Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2138985
Mark D. Reed
ABSTRACT The death notification is regarded as one of the most defining events for families of sudden and unexpected death. Little is known how the death notification process impacts families who have lost a loved one to homicide. Using the focus group methodology, this study depicts the death notification process through the eyes of homicide co-victims and examines the patterned aspects of the notifiers’ association with co-victims as their relationships and contacts unfold across three critical phases of death notification: initiating contact with co-victims, delivering the notice, and providing assistance and referral to co-victims. Of particular interest is retelling personal accounts of secondary victimization that homicide co-victims experience during the death notification process and how they responded to such experiences. The paper concludes by discussing ways to improve death notification protocols and training guidelines and providing direction for future policy and practice.
{"title":"The administration of death notifications in murder cases: retelling the secondary victimization experiences of homicide co-victims","authors":"Mark D. Reed","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2138985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2138985","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The death notification is regarded as one of the most defining events for families of sudden and unexpected death. Little is known how the death notification process impacts families who have lost a loved one to homicide. Using the focus group methodology, this study depicts the death notification process through the eyes of homicide co-victims and examines the patterned aspects of the notifiers’ association with co-victims as their relationships and contacts unfold across three critical phases of death notification: initiating contact with co-victims, delivering the notice, and providing assistance and referral to co-victims. Of particular interest is retelling personal accounts of secondary victimization that homicide co-victims experience during the death notification process and how they responded to such experiences. The paper concludes by discussing ways to improve death notification protocols and training guidelines and providing direction for future policy and practice.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45854564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2120872
K. Farr
ABSTRACT Since the death penalty was reinstated in the U. S. in 1976, 33 women have been sentenced to die for maternal filicide. In order to identify factors that elevate the risk that a given maternal filicide will result in a death sentence outcome, data were collected on the death-sentenced cases and compared to research findings on the general maternal filicide population overall. Because the focus of the study was on the salience of particular claims to juries’ and judges’ punishment decisions, the principal sources of data were court transcripts and reports referring to them. Findings indicated that the death-sentenced women had a lower rate of serious mental illness, higher rates of murder perpetrated by cumulative abuse and motivated by revenge or financial gain, and of victims over age one.
{"title":"Maternal filicide: risk factors for a death penalty outcome","authors":"K. Farr","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2120872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2120872","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the death penalty was reinstated in the U. S. in 1976, 33 women have been sentenced to die for maternal filicide. In order to identify factors that elevate the risk that a given maternal filicide will result in a death sentence outcome, data were collected on the death-sentenced cases and compared to research findings on the general maternal filicide population overall. Because the focus of the study was on the salience of particular claims to juries’ and judges’ punishment decisions, the principal sources of data were court transcripts and reports referring to them. Findings indicated that the death-sentenced women had a lower rate of serious mental illness, higher rates of murder perpetrated by cumulative abuse and motivated by revenge or financial gain, and of victims over age one.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47819340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2116791
Michael Heise
ABSTRACT Existing research on distributional concerns arising out of the police-initiated traffic stop context and its outcomes typically focuses on drivers’ race and gender. Broadening this research focus permits more granular analyses of how key police officer and driver pairings interact. Emerging research implies that if Black and non-white drivers are disadvantaged in traffic stop outcomes owing to racial animus, this disadvantage should be especially acute when the police officer is white. Likewise, if gender stereotypes contribute an advantage to female drivers, this advantage should be particularly evident when the officer is male. To assess these hypotheses, this study analyzes data from the 2015 Police-Public Contact Survey (‘PPCS’) and estimates logit models to examine the impact of key police officer and driver race and gender pairings on police-initiated traffic stop outcomes. Despite focusing on police/driver race and gender pairings where expectations for evidence of systematic bias are at their highest, results from this study indicate that none of the three pairings achieves statistical significance. The findings emphasize that prevailing conventional wisdoms regarding key police/driver race and gender pairings in the police-initiated traffic stop context do not find direct empirical support from the null results in this study.
