Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.18
N. S. Abdul Salim, A. Abdul Kadir, N. Mohamed Noor
As the production of sewage sludge waste has increased, sewage sludge disposal has become a critical concern. The increase in sludge waste will have a substantial effect on energy conservation and the environment. From a recycling perspective, the convers
{"title":"Conservation of Natural Resources: Utilization of Sewage Sludge in Brick and its Impact on Gas Emissions and Indoor Air Quality","authors":"N. S. Abdul Salim, A. Abdul Kadir, N. Mohamed Noor","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.18","url":null,"abstract":"As the production of sewage sludge waste has increased, sewage sludge disposal has become a critical concern. The increase in sludge waste will have a substantial effect on energy conservation and the environment. From a recycling perspective, the convers","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46186226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.26
Joann M. Apas, Jenilee U. Cedron, G. A. Garcia, C. Mora-Garcia
Soil deposits in Kinalablaban delta located within a large-scale nickel mining company in Cagdianao, Surigao del Norte, were examined to assess the level of nickel in the soil. The spatial distribution of nickel was determined in the established zones. Th
{"title":"Soil Nickel Concentration in a Delta near a large Scale Mine in Surigao Del Norte, Philippines","authors":"Joann M. Apas, Jenilee U. Cedron, G. A. Garcia, C. Mora-Garcia","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.26","url":null,"abstract":"Soil deposits in Kinalablaban delta located within a large-scale nickel mining company in Cagdianao, Surigao del Norte, were examined to assess the level of nickel in the soil. The spatial distribution of nickel was determined in the established zones. Th","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42947630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.15
Ahmed Elyamani, Ahmad Reda, M. Abdel-hafez, S. Mourad, M. M. Hassan
The paper presents a comprehensive experimental programme aimed at the characterization of the construction materials of the Fatima Khatun Mausoleum in Historic Cairo, built in the 13th century. The mausoleum reached an advanced state of degradation and,
{"title":"Characterization of Construction Materials of the Historic Structures in Historic Cairo: A Case Study","authors":"Ahmed Elyamani, Ahmad Reda, M. Abdel-hafez, S. Mourad, M. M. Hassan","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.15","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a comprehensive experimental programme aimed at the characterization of the construction materials of the Fatima Khatun Mausoleum in Historic Cairo, built in the 13th century. The mausoleum reached an advanced state of degradation and,","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42561849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.03
Loai M. Dabbour
The Minbar of Salah Al-Din is considered a masterpiece of traditional Islamic arts and crafts heritage. It stood in Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem for nearly 800 years until it was burned down completely in 1969. In 1993, King Hussein of Jordan gave instructions to initiate the process of reconstructing the Minbar based on old photos of the original one and small wooden pieces that remained after the fire. The reconstruction job was commissioned in 2002 and finished in 2006 as a replica of the original one. This paper discusses the lessons learned from the reconstruction process through the analysis of geometric principles and features of the design process and construction of the Minbar, towards the rekindling of this artistic heritage. The Minbar geometric patterns are constructed of many interlocking pieces of wood, each carefully carved to fit together like a three-dimensional puzzle. The novel contribution of this study is in the relationship between the geometric construction of the patterns and the Interlock (ta’sheeq) construction methodology. Which will hopefully provide a deeper understanding of the structure of the Minbar, allowing architects and craftsmen to achieve improved control over their new design’s compositions and structure.
