Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2061479
Laura McKendy, R. Ricciardelli
ABSTRACT Recognizing the importance of occupational social climates in shaping correctional work, we consider how social relations of work are understood by provincial correctional workers, including how organizational and operational factors influence such relations. Open-ended survey responses with provincial correctional workers in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba were thematically analyzed to explore perceptions of unity and tension within the occupational social terrain. We found a notable disconnect between frontline staff and senior management, marked by a bottom-up sense of mistrust and frustration. Contrary to findings elsewhere, a sense of outward suspicion did not appear to occur in parallel to a strong inward solidarity. Horizontal social relations were often described as fragmented due to factors such as divisive social practices (e.g. gossiping, cliques), normative occupational ideals, labor and work structures that create status differences and fluid work environments, and trying conditions of work. In this context, individualist rather than collectivist dispositions can come to shape working orientations, thus representing a contrast from traditional elements of frontline correctional cultures, such as in-group solidarity and loyalty.
{"title":"The forces that divide: understanding tension and unity among provincial correctional workers in Canada","authors":"Laura McKendy, R. Ricciardelli","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2061479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2061479","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recognizing the importance of occupational social climates in shaping correctional work, we consider how social relations of work are understood by provincial correctional workers, including how organizational and operational factors influence such relations. Open-ended survey responses with provincial correctional workers in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba were thematically analyzed to explore perceptions of unity and tension within the occupational social terrain. We found a notable disconnect between frontline staff and senior management, marked by a bottom-up sense of mistrust and frustration. Contrary to findings elsewhere, a sense of outward suspicion did not appear to occur in parallel to a strong inward solidarity. Horizontal social relations were often described as fragmented due to factors such as divisive social practices (e.g. gossiping, cliques), normative occupational ideals, labor and work structures that create status differences and fluid work environments, and trying conditions of work. In this context, individualist rather than collectivist dispositions can come to shape working orientations, thus representing a contrast from traditional elements of frontline correctional cultures, such as in-group solidarity and loyalty.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44149185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051703
Tasha J Youstin
ABSTRACT Affirmative Consent (AC) policies have become a popular way for universities across the US to address the issue of sexual assault on campus. This study utilizes a sample of over 1400 university students to address student self-identified understanding of AC, perceptions of AC policy effectiveness at decreasing sexual assaults on campus, and self-reported behavior change. Results show that about 80% of the sample reported understanding AC, a slight majority of the sample (53%) believed AC policies were effective, and only 20.5% of respondents reported changing their own behavior as a result of AC policies. Exposure to AC through professors or administrators increased AC understanding and perceptions of effectiveness. Knowing others who changed their own behavior was significantly related to understanding of AC, perceived effectiveness of AC, and personal self-reported behavior change. Additionally, issue salience as measured through self-reported concern about sexual assault on campus and self-reported fear of sexual assault on campus was related to perceived effectiveness and self-reported behavior change. Multivariate analyses explored these issues further and raise questions of the ability of these policies alone to combat sexual assault on campus.
