Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.21
Vasile Daniel Gherman, Vily Marius Cimpoiasu, Ioana Corina Moga, Radu Popa
Recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS) have increased in preponderance in producing fish and shrimp protein. Yet, the economic sustainability of constraining RAS from negatively impacting aquatic ecosystems remains challenging. The future of RAS agriculture will eventually be settled by the relationship between water treatment costs and the impacts on downstream ecosystems. We present a user-friendly simulator of the costs of the treatment of water from RAS farms. This open-source freeware accounts for consumables and energy needed to protect the fish stock from ammonia and nitrite distress, as well as the cost of effluent treatments for specific nitrogen emission targets. This simulation platform uses information inflows about a RAS farm's layout, filters’ performance, toxicity limits, and operational costs. It monitors the budget of water, ammonium, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate, as well as the cumulative costs of management decisions for controlling nitrogen inorganics. In combination with local environmental regulations, such an assessment is essential for making business projections that correspond with acceptable impacts on downstream ecosystems. This simulator helps determine whether a specific RAS farm is both financially sound and environmentally sustainable. Such analyses are key to constraining pollution in the surrounding ecosystems and contributing to the conservation of biodiversity.
{"title":"Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems by Constraining Nitrogen Pollution through Aquaculture Effluents","authors":"Vasile Daniel Gherman, Vily Marius Cimpoiasu, Ioana Corina Moga, Radu Popa","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.21","url":null,"abstract":"Recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS) have increased in preponderance in producing fish and shrimp protein. Yet, the economic sustainability of constraining RAS from negatively impacting aquatic ecosystems remains challenging. The future of RAS agriculture will eventually be settled by the relationship between water treatment costs and the impacts on downstream ecosystems. We present a user-friendly simulator of the costs of the treatment of water from RAS farms. This open-source freeware accounts for consumables and energy needed to protect the fish stock from ammonia and nitrite distress, as well as the cost of effluent treatments for specific nitrogen emission targets. This simulation platform uses information inflows about a RAS farm's layout, filters’ performance, toxicity limits, and operational costs. It monitors the budget of water, ammonium, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate, as well as the cumulative costs of management decisions for controlling nitrogen inorganics. In combination with local environmental regulations, such an assessment is essential for making business projections that correspond with acceptable impacts on downstream ecosystems. This simulator helps determine whether a specific RAS farm is both financially sound and environmentally sustainable. Such analyses are key to constraining pollution in the surrounding ecosystems and contributing to the conservation of biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.07
Carmen-Penelopi PAPADATU, Dragos-Bogdan Obreja, Ionut Cristian Adam-Papadatu, Ioan Gabriel Sandu
The original method of manufacturing Damascus steel has been forgotten over time. Due to differences in the raw material used and the manufacturing techniques, some of the current attempts at replicating Damascus steel have failed. The study of Damascus steel provided the opportunity to observe in detail the laborious process of manufacturing this material, which involves the free forging and welding of different layers of steel to obtain a particularly strong and durable final product. To carry out this research, high-quality materials were selected from a catalogue of steels, with a particular focus on achieving the best results. In this case, two types of steel were chosen to create Damascus steel: AISI 1095 and 15N20 steel. Both materials have been selected for their individual properties, such as mechanical resistance and durability, which contribute to the ultimate quality of Damascus steel. This rigorous selection of materials ensured a high-quality and authentic product. Throughout this study, a functional furnace was built capable of contributing to the welding and forging processes of these two different materials. This furnace played a crucial role in obtaining true Damascus steel. By applying a complex process of heating and forging and then repeating this process, the layers of steel were welded together, resulting in a final material that is extremely strong and has a unique aesthetic appearance. Processing and laboratory tests were carried out on the obtained Damascus steel to evaluate its mechanical properties, including the processing of the results using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 and simulation in Ansys 2023.
