and destroyed in Indonesia. In 2018, the Indonesian Government created a new policy to restore this watershed, named Citarum Harum, by putting together multiple actors to combat watershed degradation, including one unique actor, namely the Indonesian military. This anomaly had created a new pattern and dynamics in watershed restoration. Historically, Indonesia had a peculiar civil-military relationship with the past military government. This creates a unique framework for how actors currently react to military involvement. This article examines these phenomena and elucidates the effectiveness of military involvement in watershed restoration. The study was conducted by the Citarum Harum watershed restoration programme in West Java, Indonesia. This study used in-depth interviews and multi-level stakeholder influence mapping on multiple informants involved in the restoration. The findings indicate a good shift in actor relations that creates improvements in watershed restoration. However, several other conditions also arise from the military's involvement, such as overlapping authorities, incompetency on some technicalities, desynchronization, and a shift in public perception. These problems require some adjustment in the roles of both civil and military personnel in the restoration programme to optimise the military's involvement further.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.03
Bianca Boros
The paper discusses two main aspects: incorporating experimental painting in student workshops and presenting results from the Proinvent project for enhancing research excellence. Techniques like collage, decollage, and unconventional material use were explored. The postdoctoral role under the Proinvent project involved lectures and workshops, focusing on acrylic colour use and enriching students' art experiences.
{"title":"Experimental Painting: Research and Conservation","authors":"Bianca Boros","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses two main aspects: incorporating experimental painting in student workshops and presenting results from the Proinvent project for enhancing research excellence. Techniques like collage, decollage, and unconventional material use were explored. The postdoctoral role under the Proinvent project involved lectures and workshops, focusing on acrylic colour use and enriching students' art experiences.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.30
Greta Garcia, David Juanes, Rafael Romero
The cellist and the portrait of Brancusi were painted by Amedeo Modigliani in 1909. This canvas, which is painted on both sides, also contains preliminary studies for two of the most representative works of the artist's early days in Paris. In 2016, the collector Juan Abelló, agreed to conduct a complete image study at different wavelengths (Infrared, Ultraviolet and X-ray) as well as pigment analysis using X-ray fluorescence. The data collected revealed the preparatory drawing made in pencil, another underlying painting, and the use of previously unrecognised pigments in Modigliani’s palette. This valuable information improves our understanding of the painter’s early technique, which has received little attention to date, and thus contributes with critical scientific criteria to detect falsifications.
{"title":"Image Study and Material Characterization of the Two-Sided Painting the Cellist and Portrait of Brancusi by Amedeo Modigliani","authors":"Greta Garcia, David Juanes, Rafael Romero","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.30","url":null,"abstract":"The cellist and the portrait of Brancusi were painted by Amedeo Modigliani in 1909. This canvas, which is painted on both sides, also contains preliminary studies for two of the most representative works of the artist's early days in Paris. In 2016, the collector Juan Abelló, agreed to conduct a complete image study at different wavelengths (Infrared, Ultraviolet and X-ray) as well as pigment analysis using X-ray fluorescence. The data collected revealed the preparatory drawing made in pencil, another underlying painting, and the use of previously unrecognised pigments in Modigliani’s palette. This valuable information improves our understanding of the painter’s early technique, which has received little attention to date, and thus contributes with critical scientific criteria to detect falsifications.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.15
Aneta PAWŁOWSKA, Izabela KREJTZ, Krzysztof KREJTZ, Piotr MILCZARSKI, Daria RUTKOWSKA-SIUDA, Artur HŁOBAŻ, Anna WENDORFF, Adam DROZDOWSKI, Magdalena MILEROWSKA, Norbert BOROWSKI, Andrew DUCHOWSKI
The “Friendly City” Project (FCP) supports the blind and visually impaired (BVI) people to perceive the local architectural heritage in Lodz city in Poland. The multidisciplinary project aims on promoting the accessibility of architectural heritage to the BVI community by adding Audio Descriptions (AD) to 85 public places. The ADs in FCP are guided by insights from an eye tracking study on the perception of architecture by novices and experts, and interviews with BVIs from the Lodz association. The project supports the independence of movement of BVI people in the city center using public transport by installing 200 Bluetooth beacons on city stops and in public places. The beacon devices communicate with smartphones of BVIs and sighted people via a mobile application. The system and applications for FCP are designed with the principles of universal user-centered design. The signals will help BVIs to locate the stop with voice messages about the distance and location.