{"title":"Affirmative Consent on campus: student understanding, perceptions of effectiveness, and behavioral change","authors":"Tasha J Youstin","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Affirmative Consent (AC) policies have become a popular way for universities across the US to address the issue of sexual assault on campus. This study utilizes a sample of over 1400 university students to address student self-identified understanding of AC, perceptions of AC policy effectiveness at decreasing sexual assaults on campus, and self-reported behavior change. Results show that about 80% of the sample reported understanding AC, a slight majority of the sample (53%) believed AC policies were effective, and only 20.5% of respondents reported changing their own behavior as a result of AC policies. Exposure to AC through professors or administrators increased AC understanding and perceptions of effectiveness. Knowing others who changed their own behavior was significantly related to understanding of AC, perceived effectiveness of AC, and personal self-reported behavior change. Additionally, issue salience as measured through self-reported concern about sexual assault on campus and self-reported fear of sexual assault on campus was related to perceived effectiveness and self-reported behavior change. Multivariate analyses explored these issues further and raise questions of the ability of these policies alone to combat sexual assault on campus.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46422585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066660
S. Vickovic, W. Morrow, E. Lambert
ABSTRACT Voluntary correctional officer turnover can have devastating effects. Turnover intent is usually the last stage before actual voluntary turnover. Building upon past research, the current study examined the effects of work-family conflict and job burnout on the turnover intent of officers, while testing to see if these effects were moderated by job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Data came from a survey of 664 officers at two Southwestern state prisons and were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression. The time-based and strain-based dimensions of work-family conflict were measured, as were the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The measures of work-family conflict and job burnout were significant predictors of turnover intent. When job satisfaction and organizational commitment were added to the model job burnout was no longer significant, but both measures of work-family conflict were. Both satisfaction and commitment had significant negative associations and were the best predictors of correctional officer turnover intent. The results indicate that efforts are needed to raise satisfaction and commitment among officers and to lower time-based and strain-based conflict to reduce turnover intent. Turnover in correctional services is an international issue and the findings and policy implications of this study are internationally applicable.
{"title":"Examining the effects of job burnout and work-family conflict on correctional officer turnover intent","authors":"S. Vickovic, W. Morrow, E. Lambert","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2066660","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Voluntary correctional officer turnover can have devastating effects. Turnover intent is usually the last stage before actual voluntary turnover. Building upon past research, the current study examined the effects of work-family conflict and job burnout on the turnover intent of officers, while testing to see if these effects were moderated by job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Data came from a survey of 664 officers at two Southwestern state prisons and were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression. The time-based and strain-based dimensions of work-family conflict were measured, as were the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The measures of work-family conflict and job burnout were significant predictors of turnover intent. When job satisfaction and organizational commitment were added to the model job burnout was no longer significant, but both measures of work-family conflict were. Both satisfaction and commitment had significant negative associations and were the best predictors of correctional officer turnover intent. The results indicate that efforts are needed to raise satisfaction and commitment among officers and to lower time-based and strain-based conflict to reduce turnover intent. Turnover in correctional services is an international issue and the findings and policy implications of this study are internationally applicable.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46072994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051143
R. Worley, Ginger Gummelt
ABSTRACT In this exploratory study, we conducted in-depth interviews with three females who were employed in the sex industry which ultimately led to their arrest, conviction, and registration as a sex offender. In all three cases, the interviewees were co-offenders who committed a sex crime at the behest of a dominant male partner whom they met through the adult entertainment industry. This study suggests that women who are employed in the sex industry may be at a heightened risk of becoming entangled in the criminal justice system and being labeled as sex offenders. Further research is warranted in this area.
{"title":"From seduction to registration: case studies of women in the sex industry","authors":"R. Worley, Ginger Gummelt","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2051143","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this exploratory study, we conducted in-depth interviews with three females who were employed in the sex industry which ultimately led to their arrest, conviction, and registration as a sex offender. In all three cases, the interviewees were co-offenders who committed a sex crime at the behest of a dominant male partner whom they met through the adult entertainment industry. This study suggests that women who are employed in the sex industry may be at a heightened risk of becoming entangled in the criminal justice system and being labeled as sex offenders. Further research is warranted in this area.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49324029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2022.2026352
Emily E. Suiter, T. S. Andersen
ABSTRACT In recent decades, the number of individuals on sex offender registries has increased, many of whom are subject to codified residency restrictions that forbid residing within certain geographic locations and therefore limit viable housing options. As a result, many convicted sex offenders struggle with unstable housing and homelessness. While there is a growing body of research concerning residency restrictions and unstable housing among sex offenders, no study, to our knowledge, has explored whether the association between residency restrictions and homelessness is stronger for Black and Hispanic registrants. Using data from the Chicago Sex Offender Registry, this study examined of the relationship between residency restrictions and sex offender homelessness. Registrants subject to residency restrictions had a substantially higher risk of homelessness than their counterparts. Furthermore, residency restriction status and race interacted in their association with homelessness, such that the deleterious impact of residency restrictions was magnified for Black registrants. The results of the analyses demonstrate that Black sex offender registrants disproportionately disadvantaged by residency restrictions and highlight the importance of developing evidence-based monitoring strategies that prevent and end homelessness among convicted sex offenders.
