Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ARBOR.2020.798N4006
M. A. Broullón-Lozano, José Manuel Romero Santos
Los modelos de escritura están experimentando grandes transformaciones como consecuencia de la revolución tecnológica contemporánea. Aunque los cibertextos y los hipertextos no son realidades exclusivas de la cultura digital, pues se dan en contextos culturales precedentes, aportan formas de pensamiento alternativas, que pasan por implicaciones epistemológicas –el pensamiento en red–, estéticas –reformulación de la autoría– y éticas –exigen un compromiso por parte del receptor. En este trabajo se abordará dicha coyuntura comparando las escrituras literarias Hypertext Hotel (1992) y Leyenda mayor de Ian Curtis (2017) con las escrituras audiovisuales +101 (2012) y Quién lo impide (2018) con el objetivo de comprender las transformaciones que suponen tanto en la experiencia estética como en el campo cultural digital. Para ello, se empleará una metodología comparatista que tenga en cuenta las concomitancias entre las dos series de escrituras.
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Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3001
Eva Valero Juan
If in the relaciones de fiestas, one of the identifying styles is the profuse description of all the elements that cloak the event, the text from 1621 entitled Verdadera relacion de una mascara que los artifices del gremio de la plateria de Mexico y devotos del glorioso San Isidro hicieron en honra de su gloriosa beatificacion is paradigmatic on the relevance of material culture to construct the image of Carlos V and all the elements in the parade. The clothing, jewels, objects are central to the iconographic building of the myth of the hero and to propagate the heroic image of Spain. This work analyses both this material culture portrayed by the text and its dimension in regard to the reception of literary and historical characters in America and the special significance the context imprints on them.
如果在节日的关系中，其中一种识别风格是对掩盖事件的所有元素的大量描述，那么1621年的一篇名为《Verdadera de una mascara que los artifices del gremio de la plateria de Mexico y devotos del glorioso San Isidro hicieron en honra de sugloriosa beatificion》的文本是物质文化与构建卡洛斯五世形象和游行中所有元素的相关性的范例。衣服，珠宝，物品是英雄神话的形象建筑的核心，也是西班牙英雄形象的宣传。本文分析了文本所描绘的这种物质文化及其在美国文学和历史人物接受方面的维度，以及语境对他们的特殊意义。
{"title":"Tópicos iconográficos y cultura material en una relación de fiestas novohispana de 1621","authors":"Eva Valero Juan","doi":"10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3001","url":null,"abstract":"If in the relaciones de fiestas, one of the identifying styles is the profuse description of all the elements that cloak the event, the text from 1621 entitled Verdadera relacion de una mascara que los artifices del gremio de la plateria de Mexico y devotos del glorioso San Isidro hicieron en honra de su gloriosa beatificacion is paradigmatic on the relevance of material culture to construct the image of Carlos V and all the elements in the parade. The clothing, jewels, objects are central to the iconographic building of the myth of the hero and to propagate the heroic image of Spain. This work analyses both this material culture portrayed by the text and its dimension in regard to the reception of literary and historical characters in America and the special significance the context imprints on them.","PeriodicalId":45891,"journal":{"name":"ARBOR-CIENCIA PENSAMIENTO Y CULTURA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76487330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3002
Juan Manuel Rodríguez Caso
The figure of Alfred Russel Wallace as an anthropologist has scarcely been recognised in the history of the discipline. An important point is to place the author within the anthropological discussions of the Victorian era, from his early interest as a naturalist in historicizing human beings, to his institutional work as the first president of an anthropology department in England. In this context, the paper seeks to present Wallace’s perspective on physical anthropology, based on his anthropological work, which includes references to the origin of human races in naturalistic terms, the development of distinctive physical characteristics of human beings, or the evolutionary relationship between primates. With this, perspective on the development of physical anthropology in the nineteenth century is broadened, opening up the spectrum to authors who contributed significantly to its development.
{"title":"Alfred Russel Wallace, antropólogo: contribuciones a la antropología física","authors":"Juan Manuel Rodríguez Caso","doi":"10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3002","url":null,"abstract":"The figure of Alfred Russel Wallace as an anthropologist has scarcely been recognised in the history of the discipline. An important point is to place the author within the anthropological discussions of the Victorian era, from his early interest as a naturalist in historicizing human beings, to his institutional work as the first president of an anthropology department in England. In this context, the paper seeks to present Wallace’s perspective on physical anthropology, based on his anthropological work, which includes references to the origin of human races in naturalistic terms, the development of distinctive physical characteristics of human beings, or the evolutionary relationship between primates. With this, perspective on the development of physical anthropology in the nineteenth century is broadened, opening up the spectrum to authors who contributed significantly to its development.","PeriodicalId":45891,"journal":{"name":"ARBOR-CIENCIA PENSAMIENTO Y CULTURA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85796195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3010
José María Muñoz Terrón
This article is an analysis of three journalistic accounts of the leaking of documents from the United States National Security Agency, done by Edward Snowden: a book, a movie, and an interview. The goal is to bring to light some ethical and political dilemmas underlying the case. First, a paradoxical tension between the demand for transparency versus the state’s secrecy and the need of personal secrecy for the right to privacy, which nowadays reflects the publicity versus secrecy dialectic in early modernity. Second, the hack-activist ethic facing the conflicts between anonymity and visibility. Third, the journalists trusted by Snowden confront the dilemma between the obligations of information and the protection of source confidentiality. The Snowden affair is thus an opportunity to learn some lessons about the ethics of communication in the digital age.
