Abstract:This article reconstructs the life of Marie Piquemal, a French woman turned colonial madam, to explore the world of white prostitution in colonial Dakar, Senegal, in the first half of the twentieth century. White brothel prostitution required the migration of white French women from the metropole to supply these institutions. By providing white French men with sexual access to white sex workers, brothel keepers like Piquemal helped to curb the development of interracial intimacy at a time when sexual-conjugal unions across the color line were becoming increasingly controversial. This article thus argues that brothel keepers played a key role in reifying racial boundaries upon which colonial rule rested, especially within an empire that claimed to be race blind. Although French authorities were aware of the migration of French women for sexual labor between metropole and colony, they condoned this process in an effort to maintain the racial status quo.
{"title":"Marie Piquemal, the \"Colonial Madam\": Brothel Prostitution, Migration, and the Making of Whiteness in Interwar Dakar","authors":"C. Séquin","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article reconstructs the life of Marie Piquemal, a French woman turned colonial madam, to explore the world of white prostitution in colonial Dakar, Senegal, in the first half of the twentieth century. White brothel prostitution required the migration of white French women from the metropole to supply these institutions. By providing white French men with sexual access to white sex workers, brothel keepers like Piquemal helped to curb the development of interracial intimacy at a time when sexual-conjugal unions across the color line were becoming increasingly controversial. This article thus argues that brothel keepers played a key role in reifying racial boundaries upon which colonial rule rested, especially within an empire that claimed to be race blind. Although French authorities were aware of the migration of French women for sexual labor between metropole and colony, they condoned this process in an effort to maintain the racial status quo.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"118 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43136433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines a story that appeared in various Mexican newspapers and magazines from 1940 to 1943: Mexican dancers were being taken to the Panama Canal Zone not only to work in cabaret shows but also to offer sexual services to US military men. Using this case study, this article shows that discourses of "trafficking" were as much about the transnational entertainment industry as they were about the sex industry. Policy makers, who viewed with suspicion venues that employed women and offered alcohol, music, and variety performances, often attempted to regulate the social and sexual interactions that happened inside, particularly when they attracted people from different social classes, races, and ethnicities. These regulations would also define which women were victims and which ones were responsible for their own situation.
{"title":"\"White Slavery\" and Cabarets: Mexican Artists in Panama in the 1940s","authors":"Pamela J. Fuentes","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines a story that appeared in various Mexican newspapers and magazines from 1940 to 1943: Mexican dancers were being taken to the Panama Canal Zone not only to work in cabaret shows but also to offer sexual services to US military men. Using this case study, this article shows that discourses of \"trafficking\" were as much about the transnational entertainment industry as they were about the sex industry. Policy makers, who viewed with suspicion venues that employed women and offered alcohol, music, and variety performances, often attempted to regulate the social and sexual interactions that happened inside, particularly when they attracted people from different social classes, races, and ethnicities. These regulations would also define which women were victims and which ones were responsible for their own situation.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"142 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48085934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixed-Race Adoptees and Transnational Adoption","authors":"Kimberly D. Mckee","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"231 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44488798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Caging Violence: Feminisms, Harm, and the US Carceral State","authors":"P. Renfro","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"173 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44558492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In this article, I argue that Native women who attended Haskell Institute, an off-reservation federal Indian boarding school, participated in athletic programs as a means to further their own cultural sporting traditions and resist colonial expectations about Native women’s bodies. I also argue that Native women’s participation in Western sports such as basketball provides a new and necessary approach to the study of women’s sport history as it showcases the fraught relationship between sport, empire, and the production of normative femininity. This article, then, is both a history of women’s basketball and gender production at the turn of the twentieth century. Importantly, my focus on sport illuminates how athletic participation and physical culture created and changed ideologies of femininity and race, rather than just serving as a representation of gender norms within this particular historical context.
{"title":"Playing the Game: Sport, Gender, and the Haskell Indian Boarding School, 1890–1930","authors":"Bethany A. H. Eby","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, I argue that Native women who attended Haskell Institute, an off-reservation federal Indian boarding school, participated in athletic programs as a means to further their own cultural sporting traditions and resist colonial expectations about Native women’s bodies. I also argue that Native women’s participation in Western sports such as basketball provides a new and necessary approach to the study of women’s sport history as it showcases the fraught relationship between sport, empire, and the production of normative femininity. This article, then, is both a history of women’s basketball and gender production at the turn of the twentieth century. Importantly, my focus on sport illuminates how athletic participation and physical culture created and changed ideologies of femininity and race, rather than just serving as a representation of gender norms within this particular historical context.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"109 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48649037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Happened to Women in Histories of Hollywood?","authors":"Shelley Stamp","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"162 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42023779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Set against the background of uneven US-Japan postwar relations and a gendered media discourse, this article explores the early transformation of Japanese women’s professional wrestling, focusing particularly on the blurred boundary between women’s societal constraints and their own agency. Originating in 1948 on US military bases with a mixed-gender wrestling match between two older brothers and a younger sister seeking to support their family, the siblings, with a few others, soon shifted to presenting all-female bouts before American and Japanese audiences. The American female wrestlers’ tour in 1954 sparked the proliferation of women’s professional wrestling in Japan, inspiring more women to become wrestlers. In recent years, scholars of early postwar Japanese popular culture have applied a gendered lens to discourses of nation, sexuality, and intimacy. In keeping with this practice and to further complicate the field, this article argues that through the examination of the experience of women in the conspicuously gendered entertainment of wrestling, the tension between the “liberation” promoted by Americans and the patriarchal demands of postwar Japanese society is revealed.