{"title":"Residency restrictions, race, and homelessness among registered sex offenders","authors":"Emily E. Suiter, T. S. Andersen","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2022.2026352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2026352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent decades, the number of individuals on sex offender registries has increased, many of whom are subject to codified residency restrictions that forbid residing within certain geographic locations and therefore limit viable housing options. As a result, many convicted sex offenders struggle with unstable housing and homelessness. While there is a growing body of research concerning residency restrictions and unstable housing among sex offenders, no study, to our knowledge, has explored whether the association between residency restrictions and homelessness is stronger for Black and Hispanic registrants. Using data from the Chicago Sex Offender Registry, this study examined of the relationship between residency restrictions and sex offender homelessness. Registrants subject to residency restrictions had a substantially higher risk of homelessness than their counterparts. Furthermore, residency restriction status and race interacted in their association with homelessness, such that the deleterious impact of residency restrictions was magnified for Black registrants. The results of the analyses demonstrate that Black sex offender registrants disproportionately disadvantaged by residency restrictions and highlight the importance of developing evidence-based monitoring strategies that prevent and end homelessness among convicted sex offenders.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48977757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.2019032
Logan J. Somers, W. Terrill
ABSTRACT The current study builds upon limited prior research that has assessed the relationship between elements of police culture and a host of unique officer work experiences (e.g. tenure, assigned shift and area, the number of shifts and areas worked, supervisory experience, specialized unit assignment). The sample consists of survey data from over 700 officers from a large police department in the western United States. The results demonstrated that while officers’ assigned shift and area had little effect, a number of other experiences were influential. Officers who had worked a greater number of shifts in their career were more likely to view policing as dangerous; and patrol officers were more likely to view management negatively. Further, specialized unit officers were less likely to view citizens negatively and less oriented toward order-maintenance or community policing than their patrol counterparts. Importantly, experience as measured simply by the number of years on the job, as opposed to other unique work experiences, showed that more senior officers were less likely to view citizens negatively and believe crime fighting should be a top priority, but more likely to view top management through a negative lens. We conclude by reviewing several implications and directions for future research.
{"title":"Examining the relationship between the unique work experiences and cultural orientations of police officers","authors":"Logan J. Somers, W. Terrill","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2021.2019032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2021.2019032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study builds upon limited prior research that has assessed the relationship between elements of police culture and a host of unique officer work experiences (e.g. tenure, assigned shift and area, the number of shifts and areas worked, supervisory experience, specialized unit assignment). The sample consists of survey data from over 700 officers from a large police department in the western United States. The results demonstrated that while officers’ assigned shift and area had little effect, a number of other experiences were influential. Officers who had worked a greater number of shifts in their career were more likely to view policing as dangerous; and patrol officers were more likely to view management negatively. Further, specialized unit officers were less likely to view citizens negatively and less oriented toward order-maintenance or community policing than their patrol counterparts. Importantly, experience as measured simply by the number of years on the job, as opposed to other unique work experiences, showed that more senior officers were less likely to view citizens negatively and believe crime fighting should be a top priority, but more likely to view top management through a negative lens. We conclude by reviewing several implications and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42408510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.2006196
Jeffrey J. Roth
ABSTRACT Prior studies indicate that vacant houses (both derelict and occupiable) are often associated with increased crime. However, the majority of the research on that relationship has been conducted in large cities and urban areas. Thus, the present study aimed to provide additional clarity about vacancy’s association with crime by examining a sample of smaller cities and towns. Additionally, while prior work has focused on various kinds of vacancy, only a few studies have examined the potentially criminogenic effects of different vacancy types simultaneously. The present research contributes to additional clarity on this point by including specific forms of empty occupiable housing as predictors. The analysis also controlled for other structural factors commonly associated with crime. The results indicated that overall vacancy had a significant association with burglary but not with robbery. The results for these smaller municipalities are compared to the findings of studies conducted in larger urban areas, and their policy implications are then discussed.
