Journal of Womens History最新文献

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Causal Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Risk of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children: A Mendelian Randomization Study. 身体质量指数与儿童患中耳积液风险之间的因果关系：孟德尔随机研究

IF 0.6 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04161-x

Jingwen Cao, Wei Liu, Zixuan Yang, Gaoya Qu, Cuiping Zhong

Background: Body mass index(BMI) in children appears to be associated with Otitis media with effusion(OME) in observational studies, but the causal relationship is not clear.

Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to explore the causal relationship between childhood BMI and OME in people of European ancestry. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of childhood BMI were used as exposures (n = 61,111), while GWAS of OME were used as outcomes (n = 429,290). The weighted inverse variance method (IVW) was used as a baseline method to test for causality. In addition, MR-Egger, simple mode analysis, weighted median, and weighted mode were used as complementary methods.MR-PRESSO analysis, MR-Egger intercept analysis, and Cochran's Q statistical analysis were also used to detect possible directional heterogeneity and polymorphism. To assess this association, we used ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (ci). All statistical analyses were performed in R.

Results: We selected 22 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from GWAS as instrumental variables (IVW). the IVW approach showed evidence supporting a causal relationship between BMI and OME in children (β = 0.265, SE = 0.113, P = 0.018). MR-Egger regression showed that targeted polymorphisms were unlikely to bias the results bias (intercept=-0.022; P = 0.488), but there was no causal relationship between BMI and OME (β = 0.584, SE = 0.465, P = 0.224). Although the results of the IVW and MR Egger analyses were not consistent, the IVW analysis maintained higher precision, and the Cochran Q test, heterogeneity and polymorphism tests showed no heterogeneity, no directionality and no polymorphism.

Conclusions: MR studies suggest that genetically predicted body mass index in childhood is associated with an increased risk of OME. Notably, given the limitations of this study, the mechanism of association between body mass index and OME in childhood needs further investigation. These results support the importance of effective management of obesity, which may reduce OME occurrence and decrease OME recurrence.

背景：在观察性研究中，儿童的体重指数（BMI）似乎与中耳积液（OME）有关，但其因果关系尚不清楚：方法：采用双样本孟德尔随机化（MR）研究来探讨欧洲血统人群中儿童体重指数与中耳积液之间的因果关系。儿童体重指数的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）被用作暴露因子（n = 61,111），而 OME 的 GWAS 被用作结果（n = 429,290）。加权逆方差法（IVW）被用作检验因果关系的基线方法。此外，我们还使用了 MR-Egger、简单模式分析、加权中位数和加权模式作为补充方法。MR-PRESSO 分析、MR-Egger 截距分析和 Cochran's Q 统计分析也用于检测可能存在的方向异质性和多态性。为了评估这种关联性，我们使用了带有 95% 置信区间 (ci) 的比值比 (OR)。所有统计分析均在 R.Results 中进行：我们从 GWAS 中选择了 22 个全基因组范围内的重要单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）作为工具变量（IVW）。IVW 方法显示，有证据支持儿童体重指数（BMI）与 OME 之间存在因果关系（β = 0.265，SE = 0.113，P = 0.018）。MR-Egger回归显示，目标多态性不太可能使结果出现偏差（截距=-0.022；P=0.488），但BMI与OME之间没有因果关系（β=0.584，SE=0.465，P=0.224）。虽然IVW和MR Egger分析结果不一致，但IVW分析保持了较高的精确度，Cochran Q检验、异质性和多态性检验显示无异质性、无方向性和无多态性：磁共振研究表明，遗传预测的儿童期体重指数与OME风险增加有关。值得注意的是，鉴于本研究的局限性，儿童期体重指数与 OME 之间的关联机制还需进一步研究。这些结果支持了有效控制肥胖的重要性，这可能会减少OME的发生并降低OME的复发率。

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引用次数: 0

The Immigrants of BUMIDOM and Their Resistance to Employment Assignments BUMIDOM移民及其对就业分配的抵制

IF 0.3 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905192

Nora Eguienta, Sylvain Pattieu, S. C. Kaplan

Abstract:The Bureau pour le développement des migrations dans les départements d’outre-mer (Office for the Development of Immigration in the Overseas Departments of France, or BUMIDOM), created by France in 1963, oversaw the immigration of some two hundred thousand people from the Overseas Departments, about a third of whom were women, to metropolitan France between 1963 and 1982. These immigrants were subjected to strictly controlled employment assignments. These women, mostly Black women succeeded, partially, in escaping them. Without comprising a Black feminist movement per se, these women demonstrated a desire for emancipation and a capacity for agency through different strategies. Although their social and economic situation did not put them in a dominant position, they were still not entirely defenseless against BUMIDOM, whose capacity to control the women was limited and which appeared to be a weak institution. Thus, these immigrants’ assorted paths are reminiscent of other forms of contemporary Black feminisms in which Antillean women have long distinguished themselves.