{"title":"¡Abajo el secreto, viva la privacidad! Dilemas mediáticos en el asunto Snowden","authors":"José María Muñoz Terrón","doi":"10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3010","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an analysis of three journalistic accounts of the leaking of documents from the United States National Security Agency, done by Edward Snowden: a book, a movie, and an interview. The goal is to bring to light some ethical and political dilemmas underlying the case. First, a paradoxical tension between the demand for transparency versus the state’s secrecy and the need of personal secrecy for the right to privacy, which nowadays reflects the publicity versus secrecy dialectic in early modernity. Second, the hack-activist ethic facing the conflicts between anonymity and visibility. Third, the journalists trusted by Snowden confront the dilemma between the obligations of information and the protection of source confidentiality. The Snowden affair is thus an opportunity to learn some lessons about the ethics of communication in the digital age.","PeriodicalId":45891,"journal":{"name":"ARBOR-CIENCIA PENSAMIENTO Y CULTURA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83585014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3004
Yannelys Aparicio
The narrative of the Cuban Edmundo Desnoes describes the social changes that occurred on the island with the triumph of the revolution in 1959. The loss of freedom meant a process of alienation in the individual and society, the gradual degradation of which is observed in the novel Memorias del subdesarrollo (Memories of the underdevelopment) (1965), descending from animalization, in the purest Kafkaesque style, to disintegration. Forty years later, Desnoes publishes Memorias del desarrollo (Memories of the Development) (2007) and describes a main character derived from the previous one, in his evolution after leaving the island and settling in New York. However, life in a developed society will not heal the mortal wounds opened by the repression of the dictatorship, because his identity has been irreparably harmed.
{"title":"Del subdesarrollo al desarrollo: el viaje sin retorno de Edmundo Desnoes","authors":"Yannelys Aparicio","doi":"10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3004","url":null,"abstract":"The narrative of the Cuban Edmundo Desnoes describes the social changes that occurred on the island with the triumph of the revolution in 1959. The loss of freedom meant a process of alienation in the individual and society, the gradual degradation of which is observed in the novel Memorias del subdesarrollo (Memories of the underdevelopment) (1965), descending from animalization, in the purest Kafkaesque style, to disintegration. Forty years later, Desnoes publishes Memorias del desarrollo (Memories of the Development) (2007) and describes a main character derived from the previous one, in his evolution after leaving the island and settling in New York. However, life in a developed society will not heal the mortal wounds opened by the repression of the dictatorship, because his identity has been irreparably harmed.","PeriodicalId":45891,"journal":{"name":"ARBOR-CIENCIA PENSAMIENTO Y CULTURA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88279063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3005
Luis Núñez Ladevéze, Tamara Vázquez Barrio, Margarita Núñez Canal
Here we examine the framework of theoretical congruence of the change from the solid to the liquid phase of modernity using a review of La rebelion de las masas (The revolt of the masses) by Ortega y Gasset, interpreted from the limitless context of communicative relationships on the Internet. In his posthumous work, Retrotopia , Bauman proposes the notion of an undefined neighbourhood to explain the acceleration on the web of the same consumerist tendencies that characterized the individualism of mass culture. He also establishes a pattern of continuity in the resurgence of identity trends in the framework of the so-called undefined neighbourhood. We approach, in a hermeneutical manner, the interrelationship between both concepts. If the options available for individual communication through the Internet are reabsorbing the patterns of consumption and identity of cultural massification and reproductive consumerism then, according to Bauman, the revolt of the masses can be understood as an exacerbated result of the individualism that feeds the consumerist tendency of the globalized undefined neighbourhood .