{"title":"‘Driving while black’ (or female) as a function of policing while white (or male)","authors":"Michael Heise","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2116791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2116791","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Existing research on distributional concerns arising out of the police-initiated traffic stop context and its outcomes typically focuses on drivers’ race and gender. Broadening this research focus permits more granular analyses of how key police officer and driver pairings interact. Emerging research implies that if Black and non-white drivers are disadvantaged in traffic stop outcomes owing to racial animus, this disadvantage should be especially acute when the police officer is white. Likewise, if gender stereotypes contribute an advantage to female drivers, this advantage should be particularly evident when the officer is male. To assess these hypotheses, this study analyzes data from the 2015 Police-Public Contact Survey (‘PPCS’) and estimates logit models to examine the impact of key police officer and driver race and gender pairings on police-initiated traffic stop outcomes. Despite focusing on police/driver race and gender pairings where expectations for evidence of systematic bias are at their highest, results from this study indicate that none of the three pairings achieves statistical significance. The findings emphasize that prevailing conventional wisdoms regarding key police/driver race and gender pairings in the police-initiated traffic stop context do not find direct empirical support from the null results in this study.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43627522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2115487
E. Lambert, Hanif Qureshi, Mia Abboud Holbrook, James Frank, Chelsea Hines
ABSTRACT Correctional institutions are manpower-intensive organizations, and organizational commitment is important for their successful functioning. This study uses the job demands model to examine effect of workplace variables on organizational commitment. Using a sample of 163 correctional officers from a prison in Haryana State, India, we find that job demands (fear of being hurt and work and role overload) have no significant effect of organizational commitment. All four components of job resources (instrumental communication, job autonomy, quality of supervision, and job variety) were found to be positively and significantly associated with organizational commitment. The study highlights the importance of adequate knowledge of job resources in trying to raise the affective commitment of correctional officers.
{"title":"Testing the job demands-resources model for organizational commitment among Indian correctional officers","authors":"E. Lambert, Hanif Qureshi, Mia Abboud Holbrook, James Frank, Chelsea Hines","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2115487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2115487","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Correctional institutions are manpower-intensive organizations, and organizational commitment is important for their successful functioning. This study uses the job demands model to examine effect of workplace variables on organizational commitment. Using a sample of 163 correctional officers from a prison in Haryana State, India, we find that job demands (fear of being hurt and work and role overload) have no significant effect of organizational commitment. All four components of job resources (instrumental communication, job autonomy, quality of supervision, and job variety) were found to be positively and significantly associated with organizational commitment. The study highlights the importance of adequate knowledge of job resources in trying to raise the affective commitment of correctional officers.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48881880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2089667
Brett C. Burkhardt, Scott Akins
ABSTRACT Recent years have seen increases in citizen complaints and legislation about homelessness. Police are often tasked with responding to these complaints and violations. This paper asks: What do people want the police to do when they encounter visible homelessness, and how are these preferences related to characteristics of observers and of individuals who are homeless? It presents findings from a survey experiment delivered to residents of Portland, Oregon, USA. Respondents were given a series of vignettes involving a hypothetical homeless man whose race (Black or White) and background characteristics (substance abuse, mental illness, combat veteran, or control) were randomly assigned. Respondents were then asked to endorse an aggressive (‘arrest’), therapeutic (‘help’), or hands-off (‘ignore’) response by police. Results reveal support for a therapeutic response to visible homelessness, though this was mediated somewhat by the race of the homeless person. The findings contribute to research on public perceptions of police actions.
{"title":"How should police respond to homelessness? Results from a survey experiment in Portland, Oregon","authors":"Brett C. Burkhardt, Scott Akins","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2089667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2089667","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent years have seen increases in citizen complaints and legislation about homelessness. Police are often tasked with responding to these complaints and violations. This paper asks: What do people want the police to do when they encounter visible homelessness, and how are these preferences related to characteristics of observers and of individuals who are homeless? It presents findings from a survey experiment delivered to residents of Portland, Oregon, USA. Respondents were given a series of vignettes involving a hypothetical homeless man whose race (Black or White) and background characteristics (substance abuse, mental illness, combat veteran, or control) were randomly assigned. Respondents were then asked to endorse an aggressive (‘arrest’), therapeutic (‘help’), or hands-off (‘ignore’) response by police. Results reveal support for a therapeutic response to visible homelessness, though this was mediated somewhat by the race of the homeless person. The findings contribute to research on public perceptions of police actions.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48355700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2087649
Hunter M. Boehme
ABSTRACT Scholars have begun to investigate whether coffee shops offer neighborhoods a platform to develop social cohesion and prevent crime in the nearby area. However, no such study has examined this relationship at the street segment level. Thus, the current study takes a micro-level, geospatial approach to investigate whether the presence of coffee shops is associated with property and violent crimes at the street segment. Findings from multiple count regression models find that street segments with coffee shops were associated with increases in property crimes and all crimes grouped together, compared to streets with other businesses but no coffee shop. However, there were no statistically significant associations between street segments with coffee shops and violent crime. Findings run contrary to previous investigations of the coffee shop-crime relationship, indicating more research is needed in this area. Further investigation into the type of crime that may be associated with coffee shop presence is warranted. Theoretical and research implications are discussed.
