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Bullshit (Sometimes) Makes the Art (Slightly) More Attractive: A Field Study in Gallery-Goers 废话(有时)让艺术(略微)更具吸引力:画廊观众实地研究
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/02762374241237981
Arkadiusz Urbanek, Anna Borkowska, Wojciech Milczarski, Jarosław Zagrobelny, Jerzy Luty, Michał Białek
Vague, impressive language used in descriptions (bullshit) is thought to make art seem more profound and valuable to the viewer. We studied the effect during art exhibitions in real-life gallery-goers who saw paintings of four artists, each with either simplified, neutral, or bullshitty description. We crafted a typical description of each painting, which we later manipulated in terms of language. A simplified description was modified to be concrete and simplistic, while a bullshitty one was very abstract and vague. After analyzing over 1500 ratings, we found the expressive language of descriptions had a negligible effect on the perceived quality and monetary value of art ( R2 marginal ≤ 1%). We conclude that, at least for experienced gallery-goers, the description accompanying a painting has little influence, and the art speaks for itself.
人们认为,在描述中使用含糊不清、令人印象深刻的语言(废话)会使艺术品对观众而言显得更深刻、更有价值。我们研究了在艺术展览期间,现实生活中的画廊参观者在看到四位艺术家的画作时产生的效果,每幅画作都有简化、中性或废话式的描述。我们为每幅画精心制作了一个典型的描述,随后对其进行了语言处理。简化的描述被修改得具体而简单,而废话连篇的描述则非常抽象和模糊。在对超过 1500 个评分进行分析后,我们发现描述语言的表现力对艺术品的感知质量和货币价值的影响微乎其微(R2 边际 ≤ 1%)。我们的结论是,至少对于有经验的画廊参观者来说,画作的附带说明影响甚微,艺术本身会说话。
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引用次数: 0
Some Effects of Sex and Culture on Creativity, No Effect of Incubation 性别和文化对创造力的一些影响,孵化无影响
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/02762374231217638
Nastaran Kazemian, Khatereh Borhani, Soroosh Golbabaei, Julia F. Christensen
Results remain mixed regarding the effects of incubation tasks on divergent thinking, a type of creativity, generally assessed via the Unusual Uses Task (UUT). Using a within-subjects design, we compared 64 participants’ performance on the UUT, after four different incubation tasks: copy a simple painting, copy a complex painting, 0-back-task, and rest. We hypothesized that an arts-related activity during incubation (here: copy a painting) would boost subsequent creativity. Five different creativity scores were computed from the raw UUT data, and we provide a step-by-step guide for how to compute these: fluency, flexibility, originality, subjective creativity, and usefulness. Creativity was only modulated by sex; women outperformed men on creative fluency. No other variables, nor the incubations, modulated any of participants’ creativity scores. A within-group comparison showed that the unusual uses of our all-Iranian participants were more useful than unique, echoing previous work suggesting differences between Eastern and Western conceptions of creativity.
关于培养任务对发散思维(一种创造力,通常通过 "不寻常用途任务"(UUT)进行评估)的影响,研究结果仍然不一。我们采用被试内设计,比较了 64 名参与者在完成四项不同的培养任务(临摹一幅简单的画、临摹一幅复杂的画、0-back-task 和休息)后在 UUT 上的表现。我们假设,在熏陶期间进行与艺术相关的活动(这里指的是临摹一幅画)会提高随后的创造力。我们根据 UUT 原始数据计算出了五种不同的创造力得分,并提供了计算这些得分的步骤指南:流畅性、灵活性、独创性、主观创造力和实用性。创造力只受性别影响;女性在创造力的流畅性方面优于男性。其他变量和 "孵化 "均不影响参与者的创造力得分。组内比较显示,我们所有伊朗参与者的不寻常用途更有用而非独特,这与之前的研究结果一致,表明东西方对创造力的概念存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
A Phenomenological Microgenesis of Art Experience: A Qualitative Study of Zero Mass by Eric Orr 艺术体验的微观现象学:埃里克-奥尔对《零质量》的定性研究
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/02762374241230911
B. S. Funch, Stella Theodoraki
The aim of this study is to provide a phenomenological description of the art experience and by doing so, explaining why art is generally associated with an emotional response, but talked about in cognitive terms. The study is based on a microgenetic experiment in which the informants, prior to an interview, encounter a work of art by the American artist Eric Orr. The work consists of a pitch-black space and provides optimal conditions for a microgenetic study with an actual work of art, not a reproduction, which are typically used in microgenetic studies. The study shows a microgenesis in which pure sensation gives rise to an emotional response without any cognitive inference, and only after the emotional response, cognitive functions such as exploration, contextualization, and comprehension take over in the order mentioned.