制造大马士革钢的原始方法已经被遗忘了。由于使用的原材料和制造技术的不同，目前一些复制大马士革钢的尝试都失败了。对大马士革钢的研究提供了详细观察制造这种材料的艰苦过程的机会，其中包括自由锻造和焊接不同层的钢，以获得特别坚固和耐用的最终产品。为了进行这项研究，我们从钢材目录中选择了高质量的材料，并特别注重达到最佳效果。在这种情况下，选择两种类型的钢来创建大马士革钢:AISI 1095和15N20钢。这两种材料都是根据其各自的性能选择的，例如机械阻力和耐久性，这有助于大马士革钢的最终质量。这种严格的材料选择确保了高品质和正宗的产品。在整个研究过程中，建立了一个能够对这两种不同材料的焊接和锻造工艺做出贡献的功能炉。这个熔炉在获得真正的大马士革钢方面起了至关重要的作用。通过采用复杂的加热和锻造工艺，然后重复这一过程，钢层被焊接在一起，从而产生了一种非常坚固且具有独特美学外观的最终材料。对获得的大马士革钢进行了加工和实验室测试，以评估其力学性能，包括使用Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023对结果进行处理，并在Ansys 2023中进行模拟。
{"title":"Learning from the Past: The Reconstruction of the Original Damascus Steel. Experimental Study","authors":"Carmen-Penelopi PAPADATU, Dragos-Bogdan Obreja, Ionut Cristian Adam-Papadatu, Ioan Gabriel Sandu","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"The original method of manufacturing Damascus steel has been forgotten over time. Due to differences in the raw material used and the manufacturing techniques, some of the current attempts at replicating Damascus steel have failed. The study of Damascus steel provided the opportunity to observe in detail the laborious process of manufacturing this material, which involves the free forging and welding of different layers of steel to obtain a particularly strong and durable final product. To carry out this research, high-quality materials were selected from a catalogue of steels, with a particular focus on achieving the best results. In this case, two types of steel were chosen to create Damascus steel: AISI 1095 and 15N20 steel. Both materials have been selected for their individual properties, such as mechanical resistance and durability, which contribute to the ultimate quality of Damascus steel. This rigorous selection of materials ensured a high-quality and authentic product. Throughout this study, a functional furnace was built capable of contributing to the welding and forging processes of these two different materials. This furnace played a crucial role in obtaining true Damascus steel. By applying a complex process of heating and forging and then repeating this process, the layers of steel were welded together, resulting in a final material that is extremely strong and has a unique aesthetic appearance. Processing and laboratory tests were carried out on the obtained Damascus steel to evaluate its mechanical properties, including the processing of the results using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 and simulation in Ansys 2023.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.10
Thiago Costa, Adolfo Junior, Lino Meurer, Rafaela da Silva Barbosa, Fabio Richter, Felipe Beirao, Gustavo Amadeu Micke, Samantha Goncalves, Bruno SZPOGANICZ, Mayara Fornari, Tassya T. da Silva Matos, Antonio Mangrich
Materials belonging to the polychromy and gilding of the sculpture ‘Our Lady of Sorrows, which belongs to the collection of a church in Garopaba, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, were analyzed by multiple techniques. The analysis by μ-Raman and FTIR indicated the use of the ultramarine blue pigment, confirmed by EDS, with calcium carbonate observed in the base of preparation. The results show the use of gold leaf based on a gold and silver alloy, and the use of Armenian bole with clay and traces of manganese, as the base for fixing the gold leaf was characterized. GC-MS analysis suggested the use of plant oil in the painting process. Finally, the EPR analysis showed the presence of Fe3+, Mn2+ and organic radicals from the degradation of the binder, suggesting the formation of complexes with the degradation products, this being one of the first reports in this type of painting.