{"title":"Friendly City. Making Architectural Heritage Accessible","authors":"Aneta PAWŁOWSKA, Izabela KREJTZ, Krzysztof KREJTZ, Piotr MILCZARSKI, Daria RUTKOWSKA-SIUDA, Artur HŁOBAŻ, Anna WENDORFF, Adam DROZDOWSKI, Magdalena MILEROWSKA, Norbert BOROWSKI, Andrew DUCHOWSKI","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.15","url":null,"abstract":"The “Friendly City” Project (FCP) supports the blind and visually impaired (BVI) people to perceive the local architectural heritage in Lodz city in Poland. The multidisciplinary project aims on promoting the accessibility of architectural heritage to the BVI community by adding Audio Descriptions (AD) to 85 public places. The ADs in FCP are guided by insights from an eye tracking study on the perception of architecture by novices and experts, and interviews with BVIs from the Lodz association. The project supports the independence of movement of BVI people in the city center using public transport by installing 200 Bluetooth beacons on city stops and in public places. The beacon devices communicate with smartphones of BVIs and sighted people via a mobile application. The system and applications for FCP are designed with the principles of universal user-centered design. The signals will help BVIs to locate the stop with voice messages about the distance and location.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.24
Regan Leonardus Kaswanto, Muhammad Rasyidul Ilmi, Arifin NURHAYATI
Poor regional spatial planning makes the lack of water catchment functions and green open spaces result in environmental problems, particularly in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia. The solution is to utilise the potential of the Siak River and its historical heritage through waterfront city (WFC) management. Structuring a WFC based on a low-carbon concept can solve environmental problems by significantly reducing carbon emissions. This study aims to inventory, map, and evaluate the condition of the existing landscape, analyse public perceptions, and develop recommendations for a WFC with a low-carbon landscape concept. The methods used are historic urban landscape analysis, spatial analysis with land evaluation, community perception, and the preparation of recommendations. The results showed that the management of historical and cultural heritage is still poor. Based on the evaluation of land suitability, the WFC area has the potential to develop tourism, settlement, conservation, and pond areas with varying degrees of suitability according to the function of the area and several limiting factors. Through public perception, the level of enthusiasm of respondents is very high for applying the low-carbon landscape concept. Recommendations are made with the 15-Minute City Strategy through zoning and management programmes, namely tourism, mixed-use, conservation, and cultural preservation.
{"title":"Waterfront City Management to Realize Low Carbon Landscape in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia","authors":"Regan Leonardus Kaswanto, Muhammad Rasyidul Ilmi, Arifin NURHAYATI","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.24","url":null,"abstract":"Poor regional spatial planning makes the lack of water catchment functions and green open spaces result in environmental problems, particularly in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia. The solution is to utilise the potential of the Siak River and its historical heritage through waterfront city (WFC) management. Structuring a WFC based on a low-carbon concept can solve environmental problems by significantly reducing carbon emissions. This study aims to inventory, map, and evaluate the condition of the existing landscape, analyse public perceptions, and develop recommendations for a WFC with a low-carbon landscape concept. The methods used are historic urban landscape analysis, spatial analysis with land evaluation, community perception, and the preparation of recommendations. The results showed that the management of historical and cultural heritage is still poor. Based on the evaluation of land suitability, the WFC area has the potential to develop tourism, settlement, conservation, and pond areas with varying degrees of suitability according to the function of the area and several limiting factors. Through public perception, the level of enthusiasm of respondents is very high for applying the low-carbon landscape concept. Recommendations are made with the 15-Minute City Strategy through zoning and management programmes, namely tourism, mixed-use, conservation, and cultural preservation.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.09
Cornelia Baera, Aurelian Gruin, Felicia Enache, Bogdan Bolborea, Remus Vasile Chendes, Adrian Ciobanu, Luiza Varga, Ion Sandu, Ofelia Corbu
The main objective of the proposed research is to preserve the vernacular urban heritage of Romania by identifying realistic and innovative solutions for the conceptual and applied capitalization of the traditional technologies used in creating living spaces. This can be achieved by using modern methods, techniques, and tools (such as specific design methods and detailing, material mix design, specific material parameters, etc.) to redesign traditional Romanian housing entities, utilising existing construction materials and techniques predominantly of rural origin, empirically validated over the centuries, and reformatting them with modern scientific knowledge to generate a new model that is valid and compatible with current safety, aesthetic, and quality requirements. Earthen buildings, whether vernacular or constructed with qualified personnel such as craftsmen and traditional masons, use different techniques and construction technologies (rammed and poured, load-bearing walls, adobe bricks, mixed wood-earth structures, etc.) and were developed differently across the Romanian territory, depending on the climatic and relief zoning. By optimising these techniques and technologies, identifying their vulnerabilities and corresponding engineering solutions to counter them, and establishing pertinent fields of applicability in direct relation to their physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics and their evaluated bearing capacity, the conservation of the Romanian traditional housing legacy can be achieved. The opportunity of the proposed research is clearly connected to the current context of almost half of the Romanian population leaving for rural areas, including residential buildings made of earth. Supplementary, traditional building materials, like earth, clay, wood, etc., are based on primary natural resources, and they will generate ecologic housing concepts with a high degree of eco-efficiency in terms of use/re-use and recyclability, energy saving, and the health of the living space, in accordance with the general drive for resource savings and Circular Economy implementation in all fields, including the construction industry.