{"title":"From the Stage to the Ring: The Early Years of Japanese Women’s Professional Wrestling, 1948–1956","authors":"Tomoko Seto","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Set against the background of uneven US-Japan postwar relations and a gendered media discourse, this article explores the early transformation of Japanese women’s professional wrestling, focusing particularly on the blurred boundary between women’s societal constraints and their own agency. Originating in 1948 on US military bases with a mixed-gender wrestling match between two older brothers and a younger sister seeking to support their family, the siblings, with a few others, soon shifted to presenting all-female bouts before American and Japanese audiences. The American female wrestlers’ tour in 1954 sparked the proliferation of women’s professional wrestling in Japan, inspiring more women to become wrestlers. In recent years, scholars of early postwar Japanese popular culture have applied a gendered lens to discourses of nation, sexuality, and intimacy. In keeping with this practice and to further complicate the field, this article argues that through the examination of the experience of women in the conspicuously gendered entertainment of wrestling, the tension between the “liberation” promoted by Americans and the patriarchal demands of postwar Japanese society is revealed.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"61 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43071752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Subaltern studies, and postcolonial scholarship more broadly, has perceptively analyzed women’s conditions in colonial India. Recent scholarship, however, has demonstrated the limitations of these approaches for understanding women’s struggles against the interconnected problems of patriarchy and upper-caste power. This article builds on and extends this critical task. It demonstrates that Tamil Buddhist women and men in early twentieth-century Tamil Nadu repudiated privileged-caste patriarchy precisely because they understood caste and gender to be mutually constitutive. Through an analysis of the archive of The Tamilian (1907–1914), a weekly newspaper of the Tamil Buddhist movement, this study suggests that Tamil Buddhists argued that caste-based patriarchal power ascended during the colonial era by marginalizing Indian women in general, and by othering lower-caste and untouchable women and men, in particular. This necessitated the mobilization of Tamil Buddhists around critical caste feminism in colonial India.
{"title":"Colonialism, Caste, and Gender: The Emergence of Critical Caste Feminism in Modern South India","authors":"Gajendran Ayyathurai","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Subaltern studies, and postcolonial scholarship more broadly, has perceptively analyzed women’s conditions in colonial India. Recent scholarship, however, has demonstrated the limitations of these approaches for understanding women’s struggles against the interconnected problems of patriarchy and upper-caste power. This article builds on and extends this critical task. It demonstrates that Tamil Buddhist women and men in early twentieth-century Tamil Nadu repudiated privileged-caste patriarchy precisely because they understood caste and gender to be mutually constitutive. Through an analysis of the archive of The Tamilian (1907–1914), a weekly newspaper of the Tamil Buddhist movement, this study suggests that Tamil Buddhists argued that caste-based patriarchal power ascended during the colonial era by marginalizing Indian women in general, and by othering lower-caste and untouchable women and men, in particular. This necessitated the mobilization of Tamil Buddhists around critical caste feminism in colonial India.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"133 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44433599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creating During Crisis: The Development of the Black HERstory 101 Podcast","authors":"C. Moten","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"157 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45999807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The completion of the American transcontinental railroad in 1869 coincided with great political controversies over the practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormon Church) and its influence in the American West. Previous histories of this period pay little attention to how Mormon women and images of them influenced Utah Territory’s political and economic landscape. Male church leaders, church “apostates,” politicians, and other commentators debated the impact that the railroad and its expensive cargoes would have on Mormon women’s bodies, households, and polygamous marriages. Meanwhile, a cohort of elite, white Mormon women formed the Senior and Junior Retrenchment Association. From 1869 to 1877, members of the retrenchment movement attempted to reject imported fashions and embrace a homemade, “tasteful” aesthetic, instead. In this context, dress emerged as a tool to negotiate complex loyalties to middle-class respectability as well as the Mormon Church’s spiritual and temporal kingdom-building project in the Great Basin region. These clashes over Mormonism and the transcontinental railroad mobilized and entrenched emerging ideals of American consumer citizenship.
{"title":"A Common Struggle for Refinement: Mormon Women, Railroad Reconstruction, and the Politics of Respectability in Salt Lake City, 1869–1877","authors":"Sasha Coles","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2021.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2021.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The completion of the American transcontinental railroad in 1869 coincided with great political controversies over the practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormon Church) and its influence in the American West. Previous histories of this period pay little attention to how Mormon women and images of them influenced Utah Territory’s political and economic landscape. Male church leaders, church “apostates,” politicians, and other commentators debated the impact that the railroad and its expensive cargoes would have on Mormon women’s bodies, households, and polygamous marriages. Meanwhile, a cohort of elite, white Mormon women formed the Senior and Junior Retrenchment Association. From 1869 to 1877, members of the retrenchment movement attempted to reject imported fashions and embrace a homemade, “tasteful” aesthetic, instead. In this context, dress emerged as a tool to negotiate complex loyalties to middle-class respectability as well as the Mormon Church’s spiritual and temporal kingdom-building project in the Great Basin region. These clashes over Mormonism and the transcontinental railroad mobilized and entrenched emerging ideals of American consumer citizenship.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"33 1","pages":"36 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46074718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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