{"title":"Are coffeeshops really third places? A street segment approach to investigate the influence of coffee shops on property and violent crime","authors":"Hunter M. Boehme","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2087649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2087649","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scholars have begun to investigate whether coffee shops offer neighborhoods a platform to develop social cohesion and prevent crime in the nearby area. However, no such study has examined this relationship at the street segment level. Thus, the current study takes a micro-level, geospatial approach to investigate whether the presence of coffee shops is associated with property and violent crimes at the street segment. Findings from multiple count regression models find that street segments with coffee shops were associated with increases in property crimes and all crimes grouped together, compared to streets with other businesses but no coffee shop. However, there were no statistically significant associations between street segments with coffee shops and violent crime. Findings run contrary to previous investigations of the coffee shop-crime relationship, indicating more research is needed in this area. Further investigation into the type of crime that may be associated with coffee shop presence is warranted. Theoretical and research implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49428922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2081966
S. Massey, Richard A. Kauffman, Meishan Chen, Wangshu Tu
ABSTRACT Archival crime data collected by a police agency in Upstate New York from 2008 to 2015; outcome, sentencing, and incarceration data collected by the New York State’s Department of Criminal Justice Statistics; and demographic data collected by the U.S. Census were analyzed to explore how a suspect’s race and sex affect the investigation, prosecution, conviction, and sentencing in larceny cases. Results suggest that Black men were more likely to be the targets of excess suspicion, less likely to be granted leniency by prosecutors, no more likely to be convicted, but, if convicted, more likely to be incarcerated than White men.
{"title":"Race, excess suspicion, and larceny in Upstate NY","authors":"S. Massey, Richard A. Kauffman, Meishan Chen, Wangshu Tu","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2081966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2081966","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archival crime data collected by a police agency in Upstate New York from 2008 to 2015; outcome, sentencing, and incarceration data collected by the New York State’s Department of Criminal Justice Statistics; and demographic data collected by the U.S. Census were analyzed to explore how a suspect’s race and sex affect the investigation, prosecution, conviction, and sentencing in larceny cases. Results suggest that Black men were more likely to be the targets of excess suspicion, less likely to be granted leniency by prosecutors, no more likely to be convicted, but, if convicted, more likely to be incarcerated than White men.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45677126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2081568
Noelle Warkentin, Richard Frank, Yuxuan Zhang, Naomi Zakimi
ABSTRACT Critical infrastructures (CI) are connecting their systems to the internet at an increasing rate, providing the opportunity for malicious actors to attack these systems using cyber-weapons. Compromised systems then pose issues for the affected company, and may disrupt the broader population. The purpose of the current study was to analyze IP addresses collected from discussion forums, with a specific interest in which Canadian CIs could potentially be at risk of a cyber-attack. Overall, 897,524 IP addresses were extracted from 47,134,503 posts across 20 discussion forums, 39,164 of which were associated with Canadian CI. Of all Canadian CI sectors, the majority of IP addresses were found to belong to the information and technology sector. A thematic analysis of posts containing IP addresses was conducted, revealing that the majority of posters were sharing large lists of IP addresses with no context given. Lastly, a keyword search was employed on the forums in an attempt to understand discussions surrounding CI. A thematic analysis was employed on a random sample of posts containing keywords, revealing two major themes: Potential threat and threat information. Findings from this study reveal that information useful for conducting cyber-attacks against CI is being shared within these online forums.
{"title":"Potential cyber-threats against Canada’s critical infrastructure: an investigation of online discussion forums","authors":"Noelle Warkentin, Richard Frank, Yuxuan Zhang, Naomi Zakimi","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2081568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2081568","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Critical infrastructures (CI) are connecting their systems to the internet at an increasing rate, providing the opportunity for malicious actors to attack these systems using cyber-weapons. Compromised systems then pose issues for the affected company, and may disrupt the broader population. The purpose of the current study was to analyze IP addresses collected from discussion forums, with a specific interest in which Canadian CIs could potentially be at risk of a cyber-attack. Overall, 897,524 IP addresses were extracted from 47,134,503 posts across 20 discussion forums, 39,164 of which were associated with Canadian CI. Of all Canadian CI sectors, the majority of IP addresses were found to belong to the information and technology sector. A thematic analysis of posts containing IP addresses was conducted, revealing that the majority of posters were sharing large lists of IP addresses with no context given. Lastly, a keyword search was employed on the forums in an attempt to understand discussions surrounding CI. A thematic analysis was employed on a random sample of posts containing keywords, revealing two major themes: Potential threat and threat information. Findings from this study reveal that information useful for conducting cyber-attacks against CI is being shared within these online forums.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48205859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2083615
G. Walters
ABSTRACT Victim-offender overlap is examined from the standpoint of offending leading to victimization by way of the peer selection effect, routines activities and lifestyle choice, and person proximity. The current investigation focused on the potential role of protective and promotive factors in managing the offender-to-victim transition. Participants were 1,760 juveniles from the British-based longitudinal Offending, Crime and Justice Survey (OCJS) who were under the age of 18 at the start of the study. Three waves of data were analyzed, the preliminary results of which confirmed the person proximity effect (offending → peer delinquency → victimization). Although four potential protective/promotive factors (parental support, low neighborhood disorder, positive school culture, and moral cognition) failed to interact with the first two variables in the person proximity sequence (i.e. offending and peer delinquency), there was some evidence of a promotive effect for two of these factors. Parental support, for instance, produced a modest deterrent effect on Wave 2 peer delinquency, whereas low neighborhood disorder directly reduced the incidence of victimization. Even with these promotive effects, the person proximity effect remained intact. Further research is required to replicate the present findings and identify additional protective/promotive variables that may help mitigate the person proximity effect.