属于多色和镀金的雕塑“Our Lady of Sorrows”的材料，属于巴西南部圣卡塔琳娜州Garopaba的一座教堂的收藏，通过多种技术进行了分析。μ-拉曼光谱和傅里叶红外光谱分析表明，所制备的颜料为深蓝色颜料，能谱仪也证实了所制备的颜料中含有碳酸钙。结果表明，以金银合金为基材的金箔，以及以粘土和微量锰为基材的亚美尼亚孔作为固定金箔的基材具有一定的特点。GC-MS分析表明在喷漆过程中使用了植物油。最后，EPR分析显示粘结剂降解后存在Fe3+， Mn2+和有机自由基，表明与降解产物形成配合物，这是此类涂料的首次报道之一。
{"title":"SEM-FEG-EDS, GC-MS, EPR and Vibrational Spectroscopy Analysis of Materials in Baroque-Style Sculpture “Our Lady of Sorrows” from Garopaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil","authors":"Thiago Costa, Adolfo Junior, Lino Meurer, Rafaela da Silva Barbosa, Fabio Richter, Felipe Beirao, Gustavo Amadeu Micke, Samantha Goncalves, Bruno SZPOGANICZ, Mayara Fornari, Tassya T. da Silva Matos, Antonio Mangrich","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"Materials belonging to the polychromy and gilding of the sculpture ‘Our Lady of Sorrows, which belongs to the collection of a church in Garopaba, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, were analyzed by multiple techniques. The analysis by μ-Raman and FTIR indicated the use of the ultramarine blue pigment, confirmed by EDS, with calcium carbonate observed in the base of preparation. The results show the use of gold leaf based on a gold and silver alloy, and the use of Armenian bole with clay and traces of manganese, as the base for fixing the gold leaf was characterized. GC-MS analysis suggested the use of plant oil in the painting process. Finally, the EPR analysis showed the presence of Fe3+, Mn2+ and organic radicals from the degradation of the binder, suggesting the formation of complexes with the degradation products, this being one of the first reports in this type of painting.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.25
Orathai BOONDAMNOEN, Yolada ISSARASEREE, Nattapan PHONGPALA, Usa SANGWATANAROJ, Mantana OPAPRAKASIT
Oil removal from water has become more important for environment sustainability since there are many cases of oil leakage accidents. Oil spills, whether caused by accidents or other factors, can have devastating effects on aquatic ecosystems and wildlife. To clean up by utilizing green materials, it can mitigate the environmental impact of oil spills and align with the principles of conservation science. Therefore, in this work, an attempt was made to clean oil contamination using rubber foam attached with cotton fabric. The enhancement of hydrophobicity would increase the efficiency of oil removal. The cotton fabric was coated by natural rubber (NR) foam and subsequently treated with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) as hydrophobic agent. The results show the treated NR-coated fabric exhibited excellent oil absorption, oil selectivity and completely removed the oily layer from water. It is because hydrophobic enhancement of cotton fabric and rubber foam surfaces were achieved at 157° and 140°, respectively. The formation of hydrophobic agent with rough surface was revealed by SEM micrographs. From the results, the prepared NR-coated fabric presented an attractive hydrophobic property with simple preparation and high efficiency of oil removal. It could be said that NR-coated fabric is a green material potentially used as a perfect oil-separator to relieve the pollution from oil contamination. Conservationists and researchers can work together to raise awareness about the benefits of using green materials for oil spill cleanup, fostering a sense of environmental stewardship.
{"title":"Green Material From Natural Rubber-Coated Fabric As A Sustainable Solution In Removing Oil From Water","authors":"Orathai BOONDAMNOEN, Yolada ISSARASEREE, Nattapan PHONGPALA, Usa SANGWATANAROJ, Mantana OPAPRAKASIT","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.25","url":null,"abstract":"Oil removal from water has become more important for environment sustainability since there are many cases of oil leakage accidents. Oil spills, whether caused by accidents or other factors, can have devastating effects on aquatic ecosystems and wildlife. To clean up by utilizing green materials, it can mitigate the environmental impact of oil spills and align with the principles of conservation science. Therefore, in this work, an attempt was made to clean oil contamination using rubber foam attached with cotton fabric. The enhancement of hydrophobicity would increase the efficiency of oil removal. The cotton fabric was coated by natural rubber (NR) foam and subsequently treated with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) as hydrophobic agent. The results show the treated NR-coated fabric exhibited excellent oil absorption, oil selectivity and completely removed the oily layer from water. It is because hydrophobic enhancement of cotton fabric and rubber foam surfaces were achieved at 157° and 140°, respectively. The formation of hydrophobic agent with rough surface was revealed by SEM micrographs. From the results, the prepared NR-coated fabric presented an attractive hydrophobic property with simple preparation and high efficiency of oil removal. It could be said that NR-coated fabric is a green material potentially used as a perfect oil-separator to relieve the pollution from oil contamination. Conservationists and researchers can work together to raise awareness about the benefits of using green materials for oil spill cleanup, fostering a sense of environmental stewardship.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.13
Nadjet BENAOUDA, Mohammed Nabil Ouissi, Romeo CARABELLI
"The Regeneration of urban brownfields is currently one of the strategies for densification and urban sustainability. However, as an architectural intervention, it is not an easy task and usually leads to two opposing dilemmas; demolition and/or conservation. This difficulty was observed in the regeneration projects of the colonial military brownfields in the city of Tlemcen, where the actors involved adopted different approaches, some of which damaged the existing architectural heritage and its values. The aim of this article is therefore to analyse the transformation processes of the military brownfields studied and to assess their conservation dimension. The latter is considered to be an indicator that makes it possible, on the one hand, to detect the modality of appropriation of the colonial architectural heritage within the projects analysed and, on the other hand, to assess their sustainability from a heritage perspective. This research was therefore based on the following scientific methods: in-situ observation, historical analysis, comparative analysis and semi-structured interviews. The results obtained for the two main study cases showed that the regeneration of the Bedeau barracks has a higher conservative dimension than that of the African hunter’s barracks and can consequently be considered more sustainable in heritage terms. "