Salah Al-Din的Minbar被认为是传统伊斯兰艺术和工艺遗产的杰作。它在耶路撒冷的阿克萨清真寺里矗立了近800年，直到1969年被完全烧毁。1993年，约旦国王侯赛因(King Hussein)指示，以原木杆的旧照片和火灾后留下的小木杆为基础，开始重建木杆的过程。重建工作于2002年开始，并于2006年完成，成为原建筑的复制品。本文通过分析Minbar设计过程和施工过程的几何原理和特点，讨论了从重建过程中吸取的教训，以期重新点燃这一艺术遗产。Minbar的几何图案由许多互锁的木块构成，每一块都经过精心雕刻，像一个三维拼图一样组合在一起。本研究的新贡献在于图案的几何构造与互锁(ta’sheeq)构造方法的关系。这将使人们对Minbar的结构有更深入的了解，使建筑师和工匠能够更好地控制他们的新设计的组成和结构。
{"title":"Learning From the Past: The Reconstruction of the Minbar of Salah Al-Din in Al-Aqsa Mosque","authors":"Loai M. Dabbour","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Minbar of Salah Al-Din is considered a masterpiece of traditional Islamic arts and crafts heritage. It stood in Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem for nearly 800 years until it was burned down completely in 1969. In 1993, King Hussein of Jordan gave instructions to initiate the process of reconstructing the Minbar based on old photos of the original one and small wooden pieces that remained after the fire. The reconstruction job was commissioned in 2002 and finished in 2006 as a replica of the original one. This paper discusses the lessons learned from the reconstruction process through the analysis of geometric principles and features of the design process and construction of the Minbar, towards the rekindling of this artistic heritage. The Minbar geometric patterns are constructed of many interlocking pieces of wood, each carefully carved to fit together like a three-dimensional puzzle. The novel contribution of this study is in the relationship between the geometric construction of the patterns and the Interlock (ta’sheeq) construction methodology. Which will hopefully provide a deeper understanding of the structure of the Minbar, allowing architects and craftsmen to achieve improved control over their new design’s compositions and structure.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44246381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.01
Aranda Calió dos Reys, E. A. Del Lama
Due to its resistance and durability, stone is the material most used in construction by humanity. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of urine on granites. Accelerated alteration tests were performed on Grey Itaquera, Pink Itupeva, and Black Piracaia granites – stones from the São Paulo State, Brazil, which were widely used in the historical built heritage of the São Paulo state. The test was performed with 30 cycles of partial immersion of nine samples in artificial urine solution and the sanitising of the specimens, totalling 60 consecutive days of testing. In the first 24 hours, the samples were partially immersed in urine; in the following 24 hours, the samples were sanitised in three different groups: A) without washing; B) washing with natural water; C) washing with a 5:1 solution of natural water with bleach. The alterations induced in the specimens were evaluated by spectrophotometry, P-wave velocity, and scanning electron microscopy. The main results obtained were chromatic alterations and crystallisation of salts on the three types of granite. The study concluded that urine is a substance that can cause moderate alterations in the aesthetics and structure of granitic stones.
{"title":"Action of Urine on Stone-Built Heritage","authors":"Aranda Calió dos Reys, E. A. Del Lama","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its resistance and durability, stone is the material most used in construction by humanity. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of urine on granites. Accelerated alteration tests were performed on Grey Itaquera, Pink Itupeva, and Black Piracaia granites – stones from the São Paulo State, Brazil, which were widely used in the historical built heritage of the São Paulo state. The test was performed with 30 cycles of partial immersion of nine samples in artificial urine solution and the sanitising of the specimens, totalling 60 consecutive days of testing. In the first 24 hours, the samples were partially immersed in urine; in the following 24 hours, the samples were sanitised in three different groups: A) without washing; B) washing with natural water; C) washing with a 5:1 solution of natural water with bleach. The alterations induced in the specimens were evaluated by spectrophotometry, P-wave velocity, and scanning electron microscopy. The main results obtained were chromatic alterations and crystallisation of salts on the three types of granite. The study concluded that urine is a substance that can cause moderate alterations in the aesthetics and structure of granitic stones.","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49405580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.06
Xiaoyue Wang, Jianghua Wang, Jing Wang, Yue Tang
To better protect architectural heritage along the Maritime Silk Road, this paper selected Minledou wharf as the research object, field surveys and mapping were carried out; infrared thermal imager photography was conducted, and peeling granite stone samp
