Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199300
Shunsuke Tazawa, Y. Kajiwara, Shin Hirai
To enhance running performance of elite runners development of lightweight shoes, resilient midsole cushioning materials, and high bending stiffness midsole plate are in progress (Hoogkamer et al., 2017). In addition to these factors, we focused on forefoot strike pattern (FFS) and midfoot strike pattern (MFS). We hypothesized that FFS and MFS could use Stretch-Shortening Cycle, which has been suggested as an element to enhance running performance (Paavolaien et al., 1985). FFS and MFS can take advantage of the spring-like behavior of the muscles and tendons, but eccentric contraction of the triceps surae (TS) placing strain on the muscle.
为了提高精英跑步者的跑步性能，正在开发轻质鞋、弹性中底缓冲材料和高弯曲刚度中底板（Hoogkamer et al.，2017）。除了这些因素外，我们还关注了前掌打击模式（FFS）和中足打击模式（MFS）。我们假设FFS和MFS可以使用拉伸缩短周期，这被认为是提高跑步性能的一个因素（Paavolaien等人，1985）。FFS和MFS可以利用肌肉和肌腱的弹簧状行为，但腓肠三头肌（TS）的偏心收缩会给肌肉带来压力。
{"title":"Influence of foot posture focused racing shoes on running motion","authors":"Shunsuke Tazawa, Y. Kajiwara, Shin Hirai","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199300","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance running performance of elite runners development of lightweight shoes, resilient midsole cushioning materials, and high bending stiffness midsole plate are in progress (Hoogkamer et al., 2017). In addition to these factors, we focused on forefoot strike pattern (FFS) and midfoot strike pattern (MFS). We hypothesized that FFS and MFS could use Stretch-Shortening Cycle, which has been suggested as an element to enhance running performance (Paavolaien et al., 1985). FFS and MFS can take advantage of the spring-like behavior of the muscles and tendons, but eccentric contraction of the triceps surae (TS) placing strain on the muscle.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S84 - S85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43957099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199395
Young-Seong Lee, Hojong Gil, Jiseon Ryu, Sukhoon Yoon, Sang-Kyoon Park
Excessive high impact from the ground may cause injuries to the lower extremity (Lafortune & Hennig, 1992). It has been suggested that forefoot strike (FFS) causes ankle injuries by increasing plantar flexion moment at the ankle joint during running. On the other hand, rearfoot strike (RFS) causes tibia stress fracture by delivering high impact shock, and knee injuries by increasing extension moment at the knee (Goss & Gross, 2012). However, as most studies have analyzed the joint loads by an inverse dynamics, this approach is limited to understand impact characteristics (i.e. magnitude and distribution) of the whole body during running.
{"title":"Different heel strike patterns change the impact of the whole body during running","authors":"Young-Seong Lee, Hojong Gil, Jiseon Ryu, Sukhoon Yoon, Sang-Kyoon Park","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199395","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive high impact from the ground may cause injuries to the lower extremity (Lafortune & Hennig, 1992). It has been suggested that forefoot strike (FFS) causes ankle injuries by increasing plantar flexion moment at the ankle joint during running. On the other hand, rearfoot strike (RFS) causes tibia stress fracture by delivering high impact shock, and knee injuries by increasing extension moment at the knee (Goss & Gross, 2012). However, as most studies have analyzed the joint loads by an inverse dynamics, this approach is limited to understand impact characteristics (i.e. magnitude and distribution) of the whole body during running.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S125 - S126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41335380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199292
S. Hemler, R. Schuster, Z. Pataky, Luke A. Kelly
Sarah Hemler, Robert Schuster, Zoltan Pataky and Luke A. Kelly Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Unit of Therapeutic Patient Education, WHO Collaborating Centre, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia
Sarah Hemler、Robert Schuster、Zoltan Pataky和Luke A.Kelly，日内瓦大学医学院，瑞士日内瓦；世界卫生组织合作中心治疗病人教育处，日内瓦大学医院内分泌学、糖尿病、营养和治疗病人教育司，瑞士日内瓦；澳大利亚圣卢西亚昆士兰大学人类运动与营养科学学院
{"title":"Foot shape modelling of older adults with and without diabetes mellitus","authors":"S. Hemler, R. Schuster, Z. Pataky, Luke A. Kelly","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199292","url":null,"abstract":"Sarah Hemler, Robert Schuster, Zoltan Pataky and Luke A. Kelly Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Unit of Therapeutic Patient Education, WHO Collaborating Centre, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S74 - S75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49289636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199307
Shingo Sudo, K. Ota, S. Tanigawa
The selection of spiked shoes can greatly affect sprint performance. In order to enhance propulsion during running, AFT (Advanced Footwear Technology) has been developed in recent years. Some sports manufacturers have been also developing spiked shoes with soft and bouncy(resilient) thick midsole materials, following the change of marathon shoes from thin-soled to thick-soled with a reinforced plate. It has been reported that the use of certain thick sole shoes results in improved running economy in long distance due, in part, to differences in running mechanics (Hunter et al., 2019). On the other hand, the influence of spiked shoes with soft and bouncy midsole materials on sprint performance has not been clarified.