摘要：法国于1963年成立了移民发展局（法国海外部移民发展办公室），负责监督1963年至1982年间约20万人从海外部移民到法国大都市，其中约三分之一是女性。这些移民接受严格控制的就业任务。这些女性，大多是黑人女性，部分成功地逃离了她们。在没有黑人女权主义运动本身的情况下，这些女性表现出了解放的愿望和通过不同策略发挥作用的能力。尽管她们的社会和经济状况并没有使她们处于主导地位，但她们仍然不是完全没有抵抗BUMIDOM的能力，BUMIDOM控制妇女的能力有限，而且似乎是一个薄弱的机构。因此，这些移民的各种道路让人想起了当代黑人女权主义者的其他形式，在这些形式中，安的列斯妇女长期以来一直脱颖而出。

引用次数: 0

“The Ministry of Women’s Affairs will not be Feminist”: Jeanne Gervais and Gender Complementarity in Côte d’Ivoire “妇女事务部不会是女权主义者”:Côte科特迪瓦的珍妮·热尔韦和两性互补

IF 0.3 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905189

Elizabeth Jacob

Abstract:This article traces the life and politics of Jeanne Gervais, the first Minister of Women’s Affairs in Côte d’Ivoire. Although she devoted her political career to projects for women’s empowerment, she consistently eschewed the term “feminist,” emphasizing instead the principle of gender complementarity that lay at the heart of her endeavors. Yet Gervais was far from conservative or out of step with the 1970s global women’s movement. Rather, her position reflected a desire to reconcile West African conceptions of motherhood with the postcolonial imperatives for development.

摘要:本文追溯了Côte科特迪瓦首任妇女事务部长Jeanne Gervais的生活和政治。尽管她将自己的政治生涯奉献给了赋予女性权力的项目，但她一直回避“女权主义者”这个词，而是强调性别互补的原则，这是她努力的核心。然而，热尔韦并不保守，也不与20世纪70年代的全球妇女运动脱节。相反，她的立场反映了一种愿望，即调和西非母性观念与后殖民时期发展的必要性。

引用次数: 0

Contexts and Spaces of Intersectionality: The Black Feminism and Internationalism of Lydie Dooh-Bunya, 1970–1990 交叉性的语境与空间：李的黑人女权主义与国际主义，1970–1990

IF 0.3 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905193

Pamela Ohene-Nyako, S. C. Kaplan

Abstract:This article retraces the local and transnational ideas and activism of Lydie Dooh-Bunya, a French novelist, journalist, and activist from Cameroon. Its objective is to understand how Dooh-Bunya’s life experiences as well as the sociopolitical, intellectual, and activist contexts to which she had access contributed to the articulation and practice of a specific form of feminism at the intersection of colonialism, patriarchy, and racism, and how it evolved through her interactions both local and global. Through the tools offered by biographic and transnational approaches, this research contributes to the historiography of Black women’s and people’s agency and internationalism, and historicizes an intersectionality resulting from intellectual thought and lived experiences.

摘要：本文追溯了来自喀麦隆的法国小说家、记者和活动家Lydie Dooh Bunya的本土和跨国思想和行动主义。其目的是了解杜的生活经历以及她所接触到的社会政治、知识和活动家背景如何在殖民主义、父权制和种族主义的交叉点上促进了一种特定形式的女权主义的表达和实践，以及它是如何通过她在当地和全球的互动而演变的。通过传记和跨国方法提供的工具，这项研究有助于黑人妇女和人民的能动性和国际主义的史学，并将智力思想和生活经历产生的交叉性历史化。

引用次数: 0

Interview of Michèle Magema, Mixed-media Artist 采访混合媒体艺术家mich<e:1> Magema

IF 0.3 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905194

Jacqueline Couti, Michèle Magema

引用次数: 0

The Gendered Consequences of Abolition and Citizenship on Nineteenth-Century Gorée Island 19世纪gorsame岛废除奴隶制和公民权的性别后果