{"title":"Analysis on the Damage and Weathering Cause of Architectural Heritage Along the Maritime Silk Road: A Case Study of Minledou Wharf","authors":"Xiaoyue Wang, Jianghua Wang, Jing Wang, Yue Tang","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"To better protect architectural heritage along the Maritime Silk Road, this paper selected Minledou wharf as the research object, field surveys and mapping were carried out; infrared thermal imager photography was conducted, and peeling granite stone samp","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47587815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.12
Y. Ivashko, Denys Mykhailovskyi, V. Tovbych, J. Kobylarczyk, Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa, A. Dmytrenko, Yuliia Kharaborska, A. Sandu
The article is devoted to the actual problem of reconstruction and repurposing of warravaged industrial territories in the East of Ukraine. Given that these are industrial areas, the revitalization experience of recent years was analyzed using the example
{"title":"Problems of Plants Revitalization in the East of Ukraine After the War","authors":"Y. Ivashko, Denys Mykhailovskyi, V. Tovbych, J. Kobylarczyk, Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa, A. Dmytrenko, Yuliia Kharaborska, A. Sandu","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the actual problem of reconstruction and repurposing of warravaged industrial territories in the East of Ukraine. Given that these are industrial areas, the revitalization experience of recent years was analyzed using the example","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46586015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.22
Nur Rahimah Ibrahim, Razi Ahmad, W. W. Wan Ahmad, Vijean Vikneswaran, R. Santiagoo, S. A. Mohammed, Amrie Fadzrul Khalid, A. Y. Ani
In recent years, palm kernel shell (PKS) has become a viable feedstock for making biofuels and value-added commodities using a variety of thermal conversion routes. Therefore, significant conservation is required for PKS as a resource for fuel production
{"title":"Bio-Char And Bio-Oil Production From Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell And Polyethylene","authors":"Nur Rahimah Ibrahim, Razi Ahmad, W. W. Wan Ahmad, Vijean Vikneswaran, R. Santiagoo, S. A. Mohammed, Amrie Fadzrul Khalid, A. Y. Ani","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.22","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, palm kernel shell (PKS) has become a viable feedstock for making biofuels and value-added commodities using a variety of thermal conversion routes. Therefore, significant conservation is required for PKS as a resource for fuel production","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42219822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.21
Maulana Firdaus, K. Hatanaka, R. Miyaura, Masaaki Wada, N. Shimoguchi, R. Saville, A. Zamroni, R. A. Wijaya, Hakim Miftakhul Huda, R. Triyanti, T. Apriliani, R. Pramoda
Mariculture is a profitable industry in Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia in general. The annual outputs of Indonesia's mariculture have been ranked among the tops worldwide. However, unsustainable issues are the main challenges to developin
{"title":"Key Factors of Sustainable Mariculture Enterprises in Indonesia: Finfish Mariculture Cases From Stakeholder Perspective","authors":"Maulana Firdaus, K. Hatanaka, R. Miyaura, Masaaki Wada, N. Shimoguchi, R. Saville, A. Zamroni, R. A. Wijaya, Hakim Miftakhul Huda, R. Triyanti, T. Apriliani, R. Pramoda","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.21","url":null,"abstract":"Mariculture is a profitable industry in Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia in general. The annual outputs of Indonesia's mariculture have been ranked among the tops worldwide. However, unsustainable issues are the main challenges to developin","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49181638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.17
D. Metusala, Trimanto, L. Mukaromah, D. Lestari, Fauziah, S. Mas’udah, M. Habibi, Ari Swastikawati, Albertus Widyo Purwoko
The Borobudur complex temple constitutes an architectural masterpiece representing the nature of Buddhist symbols and their natural surroundings. Vegetation around the temple, especially the trees grown in the inner part of zone 1, plays a very important
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Various Trees Grown in the Inner Part of First Zone to the Preservation of Borobudur Temple","authors":"D. Metusala, Trimanto, L. Mukaromah, D. Lestari, Fauziah, S. Mas’udah, M. Habibi, Ari Swastikawati, Albertus Widyo Purwoko","doi":"10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.02.17","url":null,"abstract":"The Borobudur complex temple constitutes an architectural masterpiece representing the nature of Buddhist symbols and their natural surroundings. Vegetation around the temple, especially the trees grown in the inner part of zone 1, plays a very important","PeriodicalId":45840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conservation Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44838775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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