{"title":"Influence of spiked shoes with soft and bouncy midsole material on sprint performance","authors":"Shingo Sudo, K. Ota, S. Tanigawa","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199307","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of spiked shoes can greatly affect sprint performance. In order to enhance propulsion during running, AFT (Advanced Footwear Technology) has been developed in recent years. Some sports manufacturers have been also developing spiked shoes with soft and bouncy(resilient) thick midsole materials, following the change of marathon shoes from thin-soled to thick-soled with a reinforced plate. It has been reported that the use of certain thick sole shoes results in improved running economy in long distance due, in part, to differences in running mechanics (Hunter et al., 2019). On the other hand, the influence of spiked shoes with soft and bouncy midsole materials on sprint performance has not been clarified.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S93 - S94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48347256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199391
Quinn Yetman, A. Arndt, M. Rainbow
Recent footwear designs have resulted in reductions in metabolic cost and decreases in personal best times in runners (Hoogkamer et al., 2018). This has been attributed to shoes with a combination of a thick midsole and carbon fibre plate (carbon plate shoes) first introduced by Nike in their Breaking2 event. There are many theories on how these shoes decrease metabolic cost, including the stiff carbon plate storing and releasing energy, the midsole thickness, and the shoe acting as a teeter-totter system (Patoz et al., 2022). However, no unifying theory has emerged, and the response varies widely across runners. One challenge that has limited the ability to determine how these shoes lower cost is associated with the difficulty measuring the mechanics of the foot and foot-shoe system in vivo. In this pilot study, we address this gap by simultaneously measuring foot bone motion with biplanar videoradiography (BVR) and foot-shoe power in these so called ‘super shoes’.
{"title":"Insights into the energy returning properties of ‘super shoes’ from a novel, highly accurate, biplanar videoradiography dataset","authors":"Quinn Yetman, A. Arndt, M. Rainbow","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199391","url":null,"abstract":"Recent footwear designs have resulted in reductions in metabolic cost and decreases in personal best times in runners (Hoogkamer et al., 2018). This has been attributed to shoes with a combination of a thick midsole and carbon fibre plate (carbon plate shoes) first introduced by Nike in their Breaking2 event. There are many theories on how these shoes decrease metabolic cost, including the stiff carbon plate storing and releasing energy, the midsole thickness, and the shoe acting as a teeter-totter system (Patoz et al., 2022). However, no unifying theory has emerged, and the response varies widely across runners. One challenge that has limited the ability to determine how these shoes lower cost is associated with the difficulty measuring the mechanics of the foot and foot-shoe system in vivo. In this pilot study, we address this gap by simultaneously measuring foot bone motion with biplanar videoradiography (BVR) and foot-shoe power in these so called ‘super shoes’.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S117 - S119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46028123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199280
Sihyun Ryu, Jaewon Kang, Sejin Kong, Y. Choi, Sukhoon Yoon, Jiseon Ryu, Sang-Kyoon Park
Recently, running shoes with a carbon plate embedded in the midsole have been developed to improve running performance. In 2019, Eliud Kipchoge teamed with Nike broke two-hour marathon barrier for his second attempt with a 1:59:40 finishing time. During this event, he had worn carbon plate running shoes, and people around the world became interested in carbon plate running shoes. In a study examining metabolic variables in elite running athletes (Hoogkamer et al., 2018), it was reported that carbon plate running shoes can shorten the record by about six minutes compared to normal running shoes. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of running shoes with built-in carbon plate on the running biomechanics (Barnes & Kilding, 2019; Hoogkamer et al., 2019).