{"title":"Opportunities Regarding the Innovative Conservation of the Romanian Vernacular Urbanistic Heritage","authors":"Cornelia Baera, Aurelian Gruin, Felicia Enache, Bogdan Bolborea, Remus Vasile Chendes, Adrian Ciobanu, Luiza Varga, Ion Sandu, Ofelia Corbu","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the proposed research is to preserve the vernacular urban heritage of Romania by identifying realistic and innovative solutions for the conceptual and applied capitalization of the traditional technologies used in creating living spaces. This can be achieved by using modern methods, techniques, and tools (such as specific design methods and detailing, material mix design, specific material parameters, etc.) to redesign traditional Romanian housing entities, utilising existing construction materials and techniques predominantly of rural origin, empirically validated over the centuries, and reformatting them with modern scientific knowledge to generate a new model that is valid and compatible with current safety, aesthetic, and quality requirements. Earthen buildings, whether vernacular or constructed with qualified personnel such as craftsmen and traditional masons, use different techniques and construction technologies (rammed and poured, load-bearing walls, adobe bricks, mixed wood-earth structures, etc.) and were developed differently across the Romanian territory, depending on the climatic and relief zoning. By optimising these techniques and technologies, identifying their vulnerabilities and corresponding engineering solutions to counter them, and establishing pertinent fields of applicability in direct relation to their physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics and their evaluated bearing capacity, the conservation of the Romanian traditional housing legacy can be achieved. The opportunity of the proposed research is clearly connected to the current context of almost half of the Romanian population leaving for rural areas, including residential buildings made of earth. Supplementary, traditional building materials, like earth, clay, wood, etc., are based on primary natural resources, and they will generate ecologic housing concepts with a high degree of eco-efficiency in terms of use/re-use and recyclability, energy saving, and the health of the living space, in accordance with the general drive for resource savings and Circular Economy implementation in all fields, including the construction industry.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.22
Anh Phan-Hoang Nguyen, Ngan Hue Dai, Man Van Tran, Tam-Anh Duong Nguyen
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a green technology that allows recovery of electricity from wastes, thus, it can be applied in environmental conservation, natural resource preservation and bioenergy production. As an attempt to efficiently utilize the increasing amount of bamboo wastes as an input for energy production, this study investigated the electricity generation efficiency of a dual-chamber MFC in sugar conversion into electricity using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 and hydrolysates from the acid pretreatment of Bambusa stenostachya Hack.. MFCs were inoculated with PR3, acclimated with glucose then operated with bamboo hydrolysates containing different total reducing sugars as the anolytes. Total sugar consumption of the MFCs for electricity conversion varied from 76.25 to 96.30% after 48 hours of operation in bamboo hydrolysates. Results from electrochemical analysis showed that MFC with 9.0 g/L sugars from bamboo hydrolysates had better electricity production, with the maximum open-circuit voltage of 620 mV, current density of 1092.08 mA/m2 and power density of 91.16 mW/m2. Microbial communities in these MFCs could effectively recover electricity from up to 9.0 g/L reducing sugars in bamboo hydrolysates, preliminarily illustrating the applicability of the MFC technology in natural resource conservation as a way to produce alternative energy sources from the treatment of bamboo-processing wastes.