{"title":"The Conservative Dimension in the Regeneration Projects of Military Urban Brownfields: The Case of the Historic City of Tlemcen","authors":"Nadjet BENAOUDA, Mohammed Nabil Ouissi, Romeo CARABELLI","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.13","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Regeneration of urban brownfields is currently one of the strategies for densification and urban sustainability. However, as an architectural intervention, it is not an easy task and usually leads to two opposing dilemmas; demolition and/or conservation. This difficulty was observed in the regeneration projects of the colonial military brownfields in the city of Tlemcen, where the actors involved adopted different approaches, some of which damaged the existing architectural heritage and its values. The aim of this article is therefore to analyse the transformation processes of the military brownfields studied and to assess their conservation dimension. The latter is considered to be an indicator that makes it possible, on the one hand, to detect the modality of appropriation of the colonial architectural heritage within the projects analysed and, on the other hand, to assess their sustainability from a heritage perspective. This research was therefore based on the following scientific methods: in-situ observation, historical analysis, comparative analysis and semi-structured interviews. The results obtained for the two main study cases showed that the regeneration of the Bedeau barracks has a higher conservative dimension than that of the African hunter’s barracks and can consequently be considered more sustainable in heritage terms. \"","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.29
Carolina Barata, Ana Cabral, Maria Aguiar, Laura Castro, Ana Machado, Ana Cardoso, Sara Valadas, Luis Piorro
This paper presents a summary of the results obtained in the first approach ever made to the characterization of the materials and techniques used in the oil painting production by António Carneiro (1872–1930), one of the best portuguese painters in the transition from the 19th to the 20th centuries. A selection of ten oils on canvas belonging to the Municipality of Oporto were analysed using a set of non-invasive techniques: Infrared Reflectography, Ultraviolet Fluorescence Photography, X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results obtained suggest the use of materials and techniques established in Europe at the turn of the century. The palette is composed of Pb, Zn, Hg, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Co-based pigments, associated with both traditional and recently introduced materials. The great missing element is Ti, associated with Titanium White, available on the market since 1918.
{"title":"António Carneiro’s Painting Collection from the Municipality of Oporto. Study and Conservation in the 150th Anniversary of the Painter’s Birth","authors":"Carolina Barata, Ana Cabral, Maria Aguiar, Laura Castro, Ana Machado, Ana Cardoso, Sara Valadas, Luis Piorro","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.29","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a summary of the results obtained in the first approach ever made to the characterization of the materials and techniques used in the oil painting production by António Carneiro (1872–1930), one of the best portuguese painters in the transition from the 19th to the 20th centuries. A selection of ten oils on canvas belonging to the Municipality of Oporto were analysed using a set of non-invasive techniques: Infrared Reflectography, Ultraviolet Fluorescence Photography, X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results obtained suggest the use of materials and techniques established in Europe at the turn of the century. The palette is composed of Pb, Zn, Hg, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Co-based pigments, associated with both traditional and recently introduced materials. The great missing element is Ti, associated with Titanium White, available on the market since 1918.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.31
Keelie Rix, Sara Valadas, Ines Cardoso, Luis Dias, Milene Gil
This paper reports the preliminary diagnostic survey of the six controversial mural paintings painted in 1946–49 at the Maritime Station of Rocha do Conde de Óbidos in Lisbon, considered the artistic epitome of Almada Negreiros mural painting art. Four research questions drove this research: a) What are the main decay phenomena present and their sources? b) Which are the paint layers most affected, and are they linked to a particular pigment? c) Is there any relation between the painting technique used and the deterioration or stability of the paint layers and pigments? And finally, d) Are there differences in the decay phenomena present in both maritime stations of Alcântara? The analytical setup comprised in-situ and laboratory analysis by way of technical photography documentation (TP), handled optical microscopy (h-OM), handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), complemented by optical microscopy of microfragments and cross sections (OM-Vis-UV), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).The first results indicate flaking of the paint layers as the main and most severe deterioration feature present in most of the murals. The yellow ochres, browns, blacks, and light greens are the colours most affected, showing different degrees of loss. The pictorial technique used, the presence and action of soluble salts in the structure, and even the products used as adhesives during past interventions might be the root of this phenomenon.