{"title":"Effect of running shoes with a carbon plate on running biomechanics","authors":"Sihyun Ryu, Jaewon Kang, Sejin Kong, Y. Choi, Sukhoon Yoon, Jiseon Ryu, Sang-Kyoon Park","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199280","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, running shoes with a carbon plate embedded in the midsole have been developed to improve running performance. In 2019, Eliud Kipchoge teamed with Nike broke two-hour marathon barrier for his second attempt with a 1:59:40 finishing time. During this event, he had worn carbon plate running shoes, and people around the world became interested in carbon plate running shoes. In a study examining metabolic variables in elite running athletes (Hoogkamer et al., 2018), it was reported that carbon plate running shoes can shorten the record by about six minutes compared to normal running shoes. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of running shoes with built-in carbon plate on the running biomechanics (Barnes & Kilding, 2019; Hoogkamer et al., 2019).","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S52 - S54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49509759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199265
Saba Eshraghi, Mahshid Yazdi Far, Sobhan Moradi
Raising in the height of a shoe heel increases the pressure under the forefoot area, which leads to medical problems (Eshraghi et al., 2019). It also interferes with the human natural movement (Cronin, 2014). The conventional high heels can be more comfortable if they are being designed with an advanced technology. The wall thickness and the angle of the connected walls are important factors. The geometry of the structure has a direct effect on the stiffness and the flexibility and comfortability.
{"title":"Calculations of the optimised corrugated structure utilised in high heels","authors":"Saba Eshraghi, Mahshid Yazdi Far, Sobhan Moradi","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199265","url":null,"abstract":"Raising in the height of a shoe heel increases the pressure under the forefoot area, which leads to medical problems (Eshraghi et al., 2019). It also interferes with the human natural movement (Cronin, 2014). The conventional high heels can be more comfortable if they are being designed with an advanced technology. The wall thickness and the angle of the connected walls are important factors. The geometry of the structure has a direct effect on the stiffness and the flexibility and comfortability.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S23 - S24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43732764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199406
Y. Denis, J. Wannop, R. Trama, Anniek Vogel, D. Stefanyshyn
Shoes with rocker profiles are commonly used, as they reduce the peak plantar flexion moment, and thus, the mechanical loading on the Achilles tendon. This may be explained by the decreased peak dorsiflexion angle, increased Achilles tendon moment arm and reduced force requirement to move the ankle (Sobhani et al., 2015). Besides kinematic differences, changes in electromyography (EMG) data were also found (Hoitz et al., 2020). Previous studies showed that a certain amount of time is required for EMG to adapt while running (Mohr et al. 2022). However, since EMG data may also be associated with changes in joint velocities, it is still unknown if kinematic data also requires adaptation time for rocker footwear. It is of even greater importance for rocker shoe studies to investigate the kinematic adaptation due to the large change in outsole geometry from a conventional shoe.
通常使用带有摇杆轮廓的鞋子，因为它们减少了足底弯曲的峰值力矩，从而减少了跟腱的机械负荷。这可能是由于峰值背屈角度降低，跟腱力臂增加以及移动脚踝所需的力减少(Sobhani et al.， 2015)。除了运动学差异外，还发现肌电图(EMG)数据的变化(Hoitz et al.， 2020)。先前的研究表明，跑步时肌电图需要一定的时间来适应(Mohr et al. 2022)。然而，由于肌电数据也可能与关节速度的变化有关，因此尚不清楚运动学数据是否也需要摇椅鞋的适应时间。对于摇椅鞋的研究来说，由于外底几何形状与传统鞋相比有很大的变化，因此研究摇椅鞋的运动学适应性尤为重要。
{"title":"The influence of midsole rocker geometry on walking biomechanics","authors":"Y. Denis, J. Wannop, R. Trama, Anniek Vogel, D. Stefanyshyn","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199406","url":null,"abstract":"Shoes with rocker profiles are commonly used, as they reduce the peak plantar flexion moment, and thus, the mechanical loading on the Achilles tendon. This may be explained by the decreased peak dorsiflexion angle, increased Achilles tendon moment arm and reduced force requirement to move the ankle (Sobhani et al., 2015). Besides kinematic differences, changes in electromyography (EMG) data were also found (Hoitz et al., 2020). Previous studies showed that a certain amount of time is required for EMG to adapt while running (Mohr et al. 2022). However, since EMG data may also be associated with changes in joint velocities, it is still unknown if kinematic data also requires adaptation time for rocker footwear. It is of even greater importance for rocker shoe studies to investigate the kinematic adaptation due to the large change in outsole geometry from a conventional shoe.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S144 - S145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45430613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199706
R. Vasiljev, I. Vasiljev, Denis I. Voronin, V. Sozinov
In modern boxing, there is a complete absence of static positions (Wilson et al., 2020). The direction of movement changes with every moment of the fight, and the movements of the boxer in the ring are fast, unexpected and unpredictable for the opponent (Stanley et al., 2018). The typical boxer stance includes the boxer’s stance and fighting stance, which is asymmetrical. A boxing punch is the main offensive weapon that uses a throw of mass of the whole body in the direction of the punch. Only because of stability of the combat stance, with a relatively large area of support, effective blows are delivered by rotational movement of the torso, with the center of gravity moving from one leg to the other.