在这里，我们通过对奥尔特加·加塞特(Ortega y Gasset)的《群众的反抗》(La rebelion de las masas)的回顾，从互联网上交流关系的无限语境中解读，来考察现代性从固态到液态变化的理论一致性框架。在他的遗作《复古乌托邦》(Retrotopia)中，鲍曼提出了一个未定义社区的概念，以解释大众文化中个人主义特征的消费主义倾向在网络上的加速发展。他还在所谓的未定义社区的框架内，建立了身份趋势复苏的连续性模式。我们以解释学的方式来探讨这两个概念之间的相互关系。鲍曼认为，如果通过互联网进行个人交流的选择重新吸收了文化大众化和再生产消费主义的消费模式和身份，那么群众的反抗可以被理解为个人主义的加剧结果，这种个人主义助长了全球化未定义社区的消费主义倾向。
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Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3006
Juan A. Roche Cárcel
espanolTras resenar diferentes sociologos que han destacado la importancia de la originalidad para la creatividad, este articulo tiene como objetivo analizar el conflicto entre generaciones y la alternancia continuidad-cambio social que genera y que constituye el motor de la creatividad. Para ello, se indaga en la etimologia del concepto de ‘originalidad’, con el fin de encontrar los terminos basicos con los que se asocia. Como se vera, concretamente lo hace con las palabras origen y originario u originante, que se fusionan en el proceso creador, de manera que este establece una narrativa temporal en la que el pasado, el presente y el futuro quedan interrelacionados. Esta narrativa temporal se concreta en la sociedad y en la cultura modernas -especialmente, en el arte, la ciencia, la democracia y el capitalismo, cuatro de las creaciones mas destacadas de la etapa-, diferenciandose la primera modernidad por su evolucion desde la creatividad infantil o juvenil hacia la senil, y la segunda por la decadencia. Finalmente, el articulo concluye que la creatividad se define por la originalidad, porque construye una narracion historica y porque puede ayudar a eliminar la confusion del presente; que la infancia y la juventud de los creadores se vincula con el conflicto generacional; y que la primera modernidad constituye una etapa infantil o juvenil, mientras que la segunda se define por el declive generalizado fisico, cultural y social. EnglishAfter reviewing different sociologists who have highlighted the importance of originality for creativity, this article will analyse the conflict between generations and the social continuity-change alternation that generates and constitutes the engine of creativity. To do this, the etymology of the concept of ‘originality’ is investigated in order to find the basic terms with which it is associated. As will be seen, specifically, it does so with the words origin and originary, which merge in the creative process, establishing a temporary narrative in which the past, present and future are interrelated. This temporary narrative takes shape in modern society and culture – especially in art, science, democracy and capitalism, four of the most prominent creations of the period – with the first modernity distinguished by its evolution from childhood or youthful creativity towards decrepitude, and the second by decline. Finally, the article concludes that creativity is defined by originality because it builds a historical narrative, and because it can help eliminate the confusion of the present; that the childhood and youth of the creators are linked to generational conflict; and that the first modernity constitutes a childish or youthful period, while the second is defined by generalised physical, cultural and social decline.
在回顾了不同的社会学家，他们强调原创性对创造力的重要性后，本文旨在分析代际冲突和它产生的连续性-社会变化的交替，这是创造力的引擎。本研究的目的是探讨“原创性”一词的词源，以找到与之相关的基本术语。正如你所看到的，他特别用“起源”和“起源”这两个词，这两个词在创造过程中融合在一起，从而建立了一个时间叙事，在这个叙事中，过去、现在和未来是相互关联的。故事时间成为现实社会和现代文化,在艺术、科学、民主和资本主义,四个创作向上阶段之一,diferenciandose第一个现代化以来evolucion创造性儿童或青少年走向衰老,而第二次衰减。最后，文章得出结论，创造力的定义是原创性，因为它建立了一个历史叙述，因为它有助于消除当前的混乱;创作者的童年和青年时代与代际冲突有关;第一个现代性是一个儿童或青年阶段，而第二个现代性的定义是普遍的身体、文化和社会衰退。本文回顾了强调原创性对创造力重要性的不同社会学家，分析了世代与产生和构成创造力引擎的社会连续性变化之间的冲突。为此，对“原创性”概念的词源进行了研究，以便找到与之相关的基本术语。向导将会看到,为此,it so with the words origin and originary, which merge in the creative process,建立a temporary narrative in which the过去、目前和未来是有用的。在现代社会和文化中，特别是在艺术、科学、民主和资本主义中，这一时期的四个最杰出的创作中，第一个现代性的特点是它从幼年或年轻的创作走向衰老，第二个现代性则是衰落。最后，本文得出的结论是，创造性是由原创性来定义的，因为它建立了一种历史叙事，也因为它有助于消除当前的混乱;创造者的童年和青年时期与代际冲突有关;第一个现代性构成了一个幼稚或年轻的时期，而第二个现代性则被普遍的物质、文化和社会衰落所定义。
{"title":"Las edades de la creatividad. Algunas consideraciones sociológicas sobre la originalidad creativa en la modernidad","authors":"Juan A. Roche Cárcel","doi":"10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3006","url":null,"abstract":"espanolTras resenar diferentes sociologos que han destacado la importancia de la originalidad para la creatividad, este articulo tiene como objetivo analizar el conflicto entre generaciones y la alternancia continuidad-cambio social que genera y que constituye el motor de la creatividad. Para ello, se indaga en la etimologia del concepto de ‘originalidad’, con el fin de encontrar los terminos basicos con los que se asocia. Como se vera, concretamente lo hace con las palabras origen y originario u originante, que se fusionan en el proceso creador, de manera que este establece una narrativa temporal en la que el pasado, el presente y el futuro quedan interrelacionados. Esta narrativa temporal se concreta en la sociedad y en la cultura modernas -especialmente, en el arte, la ciencia, la democracia y el capitalismo, cuatro de las creaciones mas destacadas de la etapa-, diferenciandose la primera modernidad por su evolucion desde la creatividad infantil o juvenil hacia la senil, y la segunda por la decadencia. Finalmente, el articulo concluye que la creatividad se define por la originalidad, porque construye una