Abstract:In 1908, the Chicago Daily Tribune published a series of reports about the Bethesda Home for the Aged, detailing the events leading up to the institution’s bankruptcy and closure. Most notably, the newspaper focused attention on the role of the women at the home in resisting this upheaval and their relocation. For historians, this series of newspaper reports offers a rare—if fraught—glimpse into the lives of older women in one of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries’ most poorly documented institutional spaces. These women’s anger—as well as their perceived vulnerabilities and relationship to care work—reveal the ways in which discourses of gender and power helped to figure old age and institutional life at the intersections of charity and privatization during this historical moment in Chicago.
{"title":"The Bethesda Home: A Case Study of Older Adults, Charity, and Resistance in Progressive Era Chicago","authors":"Eric Covey","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 1908, the Chicago Daily Tribune published a series of reports about the Bethesda Home for the Aged, detailing the events leading up to the institution’s bankruptcy and closure. Most notably, the newspaper focused attention on the role of the women at the home in resisting this upheaval and their relocation. For historians, this series of newspaper reports offers a rare—if fraught—glimpse into the lives of older women in one of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries’ most poorly documented institutional spaces. These women’s anger—as well as their perceived vulnerabilities and relationship to care work—reveal the ways in which discourses of gender and power helped to figure old age and institutional life at the intersections of charity and privatization during this historical moment in Chicago.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"110 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48244649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Educating Girls and Women: The Challenges of Respectability","authors":"Linda Eisenmann","doi":"10.1353/JOWH.2021.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"188 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45014706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines the varying historical expressions of activists in Women Strike for Peace (WSP) to assess how changing gender ideology and feminist beliefs influenced the memory of the women's peace movement. A transformation in collective identity occurred among WSPers in the late 1960s, causing the group to engage with the women's movement in a way that had not previously occurred. Exploring how activists understood their past, this article reveals that leaders revised their group's historical narrative to craft a collective memory that gave WSP a history of feminist activism. This is shown most prominently in the reappraisal of Bella Abzug and the histories produced by activist Amy Swerdlow. The article argues that interpretations of the history and memory of the women's peace movement must acknowledge how gender politics change over time. It asserts the significance of this transformation for historicizing feminist beliefs among women's peace activists.
{"title":"\"Basically Feminist\": Women Strike for Peace, Maternal Peace Activism, and Memory of the Women's Peace Movement","authors":"Jon Coburn","doi":"10.1353/JOWH.2021.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the varying historical expressions of activists in Women Strike for Peace (WSP) to assess how changing gender ideology and feminist beliefs influenced the memory of the women's peace movement. A transformation in collective identity occurred among WSPers in the late 1960s, causing the group to engage with the women's movement in a way that had not previously occurred. Exploring how activists understood their past, this article reveals that leaders revised their group's historical narrative to craft a collective memory that gave WSP a history of feminist activism. This is shown most prominently in the reappraisal of Bella Abzug and the histories produced by activist Amy Swerdlow. The article argues that interpretations of the history and memory of the women's peace movement must acknowledge how gender politics change over time. It asserts the significance of this transformation for historicizing feminist beliefs among women's peace activists.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"136 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43487600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender, Family, and French Political Life","authors":"L. Frader","doi":"10.1353/JOWH.2021.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"57 8","pages":"182 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41294161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rebellion, Gender Roles and Discourses, and Historical Memories of War and Peace","authors":"S. Holguin, J. Davis","doi":"10.1353/JOWH.2021.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":" ","pages":"11 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47721973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article explores the creation of an ideology of female independence and freedom in American mountain climbers and mountain clubs from the 1870s through the early 1900s. It argues that the major mountain clubs of that era—the Appalachian Mountain Club, the Sierra Club, and the Mazamas—welcomed female members and consistently linked their physical and mental toughness, competence, and autonomy, implicitly or explicitly, to arguments for women's rights. This argument resonated precisely because mountaineering had already been closely linked with "manly" autonomy and independence, which in turn had long been the basis for citizenship claims. Thus, an ideology of female independence and freedom supported and promoted by American mountain clubs and their members helped lay the cultural foundations needed to make women's suffrage seem reasonable to the American public.