在现代拳击中，完全没有静态位置(Wilson et al.， 2020)。运动方向随着战斗的每一个时刻而变化，拳击手在拳击场上的动作是快速的，不可预测的，对对手来说是不可预测的(Stanley et al.， 2018)。典型的拳击手姿势包括拳击手的姿势和战斗的姿势，这是不对称的。拳击拳是一种主要的进攻武器，它利用了整个身体的质量在出拳的方向上。只有由于战斗姿态的稳定性和相对较大的支撑面积，有效的打击才能通过躯干的旋转运动来实现，重心从一条腿转移到另一条腿。
{"title":"Biomechanism of the impact force of the lead hook to the body in boxing and distributions of pressure under the foot","authors":"R. Vasiljev, I. Vasiljev, Denis I. Voronin, V. Sozinov","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199706","url":null,"abstract":"In modern boxing, there is a complete absence of static positions (Wilson et al., 2020). The direction of movement changes with every moment of the fight, and the movements of the boxer in the ring are fast, unexpected and unpredictable for the opponent (Stanley et al., 2018). The typical boxer stance includes the boxer’s stance and fighting stance, which is asymmetrical. A boxing punch is the main offensive weapon that uses a throw of mass of the whole body in the direction of the punch. Only because of stability of the combat stance, with a relatively large area of support, effective blows are delivered by rotational movement of the torso, with the center of gravity moving from one leg to the other.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S171 - S173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41817220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199288
Ethan Wilkie, Montgomery Bertschy, W. Albert, W. Hoogkamer
In February 2023, 52 professional, club, and collegiate level athletes broke the 4-minute mile barrier all within the span of an hour at Boston University’s indoor track facility. While this track has been known to be fast, another important common feature in this unprecedented feat was the use of what the Track & Field world refers to as ‘superspikes’. Similar to the now common modern marathon racing shoes (e.g. Nike Vaporfly), superspikes feature a lightweight, compliant, and resilient midsole foam, often combined with a stiff midsole plate. These shared characteristics in tandem with the abrupt rise of notable middle-distance and distance running performances on the track since their introduction have led to speculations as to if/how much the use of these spikes improve/contribute to a user’s performance (Healey et al., 2022). One may brush these speculatory comments off as merely anecdotal, but a growing consensus is being observed amongst athletes of all levels. So, the question is whether there is potential validity to these comments.
2023年2月，52名职业、俱乐部和大学水平的运动员在波士顿大学室内田径设施的一个小时内打破了4分钟一英里的障碍。虽然这条赛道速度很快，但在这一前所未有的壮举中，另一个重要的共同特征是使用了田径界所说的“超级钉鞋”。与现在常见的现代马拉松跑鞋(如耐克Vaporfly)类似，超级钉鞋的特点是重量轻、柔韧、有弹性的中底泡沫，通常与坚硬的中底板结合在一起。这些共同的特征与自它们被引入以来中距离和长距离跑步成绩的突然上升相结合，导致人们猜测这些尖峰的使用是否/在多大程度上改善/促进了用户的表现(Healey et al.， 2022)。人们可能会把这些推测性的评论当作轶事而不予理睬，但在各个级别的运动员中，人们正观察到一种日益增长的共识。所以，问题是这些评论是否有潜在的有效性。
{"title":"Technological advances in track spike design facilitate enhanced running performance","authors":"Ethan Wilkie, Montgomery Bertschy, W. Albert, W. Hoogkamer","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199288","url":null,"abstract":"In February 2023, 52 professional, club, and collegiate level athletes broke the 4-minute mile barrier all within the span of an hour at Boston University’s indoor track facility. While this track has been known to be fast, another important common feature in this unprecedented feat was the use of what the Track & Field world refers to as ‘superspikes’. Similar to the now common modern marathon racing shoes (e.g. Nike Vaporfly), superspikes feature a lightweight, compliant, and resilient midsole foam, often combined with a stiff midsole plate. These shared characteristics in tandem with the abrupt rise of notable middle-distance and distance running performances on the track since their introduction have led to speculations as to if/how much the use of these spikes improve/contribute to a user’s performance (Healey et al., 2022). One may brush these speculatory comments off as merely anecdotal, but a growing consensus is being observed amongst athletes of all levels. So, the question is whether there is potential validity to these comments.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S66 - S67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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