本文报告了对里斯本Rocha do Conde de Óbidos海事站1946-49年间创作的六幅有争议的壁画的初步诊断调查，这些壁画被认为是Almada Negreiros壁画艺术的艺术缩影。推动这项研究的四个研究问题:a)目前存在的主要衰变现象及其来源是什么?b)哪些涂料层受影响最大，它们是否与特定的颜料有关?c)所使用的涂装技术与涂料层和颜料的变质或稳定性之间是否存在关系?最后，d) alc ntara两个海上站点的衰变现象是否存在差异?分析装置包括现场和实验室分析，通过技术摄影文档(TP)，处理光学显微镜(h-OM)，手持式x射线荧光(XRF)，辅以微碎片和横截面光学显微镜(OM-Vis-UV)， x射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散光谱(SEM-EDS)。第一个结果表明，在大多数壁画中，油漆层剥落是主要和最严重的劣化特征。黄赭石色、棕色、黑色和浅绿色是受影响最严重的颜色，表现出不同程度的损失。所使用的绘画技术，结构中可溶性盐的存在和作用，甚至在过去的干预中用作粘合剂的产品都可能是这种现象的根源。
{"title":"Preliminary Diagnostic Survey of Deteriorated Paint Layers at the Maritime Station of Rocha Do Conde De Óbidos, Lisbon: A Multianalytical Research","authors":"Keelie Rix, Sara Valadas, Ines Cardoso, Luis Dias, Milene Gil","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.31","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the preliminary diagnostic survey of the six controversial mural paintings painted in 1946–49 at the Maritime Station of Rocha do Conde de Óbidos in Lisbon, considered the artistic epitome of Almada Negreiros mural painting art. Four research questions drove this research: a) What are the main decay phenomena present and their sources? b) Which are the paint layers most affected, and are they linked to a particular pigment? c) Is there any relation between the painting technique used and the deterioration or stability of the paint layers and pigments? And finally, d) Are there differences in the decay phenomena present in both maritime stations of Alcântara? The analytical setup comprised in-situ and laboratory analysis by way of technical photography documentation (TP), handled optical microscopy (h-OM), handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), complemented by optical microscopy of microfragments and cross sections (OM-Vis-UV), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).The first results indicate flaking of the paint layers as the main and most severe deterioration feature present in most of the murals. The yellow ochres, browns, blacks, and light greens are the colours most affected, showing different degrees of loss. The pictorial technique used, the presence and action of soluble salts in the structure, and even the products used as adhesives during past interventions might be the root of this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes the work carried out during 2021 – 2022 on the condition survey of building facades in the so-called historical Bessarabian quarter in Kyiv. The purpose of the survey is to identify defects and damage that were acquired during the operation of the facades and can reduce their durability. The following methods were used: visual – when determining the technical condition of structures based on external features; analytical – when assessing the technical condition of the surveyed object, instrumental – when studying the physical and mechanical indicators of structures. Based on the received survey data, recommendations were formulated regarding the facade restoration technology. It is recommended to focus specifically on the method of dismantling the existing decorative layers of the facade and replacing them with new ones. This approach will maximally extend the service life of the facade of the historic building.
{"title":"Condition Survey and Recommendations Regarding the Repair of the Facades of the Historical Building in the Besarabskyi Quarter in Kyiv","authors":"Oleksandr Molodid, Olena Molodid, Ivan MUSIIAKA, Sergii BENDERSKYI, Olena Kazakova, Andrii DMYTRENKO, Przemysław Bigaj","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the work carried out during 2021 – 2022 on the condition survey of building facades in the so-called historical Bessarabian quarter in Kyiv. The purpose of the survey is to identify defects and damage that were acquired during the operation of the facades and can reduce their durability. The following methods were used: visual – when determining the technical condition of structures based on external features; analytical – when assessing the technical condition of the surveyed object, instrumental – when studying the physical and mechanical indicators of structures. Based on the received survey data, recommendations were formulated regarding the facade restoration technology. It is recommended to focus specifically on the method of dismantling the existing decorative layers of the facade and replacing them with new ones. This approach will maximally extend the service life of the facade of the historic building.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The open-closed season approach has not been widely used in fisheries management in Indonesia, including blue swimming crab (BSC) fisheries that created ecological and economic balance. This research aims to illustrate the characteristics of BSC fishers, examine the application of the concept of the open-closed season in blue swimming crab fisheries, and predict the sustainability of fishermen's livelihoods. Data collection was conducted in 2020 and 2022 in four regencies: Rembang, Demak, Cirebon, and Lampung. However, Lampung is excluded in 2022. The primary data were obtained from structured questionnaires sent to 520 fishermen and 63 mini plants and collectors, then analysed by descriptive analysis, Likert scale, and business sustainability index. The findings showed that blue swimming crab fishing characteristics at four research sites showed different conditions. Working as fishermen cannot contribute sufficiently to improving the household economy. The factor influencing the blue swimming crab fishing business is the size of the fishing boats. The open-closed season (OCS) policy is worthy of short-term goals consisting of fishermen's welfare and business justice in business actors and long-term goals, namely the sustainability of blue swimming crabs. Institutional schemes are proposed for the OCS model to maintain the sustainability of resources and businesses.