{"title":"\"A Feminine Utopia\": Mountain Climbing, Gender, and Women's Rights in Nineteenth-Century America","authors":"B. Cutter","doi":"10.1353/JOWH.2021.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores the creation of an ideology of female independence and freedom in American mountain climbers and mountain clubs from the 1870s through the early 1900s. It argues that the major mountain clubs of that era—the Appalachian Mountain Club, the Sierra Club, and the Mazamas—welcomed female members and consistently linked their physical and mental toughness, competence, and autonomy, implicitly or explicitly, to arguments for women's rights. This argument resonated precisely because mountaineering had already been closely linked with \"manly\" autonomy and independence, which in turn had long been the basis for citizenship claims. Thus, an ideology of female independence and freedom supported and promoted by American mountain clubs and their members helped lay the cultural foundations needed to make women's suffrage seem reasonable to the American public.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":" ","pages":"61 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49074911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Women's participation in medieval revolts has puzzled many scholars. Recent consensus is that women in the Low Countries were involved in a variety of insurgent activities, apart from violent actions. In this article, I will turn to a lesser-used source to investigate the different and often violent roles women played in various forms of sedition, factional wars, and uprisings in the late medieval County of Flanders. Chronicles have often been dismissed as unreliable. However, they offer an indirect insight into the stereotyped aspects of female and male roles in revolts. Various Flemish chroniclers point to the danger of female spies and secret messengers, particularly to the influence of the wives of aldermen on urban politics. These women were not described as anomalies. On the contrary, their capacity to disturb political order is a recurrent theme in narrative sources.
{"title":"Spies, instigators, and troublemakers: Gendered Perceptions of Rebellious Women in Late Medieval Flemish Chronicles","authors":"Lisa Demets","doi":"10.1353/JOWH.2021.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Women's participation in medieval revolts has puzzled many scholars. Recent consensus is that women in the Low Countries were involved in a variety of insurgent activities, apart from violent actions. In this article, I will turn to a lesser-used source to investigate the different and often violent roles women played in various forms of sedition, factional wars, and uprisings in the late medieval County of Flanders. Chronicles have often been dismissed as unreliable. However, they offer an indirect insight into the stereotyped aspects of female and male roles in revolts. Various Flemish chroniclers point to the danger of female spies and secret messengers, particularly to the influence of the wives of aldermen on urban politics. These women were not described as anomalies. On the contrary, their capacity to disturb political order is a recurrent theme in narrative sources.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"12 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44790335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:By analyzing Sibilla Aleramo's Il frustino (1932), Grazia Deledda's Annalena Bilisini (1927), Suat Derviş's Behire'nin Talipleri (1923) and Gönül gibi (1928), and Nezihe Muddin's Benliǧim benimdir! (1929), this article argues that in interwar authoritarian contexts, women writing about emotional lives functioned as political commentary and critique. By comparing Kemalist Turkey with Fascist Italy, I critically rethink transnational flows in the interwar period by examining sovereign states on the European periphery. The aformentioned authors wrote male characters who embodied a toxic masculinity that complicated notions of the Mediterranean paradigm of honor and shame. Because male love interests felt insecure or embarrassed, female characters found themselves heartbroken. The authors wrote this as a feminist affective constellation, ultimately producing resilience and courage. By studying the experiential, emotional, and affective dimensions of Italian and Turkish women's literature, historians can more comprehensively analyze the authoritarian experience.
{"title":"Bad Romance: Toxic Masculinity, Love, and Heartbreak in Interwar Italian and Turkish Women's Novels, 1923–32","authors":"Kara A. Peruccio","doi":"10.1353/JOWH.2021.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:By analyzing Sibilla Aleramo's Il frustino (1932), Grazia Deledda's Annalena Bilisini (1927), Suat Derviş's Behire'nin Talipleri (1923) and Gönül gibi (1928), and Nezihe Muddin's Benliǧim benimdir! (1929), this article argues that in interwar authoritarian contexts, women writing about emotional lives functioned as political commentary and critique. By comparing Kemalist Turkey with Fascist Italy, I critically rethink transnational flows in the interwar period by examining sovereign states on the European periphery. The aformentioned authors wrote male characters who embodied a toxic masculinity that complicated notions of the Mediterranean paradigm of honor and shame. Because male love interests felt insecure or embarrassed, female characters found themselves heartbroken. The authors wrote this as a feminist affective constellation, ultimately producing resilience and courage. By studying the experiential, emotional, and affective dimensions of Italian and Turkish women's literature, historians can more comprehensively analyze the authoritarian experience.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"35 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/JOWH.2021.0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47274801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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