narracion historica y porque puede ayudar a eliminar la confusion del presente; que la infancia y la juventud de los creadores se vincula con el conflicto generacional; y que la primera modernidad constituye una etapa infantil o juvenil, mientras que la segunda se define por el declive generalizado fisico, cultural y social. EnglishAfter reviewing different sociologists who have highlighted the importance of originality for creativity, this article will analyse the conflict between generations and the social continuity-change alternation that generates and constitutes the engine of creativity. To do this, the etymology of the concept of ‘originality’ is investigated in order to find the basic terms with which it is associated. As will be seen, specifically, it does so with the words origin and originary, which merge in the creative process, establishing a temporary narrative in which the past, present and future are interrelated. This temporary narrative takes shape in modern society and culture – especially in art, science, democracy and capitalism, four of the most prominent creations of the period – with the first modernity distinguished by its evolution from childhood or youthful creativity towards decrepitude, and the second by decline. Finally, the article concludes that creativity is defined by originality because it builds a historical narrative, and because it can help eliminate the confusion of the present; that the childhood and youth of the creators are linked to generational conflict; and that the first modernity constitutes a childish or youthful period, while the second is defined by generalised physical, cultural and social decline.","PeriodicalId":45891,"journal":{"name":"ARBOR-CIENCIA PENSAMIENTO Y CULTURA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75024325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3009
Antonio Manuel Liz Gutiérrez
New technologies appear to be radically changing our world. Here we analyse the conditions under which this can take place. We do this in relation to an important group of phenomena related to computational technologies and biotechnologies. These phenomena respond to widely used terms, largely thanks to the media: virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, enhanced humanity and the Internet of Things. We argue that artificial intelligence occupies a central place among them and that the constitution of a truly new world essentially depends on our attitudes to it.
{"title":"¿Un mundo nuevo? Realidad virtual, realidad aumentada, inteligencia artificial, humanidad mejorada, Internet de las cosas","authors":"Antonio Manuel Liz Gutiérrez","doi":"10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.797n3009","url":null,"abstract":"New technologies appear to be radically changing our world. Here we analyse the conditions under which this can take place. We do this in relation to an important group of phenomena related to computational technologies and biotechnologies. These phenomena respond to widely used terms, largely thanks to the media: virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, enhanced humanity and the Internet of Things. We argue that artificial intelligence occupies a central place among them and that the constitution of a truly new world essentially depends on our attitudes to it.","PeriodicalId":45891,"journal":{"name":"ARBOR-CIENCIA PENSAMIENTO Y CULTURA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81481539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2020.796n2011
Susana Vázquez Cupeiro, Nuria De Pedro Olivera
This article addresses the life and educational experiences of a generation of women educated at the Real Colegio de Doncellas Nobles (Royal College of Noble Maidens) in Toledo, a private and religious institution founded in 1551 and a pioneer in the exclusive training of women. Former students, through long-silenced oral testimonies, reconstruct their experiences to explore the nature, origin and evolution of the educational project developed at the centre from the 1940s to the 1960s. Despite the limitations of the study, the research adds to previous literature a new and privileged approach to the centre’s history, showing the singularities, continuities and ruptures of the formative model for women during this turbulent period.
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Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2020.796n2006
Bárbara Ortuño Martínez, Mónica Moreno Seco
Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigacion Genero, compromiso y transgresion en Espana, 1890-2016 (FEM2016-76675-P), financiado por el Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad.
{"title":"Militantes entre el ser y el deber ser. Compromiso, género y familias en la juventud revolucionaria de los años 70 en España y Argentina","authors":"Bárbara Ortuño Martínez, Mónica Moreno Seco","doi":"10.3989/arbor.2020.796n2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.796n2006","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigacion Genero, compromiso y transgresion en Espana, 1890-2016 (FEM2016-76675-P), financiado por el Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad.","PeriodicalId":45891,"journal":{"name":"ARBOR-CIENCIA PENSAMIENTO Y CULTURA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79171641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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