{"title":"Crime and specific vacancy types in smaller cities and towns","authors":"Jeffrey J. Roth","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2021.2006196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2021.2006196","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prior studies indicate that vacant houses (both derelict and occupiable) are often associated with increased crime. However, the majority of the research on that relationship has been conducted in large cities and urban areas. Thus, the present study aimed to provide additional clarity about vacancy’s association with crime by examining a sample of smaller cities and towns. Additionally, while prior work has focused on various kinds of vacancy, only a few studies have examined the potentially criminogenic effects of different vacancy types simultaneously. The present research contributes to additional clarity on this point by including specific forms of empty occupiable housing as predictors. The analysis also controlled for other structural factors commonly associated with crime. The results indicated that overall vacancy had a significant association with burglary but not with robbery. The results for these smaller municipalities are compared to the findings of studies conducted in larger urban areas, and their policy implications are then discussed.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.1997276
Candence Wills, Kayla Bates, Natasha A. Frost, Carlos E. Monteiro
ABSTRACT Correction officers experience a challenging work environment that increases the risk of encountering violence, physical danger, and traumatic events such as inmate violence and potential assaults by inmates. The demanding work climate can lead to stress and mental health concerns. However, officers are reluctant to seek help for their own mental health concerns and avoid employer provided services, including peer-to-peer support units. This study seeks to explore the underlying institutional barriers to help-seeking for mental health concerns among correction officers. Content analysis is applied to qualitative data from 42 semi-structured interviews with family members and friends of correction officers who died by suicide and 395 interviews with officers working for a state department of corrections answering open-ended questions. Two overarching themes emerged and within these themes were a series of subthemes revealing institutional barriers to help-seeking for mental health concerns. Institutional culture centers around stigma related to mental health and hypermasculinity perpetuated in the work environment. Institutional structure contains institutional organization, confidentiality, and punitive responses as subthemes. Correctional settings could benefit from reducing stigma of mental health related encouraged by hypermasculinity, restructuring organizational hierarchies, enforcing confidentiality, and creating supportive environments for officers to seek help for mental health concerns.
{"title":"Barriers to help-seeking among correction officers: examining the influence of institutional culture and structure","authors":"Candence Wills, Kayla Bates, Natasha A. Frost, Carlos E. Monteiro","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2021.1997276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2021.1997276","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Correction officers experience a challenging work environment that increases the risk of encountering violence, physical danger, and traumatic events such as inmate violence and potential assaults by inmates. The demanding work climate can lead to stress and mental health concerns. However, officers are reluctant to seek help for their own mental health concerns and avoid employer provided services, including peer-to-peer support units. This study seeks to explore the underlying institutional barriers to help-seeking for mental health concerns among correction officers. Content analysis is applied to qualitative data from 42 semi-structured interviews with family members and friends of correction officers who died by suicide and 395 interviews with officers working for a state department of corrections answering open-ended questions. Two overarching themes emerged and within these themes were a series of subthemes revealing institutional barriers to help-seeking for mental health concerns. Institutional culture centers around stigma related to mental health and hypermasculinity perpetuated in the work environment. Institutional structure contains institutional organization, confidentiality, and punitive responses as subthemes. Correctional settings could benefit from reducing stigma of mental health related encouraged by hypermasculinity, restructuring organizational hierarchies, enforcing confidentiality, and creating supportive environments for officers to seek help for mental health concerns.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43984376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.2001231
Veronica L. Horowitz, Emily R. Greberman, P. E. Nolan, Jordan M. Hyatt, C. Uggen, S. Andersen, Steven L. Chanenson
ABSTRACT Correctional officers in the United States experience severe work-related stressors and are generally physically unwell compared to similar public employees. An innovative and new approach to improving American corrections that is starting to gain momentum stems from looking at the workplace dynamic in alternative international models, such as in Scandinavian prison systems, for models of workplace reform. This study examines the perspectives of staff and leaders from the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections who traveled to Scandinavia as part of a correctional exchange. Each day of the trip, correctional staff recorded their qualitative reflections and completed a basic survey about their observations and experiences. This article examines both forms of data to explore correctional officer wellness from the perspective of American correctional officers. Five key themes are discussed: morale, stress, danger, dynamic security, and communication. Survey results corroborate this pattern, as US correctional officers reported somewhat lower stress and more positive interactions during their time in Norway. Key takeaways and implications for policy are discussed.