本研究的目的是对艺术体验进行现象学描述,从而解释为什么艺术通常与情感反应相关联,但却用认知术语来谈论。这项研究基于一项微观遗传学实验,在该实验中,受访者在接受访谈之前会遇到美国艺术家埃里克-奥尔(Eric Orr)的一件艺术作品。这件作品由一个漆黑的空间组成,为使用一件真实的艺术品进行微遗传学研究提供了最佳条件,而不是微遗传学研究通常使用的复制品。研究显示,在微观遗传学中,纯粹的感觉会引起情绪反应,而不需要任何认知推理,只有在情绪反应之后,认知功能(如探索、语境化和理解)才会按照上述顺序接替。
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引用次数: 0
A Phenomenological Microgenesis of Art Experience: A Qualitative Study of Zero Mass by Eric Orr 艺术体验的微观现象学:埃里克-奥尔对《零质量》的定性研究
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/02762374241230911
B. S. Funch, Stella Theodoraki
The aim of this study is to provide a phenomenological description of the art experience and by doing so, explaining why art is generally associated with an emotional response, but talked about in cognitive terms. The study is based on a microgenetic experiment in which the informants, prior to an interview, encounter a work of art by the American artist Eric Orr. The work consists of a pitch-black space and provides optimal conditions for a microgenetic study with an actual work of art, not a reproduction, which are typically used in microgenetic studies. The study shows a microgenesis in which pure sensation gives rise to an emotional response without any cognitive inference, and only after the emotional response, cognitive functions such as exploration, contextualization, and comprehension take over in the order mentioned.
本研究的目的是对艺术体验进行现象学描述,从而解释为什么艺术通常与情感反应相关联,但却用认知术语来谈论。这项研究基于一项微观遗传学实验,在该实验中,受访者在接受访谈之前会遇到美国艺术家埃里克-奥尔(Eric Orr)的一件艺术作品。这件作品由一个漆黑的空间组成,为使用一件真实的艺术品进行微遗传学研究提供了最佳条件,而不是微遗传学研究通常使用的复制品。研究显示,在微观遗传学中,纯粹的感觉会引起情绪反应,而不需要任何认知推理,只有在情绪反应之后,认知功能(如探索、语境化和理解)才会按照上述顺序接替。
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引用次数: 0
Can Virtual Art Touch Your Heart?—The Impact of Virtual Reality Art on Affect Considering Individual Characteristics and Aesthetic Experiences 虚拟艺术能否触动你的心灵?--考虑到个人特征和审美体验的虚拟现实艺术对情感的影响
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/02762374231221920
K. Gotthardt, Katrin Rakoczy, Miles Tallon, Matthias Seitz, Ulrich Frick
Since the dawn of digital art, discourse regarding its potential persists. This research investigates how a virtual reality (VR) art gallery impacts positive and negative affect, examining the influences of aesthetic experiences and individual characteristics. It explores the connection between measures of aesthetic experiences (self-assessed, heart rate, and heart rate variability) and how gender influences this relationship. Digital art's beneficial effect is indicated by decreased negative affect after visiting the VR gallery, potentially influencing mental wellbeing. Individual characteristics influence this impact on affect after the VR experience, especially openness to experience and affect before the visit, mediated by aesthetic experience, and expertise mediated by heart rate. The findings highlight the potential impact of gender on subjective interpretations of physiological responses in the VR environment. Specifically, women tend to attribute heightened heart rate, a sign of arousal, while men associate increased heart rate variability, a sign of relaxation, to positive experiences in the VR.
自数字艺术诞生以来,有关其潜力的讨论就一直没有停止过。本研究调查了虚拟现实(VR)艺术画廊如何影响积极和消极情绪,研究了审美体验和个人特征的影响。它探讨了审美体验测量(自我评估、心率和心率变异性)之间的联系,以及性别如何影响这种关系。参观虚拟现实画廊后,负面情绪的减少表明了数字艺术的有益影响,这可能会对心理健康产生影响。个人特征会影响 VR 体验后对情绪的影响,尤其是参观前对体验和情绪的开放性(以审美体验为中介)和专业知识(以心率为中介)。研究结果强调了性别对 VR 环境中生理反应的主观解释的潜在影响。具体来说,女性倾向于将唤醒的标志--心率加快归因于在 VR 中的积极体验,而男性则将放松的标志--心率变异性增加归因于在 VR 中的积极体验。
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引用次数: 0
Preference for Harmony: A Preference for Structural Simplicity, Familiarity, or Both? 偏好和谐:偏好结构简单、熟悉,还是两者兼有?