{"title":"Bioelectricity Generation from Bamboo Hydrolysate by Microbial Fuel Cells Using Pseudomonas Aeruginosa PR3 for Natural Resource Conservation","authors":"Anh Phan-Hoang Nguyen, Ngan Hue Dai, Man Van Tran, Tam-Anh Duong Nguyen","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.22","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a green technology that allows recovery of electricity from wastes, thus, it can be applied in environmental conservation, natural resource preservation and bioenergy production. As an attempt to efficiently utilize the increasing amount of bamboo wastes as an input for energy production, this study investigated the electricity generation efficiency of a dual-chamber MFC in sugar conversion into electricity using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 and hydrolysates from the acid pretreatment of Bambusa stenostachya Hack.. MFCs were inoculated with PR3, acclimated with glucose then operated with bamboo hydrolysates containing different total reducing sugars as the anolytes. Total sugar consumption of the MFCs for electricity conversion varied from 76.25 to 96.30% after 48 hours of operation in bamboo hydrolysates. Results from electrochemical analysis showed that MFC with 9.0 g/L sugars from bamboo hydrolysates had better electricity production, with the maximum open-circuit voltage of 620 mV, current density of 1092.08 mA/m2 and power density of 91.16 mW/m2. Microbial communities in these MFCs could effectively recover electricity from up to 9.0 g/L reducing sugars in bamboo hydrolysates, preliminarily illustrating the applicability of the MFC technology in natural resource conservation as a way to produce alternative energy sources from the treatment of bamboo-processing wastes.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.07
Carmen-Penelopi PAPADATU, Dragos-Bogdan Obreja, Ionut Cristian Adam-Papadatu, Ioan Gabriel Sandu
The original method of manufacturing Damascus steel has been forgotten over time. Due to differences in the raw material used and the manufacturing techniques, some of the current attempts at replicating Damascus steel have failed. The study of Damascus steel provided the opportunity to observe in detail the laborious process of manufacturing this material, which involves the free forging and welding of different layers of steel to obtain a particularly strong and durable final product. To carry out this research, high-quality materials were selected from a catalogue of steels, with a particular focus on achieving the best results. In this case, two types of steel were chosen to create Damascus steel: AISI 1095 and 15N20 steel. Both materials have been selected for their individual properties, such as mechanical resistance and durability, which contribute to the ultimate quality of Damascus steel. This rigorous selection of materials ensured a high-quality and authentic product. Throughout this study, a functional furnace was built capable of contributing to the welding and forging processes of these two different materials. This furnace played a crucial role in obtaining true Damascus steel. By applying a complex process of heating and forging and then repeating this process, the layers of steel were welded together, resulting in a final material that is extremely strong and has a unique aesthetic appearance. Processing and laboratory tests were carried out on the obtained Damascus steel to evaluate its mechanical properties, including the processing of the results using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 and simulation in Ansys 2023.
制造大马士革钢的原始方法已经被遗忘了。由于使用的原材料和制造技术的不同，目前一些复制大马士革钢的尝试都失败了。对大马士革钢的研究提供了详细观察制造这种材料的艰苦过程的机会，其中包括自由锻造和焊接不同层的钢，以获得特别坚固和耐用的最终产品。为了进行这项研究，我们从钢材目录中选择了高质量的材料，并特别注重达到最佳效果。在这种情况下，选择两种类型的钢来创建大马士革钢:AISI 1095和15N20钢。这两种材料都是根据其各自的性能选择的，例如机械阻力和耐久性，这有助于大马士革钢的最终质量。这种严格的材料选择确保了高品质和正宗的产品。在整个研究过程中，建立了一个能够对这两种不同材料的焊接和锻造工艺做出贡献的功能炉。这个熔炉在获得真正的大马士革钢方面起了至关重要的作用。通过采用复杂的加热和锻造工艺，然后重复这一过程，钢层被焊接在一起，从而产生了一种非常坚固且具有独特美学外观的最终材料。对获得的大马士革钢进行了加工和实验室测试，以评估其力学性能，包括使用Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023对结果进行处理，并在Ansys 2023中进行模拟。
{"title":"Learning from the Past: The Reconstruction of the Original Damascus Steel. Experimental Study","authors":"Carmen-Penelopi PAPADATU, Dragos-Bogdan Obreja, Ionut Cristian Adam-Papadatu, Ioan Gabriel Sandu","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"The original method of manufacturing Damascus steel has been forgotten over time. Due to differences in the raw material used and the manufacturing techniques, some of the current attempts at replicating Damascus steel have failed. The study of Damascus steel provided the opportunity to observe in detail the laborious process of manufacturing this material, which involves the free forging and welding of different layers of steel to obtain a particularly strong and durable final product. To carry out this research, high-quality materials were selected from a catalogue of steels, with a particular focus on achieving the best results. In this case, two types of steel were chosen to create Damascus steel: AISI 1095 and 15N20 steel. Both materials have been selected for their individual properties, such as mechanical resistance and durability, which contribute to the ultimate quality of Damascus steel. This rigorous selection of materials ensured a high-quality and authentic product. Throughout this study, a functional furnace was built capable of contributing to the welding and forging processes of these two different materials. This furnace played a crucial role in obtaining true Damascus steel. By applying a complex process of heating and forging and then repeating this process, the layers of steel were welded together, resulting in a final material that is extremely strong and has a unique aesthetic appearance. Processing and laboratory tests were carried out on the obtained Damascus steel to evaluate its mechanical properties, including the processing of the results using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 and simulation in Ansys 2023.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：