IF 0.3 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905188

Sarah J. Zimmerman

Abstract:In the spring of 1848, the French Second Republic abolished slavery and made citizens of most adult male residents in its overseas territories. Gorée Island (Senegal) became a French exclave, where free and freed women experienced socioeconomic and political decline. The patriarchal French state that “liberated” enslaved women and “enfranchised” former female slave owners simultaneously limited Goréen women’s avenues to economic prosperity and political authority. French republicanism unsettled a significant sociopolitical distinction, the slave–nonslave divide, making gender a more salient factor mediating Goréens’ access to liberty and the public sphere. Goréen women experienced their formal integration into the Second French Republic—with the regime’s patriarchal republican laws and institutions—as colonialism. Goréens became members of a French Republic that championed universal equality, gendered difference, and patriarchy. French republican tenets excluded Goréen women from civic politics and the public sphere and created female colonial subjects on an island of citizens.

摘要:1848年春，法兰西第二共和国废除了奴隶制，使海外领地的大部分成年男性居民成为公民。戈莱姆岛(塞内加尔)成为法国的飞地，在那里，自由和被解放的妇女经历了社会经济和政治上的衰落。法国父权国家“解放”了被奴役的妇女，同时“解放”了前女奴隶主，限制了gorsamen妇女获得经济繁荣和政治权威的途径。法国的共和主义打破了一个重要的社会政治区分，即奴隶和非奴隶的区分，使得性别成为影响gorsamens获得自由和公共领域的一个更突出的因素。gorsamen妇女在正式融入法兰西第二共和国的过程中经历了殖民主义，而法兰西第二共和国的法律和制度是父权制的。gorsamens成为法兰西共和国的一员，这个共和国倡导普遍平等、性别差异和父权制。法国共和国的信条将gorsamen妇女排除在公民政治和公共领域之外，并在公民的岛屿上创造了女性殖民主体。

引用次数: 0

Beyond Translation 超越翻译

IF 0.3 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905186

J. Davis, S. Holguin

引用次数: 4

Slavery’s Handmaidens: Gender, Sex, and Reproduction in the Black Atlantic 奴隶制的使女：黑大西洋的性别、性和生殖

IF 0.3 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905197

K. Brown

引用次数: 0

Roundtable on Women’s Traversing Paths: Forms of Political Engagement and Production of Knowledge 妇女前进道路圆桌会议：政治参与和知识生产的形式

IF 0.3 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905195

Jocelyne Béroard, Jacqueline Couti, B. Dembélé, Joëlle Kapompole, Rose Ndengue, Fania Noël

引用次数: 0

Elegant Incursions: Fashion, Music, and Gender Dissidence in 1950s Brazzaville and Kinshasa 优雅的入侵:20世纪50年代布拉柴维尔和金沙萨的时尚、音乐和性别异议

IF 0.3 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of Womens History

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2023.a905191

Charlotte Grabli

Abstract:This article retraces the history of Congolese “elegance clubs,” women’s associations that worked in the realms of fashion and music in the 1950s. As they achieved huge visibility and social power in the twin cities of Brazzaville and Leopoldville (today Kinshasa), elegance clubs broadened women’s access to the city while carving out spaces for gender dissidence. This article explores their “elegant incursions” in the cities while recovering women’s voices all too rarely heard when read primarily through repressed phenomena such as prostitution. It analyzes the activity and experience of elegance clubs’ members, women radio presenters, singers, and journalists and their claims about mobility, pleasure, fame, and female respectability.

摘要：本文回顾了20世纪50年代在时尚和音乐领域工作的刚果“优雅俱乐部”的历史。随着优雅俱乐部在布拉柴维尔和利奥波德维尔（今天的金沙萨）这两个双子城市获得了巨大的知名度和社会权力，她们扩大了女性进入这座城市的机会，同时为性别异议开辟了空间。这篇文章探讨了她们在城市中的“优雅入侵”，同时恢复了女性的声音——当主要通过卖淫等被压抑的现象阅读时，这些声音很少被听到。它分析了优雅俱乐部成员、女性电台主持人、歌手和记者的活动和经历，以及他们对流动性、快乐、名声和女性尊严的主张。

引用次数: 0

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