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1177/02762374231216033
Sijia E. Song, Douglas A. Kowalewski, Ronald S. Friedman
The preference for harmony (PfH) has been posited to represent an individual difference in the preference for stimuli that are relatively simple, regular, and/or harmonious. We tested whether variations in PfH may also reflect the extent to which individuals prefer stimuli that are more familiar, irrespective of their structural features. To this end, we examined the association between PfH and two behavioral measures of the preference for familiarity, one based on individual differences in the strength of the mere-exposure effect and the other based on preferences for musical chords that appear more versus less frequently within Western musical corpora. Our results showed modest but reliable positive correlations between PfH and both measures. These findings qualify the original interpretation of PfH by suggesting that it at least partially reflects a predilection for stimuli that are more familiar, not just structurally simpler, more regular, and/or more harmonious.
和谐偏好(PfH)被认为代表了个体对相对简单、规则和/或和谐的刺激物的偏好差异。我们测试了 PfH 的变化是否也反映了个体对更熟悉的刺激物的偏好程度,而不论其结构特征如何。为此,我们研究了 PfH 与两种偏好熟悉程度的行为测量之间的关联,一种是基于单纯暴露效应强度的个体差异,另一种是基于对西方音乐语料中出现频率较高或较低的和弦的偏好。我们的研究结果表明,PfH 与这两种测量结果之间存在适度但可靠的正相关。这些研究结果表明,PfH 至少部分反映了人们对更熟悉的刺激物的偏好,而不仅仅是结构上更简单、更规则和/或更和谐的刺激物。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of an Art Intervention Program Using Ambiguous Image-Text Interactions on Creative Thinking 使用模糊图像与文字互动的艺术干预计划对创造性思维的影响
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-19 DOI: 10.1177/02762374231215736
Vered Heruti, N. Mashal
This study examined whether creative thinking improves by utilizing an intervention program based on three types of ambiguous image-text interactions within artwork: (1) ambiguous text, (2) negation, and (3) semantically unrelated image-text. Participants (79) were divided into three groups: “ambiguous-negation-unrelated” group exposed to stimuli 1 + 2 + 3, “ambiguous-unrelated” group exposed to stimuli 1 + 3, and the control group unexposed to any intervention. The metaphor generation test (MGT) and Tel-Aviv creative test (TACT) were given pre- and post-intervention. The results showed the “ambiguous-negation-unrelated” intervention group scored higher on the TACT post-intervention, as compared to pre-intervention, a finding not observed among the “ambiguous-unrelated” and control groups. Furthermore, both art intervention groups generated more utterances overall (literal, conventional, and novel metaphors) in the MGT post-intervention, as compared to pre-intervention. These outcomes suggest this artwork intervention that utilized ambiguous image-text interactions and included theoretical discussion and reflective analysis can enhance divergent thinking.
本研究根据艺术作品中三种模棱两可的图像-文本互动类型:(1)模棱两可的文本;(2)否定;(3)语义无关的图像-文本,研究了利用干预计划是否能提高创造性思维。参与者(79 人)被分为三组:"模棱两可-否定-不相关 "组接触刺激 1 + 2 + 3,"模棱两可-不相关 "组接触刺激 1 + 3,对照组未接触任何干预措施。隐喻生成测试(MGT)和特拉维夫创意测试(TACT)分别在干预前后进行。结果显示,与干预前相比,"模棱两可-否定-无关 "干预组在干预后的 TACT 测试中得分更高,而 "模棱两可-无关 "组和对照组没有观察到这一结果。此外,与干预前相比,两个艺术干预组在干预后的 MGT 中都产生了更多的话语(字面隐喻、传统隐喻和新颖隐喻)。这些结果表明,这种利用模糊图像与文本互动、包含理论讨论和反思分析的艺术作品干预可以提高发散性思维。
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引用次数: 0
Oscars won by the Best Picture of the Year: An Empirical Analysis Across the History of Academy Awards (1929–2023) 奥斯卡获得年度最佳影片:奥斯卡金像奖历史的实证分析(1929-2023)
4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1177/02762374231212136
Miguel Saraiva
Since 1929, 95 films have been crowned the Best Picture of the Year. Scholars and cinephiles yearly debate their merits and the legitimacy of one winning over the other, and extensive coverage is given by the media to the spectacle itself. But research is generally restricted to prediction models, or correlations with the winners’ demographic variables. There have been few historical studies on the evolution of the concept of Best Picture throughout the ceremonies, measured through the number of nominations and Oscars won in the various categories. Using descriptive statistics and cluster analysis, this article traces that history, showing that such concept has changed with the decades, although it has a relatively cyclic nature. Today, the Best Picture is no longer the most nominated or awarded, and has a diminishing association to Best Director and technical categories. Instead, it is more thematically conscious (Best Screenplay), and favors actresses and supporting players.