{"title":"A Concept of Open-Closed Season Approach for Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus) Management on the North Coast of Java","authors":"Achmad Zamroni, Rizki Aprilian WIJAYA, Riesti TRIYANTI, Hakim Miftahul Huda, Widhya Nugroho SATRIOAJIE, Yesi DEWITASARI, Maulana FIRDAUS","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.20","url":null,"abstract":"The open-closed season approach has not been widely used in fisheries management in Indonesia, including blue swimming crab (BSC) fisheries that created ecological and economic balance. This research aims to illustrate the characteristics of BSC fishers, examine the application of the concept of the open-closed season in blue swimming crab fisheries, and predict the sustainability of fishermen's livelihoods. Data collection was conducted in 2020 and 2022 in four regencies: Rembang, Demak, Cirebon, and Lampung. However, Lampung is excluded in 2022. The primary data were obtained from structured questionnaires sent to 520 fishermen and 63 mini plants and collectors, then analysed by descriptive analysis, Likert scale, and business sustainability index. The findings showed that blue swimming crab fishing characteristics at four research sites showed different conditions. Working as fishermen cannot contribute sufficiently to improving the household economy. The factor influencing the blue swimming crab fishing business is the size of the fishing boats. The open-closed season (OCS) policy is worthy of short-term goals consisting of fishermen's welfare and business justice in business actors and long-term goals, namely the sustainability of blue swimming crabs. Institutional schemes are proposed for the OCS model to maintain the sustainability of resources and businesses.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.16
Kristina GARTSIYANOVA, Atanas KITEV
Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources are gaining more and more weight on the world political agenda and are attracting the attention of national governments at the highest level. The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) approach helps to understand the interrelationship between natural resources and human activities such as planning, managing, or consuming water, energy, or agricultural products. The world is currently facing the challenge of providing water, energy, and food for all. Scarce natural resources and the environment are increasingly being exploited, while at the same time the demand for fresh water, agricultural products, and energy increases. In this context, the protection of the quality of the available water resources becomes even more important. The preservation of the quality status of water resources is compromised by excessive exploitation, the introduction of polluting substances of different origins, hydromorphological changes in aquatic habitats, and climate changes. The main aim of this article is to clarify the Water-Energy-Food relationship and determine the current physico-chemical state of Lake Srebarna, which is a protected natural site in Bulgaria, a wetland of international importance, a biosphere reserve, and part of the list of world cultural heritage monuments and natural sights of UNESCO.
{"title":"Local Conservation of Nature Heritage as an Important Component in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus Approach. A Case Study of Srebarna Lake, Bulgaria","authors":"Kristina GARTSIYANOVA, Atanas KITEV","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.16","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources are gaining more and more weight on the world political agenda and are attracting the attention of national governments at the highest level. The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) approach helps to understand the interrelationship between natural resources and human activities such as planning, managing, or consuming water, energy, or agricultural products. The world is currently facing the challenge of providing water, energy, and food for all. Scarce natural resources and the environment are increasingly being exploited, while at the same time the demand for fresh water, agricultural products, and energy increases. In this context, the protection of the quality of the available water resources becomes even more important. The preservation of the quality status of water resources is compromised by excessive exploitation, the introduction of polluting substances of different origins, hydromorphological changes in aquatic habitats, and climate changes. The main aim of this article is to clarify the Water-Energy-Food relationship and determine the current physico-chemical state of Lake Srebarna, which is a protected natural site in Bulgaria, a wetland of international importance, a biosphere reserve, and part of the list of world cultural heritage monuments and natural sights of UNESCO.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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