{"title":"Managing the offender-to-victim transition with parental support, low neighborhood disorder, positive school culture, and moral cognition: protective and promotive factors and the person proximity effect","authors":"G. Walters","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2083615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2083615","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Victim-offender overlap is examined from the standpoint of offending leading to victimization by way of the peer selection effect, routines activities and lifestyle choice, and person proximity. The current investigation focused on the potential role of protective and promotive factors in managing the offender-to-victim transition. Participants were 1,760 juveniles from the British-based longitudinal Offending, Crime and Justice Survey (OCJS) who were under the age of 18 at the start of the study. Three waves of data were analyzed, the preliminary results of which confirmed the person proximity effect (offending → peer delinquency → victimization). Although four potential protective/promotive factors (parental support, low neighborhood disorder, positive school culture, and moral cognition) failed to interact with the first two variables in the person proximity sequence (i.e. offending and peer delinquency), there was some evidence of a promotive effect for two of these factors. Parental support, for instance, produced a modest deterrent effect on Wave 2 peer delinquency, whereas low neighborhood disorder directly reduced the incidence of victimization. Even with these promotive effects, the person proximity effect remained intact. Further research is required to replicate the present findings and identify additional protective/promotive variables that may help mitigate the person proximity effect.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48815423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066661
J. Ortiz, Alison Cox, D. Kavish, Grant Tietjen
ABSTRACT In 2020, some scholars publicly demanded that the newly established Division of Convict Criminology (DCC) of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) change its name. Critics asserted that the use of ‘convict’ caused further stigmatization of those of us with direct criminal justice experience. Unbeknownst to those critics, prior to the official formation of the DCC, the informal group known as Convict Criminology engaged in a decades long conversation about language and appropriate terminology. This paper responds to the critiques by exploring the power of language, summarizing various sides of the ongoing language debate, reviewing existing convict criminology research, and addressing structural violence within the academy. We conclude with a call to action that asks scholars to address the endemic structural violence in academia that perpetuates our oppression before attempting to police our language.
2020年，一些学者公开要求美国犯罪学学会(ASC)新成立的罪犯犯罪学分会(Division of prisoners Criminology, DCC)更名。批评人士断言，使用“罪犯”一词会使我们这些有直接刑事司法经验的人进一步蒙受耻辱。这些批评者所不知道的是，在DCC正式成立之前，一个名为“罪犯犯罪学”的非正式组织就语言和适当的术语进行了长达数十年的讨论。本文通过探索语言的力量，总结正在进行的语言辩论的各个方面，回顾现有的罪犯犯罪学研究，并解决学术界的结构性暴力来回应这些批评。最后，我们呼吁采取行动，要求学者们在试图监管我们的语言之前，解决学术界普遍存在的结构性暴力，这种暴力使我们的压迫永久化。
{"title":"Let the convicts speak: a critical conversation of the ongoing language debate in convict criminology","authors":"J. Ortiz, Alison Cox, D. Kavish, Grant Tietjen","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066661","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2020, some scholars publicly demanded that the newly established Division of Convict Criminology (DCC) of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) change its name. Critics asserted that the use of ‘convict’ caused further stigmatization of those of us with direct criminal justice experience. Unbeknownst to those critics, prior to the official formation of the DCC, the informal group known as Convict Criminology engaged in a decades long conversation about language and appropriate terminology. This paper responds to the critiques by exploring the power of language, summarizing various sides of the ongoing language debate, reviewing existing convict criminology research, and addressing structural violence within the academy. We conclude with a call to action that asks scholars to address the endemic structural violence in academia that perpetuates our oppression before attempting to police our language.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48868662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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