自1929年以来,有95部电影获得了年度最佳影片的桂冠。学者和电影爱好者每年都在争论它们的优点和其中一个胜过另一个的合法性,媒体也对这一奇观本身进行了广泛的报道。但研究通常仅限于预测模型,或与获胜者人口变量的相关性。在整个颁奖典礼中,很少有关于最佳影片概念演变的历史研究,通过各种奖项的提名数量和奥斯卡获奖数量来衡量。使用描述性统计和聚类分析,本文追溯了这段历史,表明这种概念随着几十年的变化而变化,尽管它具有相对循环的性质。如今,最佳影片不再是提名或获奖最多的奖项,与最佳导演和最佳技术奖项的联系也越来越少。相反,它更注重主题(最佳剧本),并青睐女演员和配角。
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引用次数: 0
Emotion, Language and Aesthetic Expression: On Motherwell and His Art 情感、语言与审美表达——论马瑟韦尔及其艺术
4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/02762374231208320
Anjan Chatterjee
Robert Motherwell is regarded as one of the great American abstract expressionists. He was highly intelligent and articulate about his art. In this essay, I explore the thesis that the ability to make fine category discriminations, which can be indexed by language, is necessary to produce great art. I argue that Motherwell might not have been as great an artist if he were not so articulate. Relying on a constructivist view, I argue that fine-grained categories of human emotions can be represented in language; language carves out affective space in a way that makes these states explicit and easier to communicate. Ineffability in art implies exhausting the effable. Being articulate about emotions allows one to reach for higher states of ineffability and aspire to great art.
罗伯特·马瑟韦尔被认为是美国最伟大的抽象表现主义画家之一。他非常聪明,善于表达自己的艺术。在这篇文章中,我探讨了这样一个论点,即能够通过语言进行精细的类别区分,是创作伟大艺术所必需的。我认为,如果马瑟韦尔不是如此善于表达,他可能不会是一位伟大的艺术家。基于建构主义的观点,我认为人类情感的细粒度分类可以用语言表现出来;语言以一种使这些状态更明确、更容易交流的方式划分出情感空间。艺术的不可言说意味着穷尽可言说之物。清晰地表达情感可以让一个人达到更高的不可言喻的状态,并渴望伟大的艺术。
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引用次数: 0
Does Dance Expertise Enhance Sensitivity? A Comparative Study 舞蹈专业知识能提高敏感度吗?比较研究
4区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/02762374231206720
Anna Izountouemoi, Francisco Esteves
The overall aim was to study the impact of dance expertise in relation to emotional expressivity and emotional sensitivity, by comparing dance experts and nonexperts. The results are based on a survey answered by 120 individuals, consisting of the Berkeley Emotional Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ) and the Emotional Sensitivity Questionnaire (ESS). Dance experts in comparison to nonexperts scored higher on ESS, more specifically, other-directed sensitivity, that is, the positive interpersonal sensitivity subscale. No significant differences were obtained on negative egocentric sensitivity, the other subscale of ESS, and neither regarding emotional expressivity. However, it was found that those with more frequent dance habits scored higher on the Impulse Strength subscale of the BEQ. Our findings point out the relationship between dance and our ability to perceive emotions, which could have interesting educational and clinical implications. Lastly, we discuss current and future perspectives on the topic.
总体目的是通过比较舞蹈专家和非专家,研究舞蹈专业知识对情感表现力和情感敏感性的影响。该结果是基于对120名个体的调查,包括伯克利情绪表达能力问卷(BEQ)和情绪敏感性问卷(ESS)。与非专家相比,舞蹈专家在ESS上得分更高,更具体地说,是他人导向敏感性,也就是积极的人际敏感性子量表。消极自我中心敏感性(ESS的另一个分量表)和情绪表达性(ESS的另一个分量表)均无显著差异。然而,研究发现,那些经常跳舞的人在BEQ的冲动强度分量表上得分更高。我们的发现指出了舞蹈和我们感知情绪的能力之间的关系,这可能具有有趣的教育和临床意义。最后,我们讨论了当前和未来对该主题的看法。
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引用次数: 0
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Empirical Studies of the Arts
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