{"title":"A comparative perspective on officer wellness: american reflections from norwegian prisons","authors":"Veronica L. Horowitz, Emily R. Greberman, P. E. Nolan, Jordan M. Hyatt, C. Uggen, S. Andersen, Steven L. Chanenson","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2021.2001231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2021.2001231","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Correctional officers in the United States experience severe work-related stressors and are generally physically unwell compared to similar public employees. An innovative and new approach to improving American corrections that is starting to gain momentum stems from looking at the workplace dynamic in alternative international models, such as in Scandinavian prison systems, for models of workplace reform. This study examines the perspectives of staff and leaders from the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections who traveled to Scandinavia as part of a correctional exchange. Each day of the trip, correctional staff recorded their qualitative reflections and completed a basic survey about their observations and experiences. This article examines both forms of data to explore correctional officer wellness from the perspective of American correctional officers. Five key themes are discussed: morale, stress, danger, dynamic security, and communication. Survey results corroborate this pattern, as US correctional officers reported somewhat lower stress and more positive interactions during their time in Norway. Key takeaways and implications for policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42615028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2021.1999116
Katie Taylor, K. Swartz
ABSTRACT Developing research demonstrates that correctional officers (CO's) are at a higher risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) than the general population, less is known about the relationship between how CO's cope with stress. Most CO's will be exposed to chronic stress and trauma while working in prisons, with approximately one-third of CO's eventually suffering from PTSD. It is important to explore the relationship between coping and PTSD because if certain coping styles are associated with different levels of PTSD, this could be used to inform training and programming for officers. This study examines officer coping and whether they impact the severity of PTSD symptoms among a group of approximately 245 correctional officers across seven adult state institutions from one Southern state. While controlling for exposure to violence and trauma experienced while on the job and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), this study explores whether multiple problem-focused and emotion-focused coping mechanisms are associated with the level of PTSD symptoms experienced by CO's. Results indicated multiple problem- and emotion-focused coping mechanisms were significantly related to PTSD symptoms, even when controlling for exposure to violence and trauma, ACEs, and other controls. Implications these findings have for practice, and directions for future research are discussed.
{"title":"Stress doesn’t kill us, it’s our reaction: exploring the relationship between coping mechanisms and correctional officer PTSD","authors":"Katie Taylor, K. Swartz","doi":"10.1080/1478601X.2021.1999116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2021.1999116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Developing research demonstrates that correctional officers (CO's) are at a higher risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) than the general population, less is known about the relationship between how CO's cope with stress. Most CO's will be exposed to chronic stress and trauma while working in prisons, with approximately one-third of CO's eventually suffering from PTSD. It is important to explore the relationship between coping and PTSD because if certain coping styles are associated with different levels of PTSD, this could be used to inform training and programming for officers. This study examines officer coping and whether they impact the severity of PTSD symptoms among a group of approximately 245 correctional officers across seven adult state institutions from one Southern state. While controlling for exposure to violence and trauma experienced while on the job and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), this study explores whether multiple problem-focused and emotion-focused coping mechanisms are associated with the level of PTSD symptoms experienced by CO's. Results indicated multiple problem- and emotion-focused coping mechanisms were significantly related to PTSD symptoms, even when controlling for exposure to violence and trauma, ACEs, and other controls. Implications these findings have for practice, and directions for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45877,"journal":{"name":"CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48767790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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