Abstract:In 1895 Mexico's National Museum inaugurated a new exhibition: a teratology (birth malformation) salon. The exhibit featured seventy-five preserved or desiccated specimens as well as photographs of others, many of which were featured in a guide to the exhibit that the museum produced. Various exceptional livestock animals dominated the collection, but the catalog also included drawings of a gigantesque man; another with curled hands and feet and crooked articulations in his shoulders, elbows, and knees; and a third with horns growing out of the side of his head. This article uses the salon's catalog along with correspondence from Museo Nacional staff, records from the National Medical School, and medical scholarship to examine the origins, motivations, and ideological orientation of the National Museum's teratology salon and its links to contemporary obstetrical practices and nationalistic concerns.
{"title":"The Monstrous Nation: The 1895 Salon de Anomalías in Mexico's National Museum, 1895","authors":"Nora E. Jaffary","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 1895 Mexico's National Museum inaugurated a new exhibition: a teratology (birth malformation) salon. The exhibit featured seventy-five preserved or desiccated specimens as well as photographs of others, many of which were featured in a guide to the exhibit that the museum produced. Various exceptional livestock animals dominated the collection, but the catalog also included drawings of a gigantesque man; another with curled hands and feet and crooked articulations in his shoulders, elbows, and knees; and a third with horns growing out of the side of his head. This article uses the salon's catalog along with correspondence from Museo Nacional staff, records from the National Medical School, and medical scholarship to examine the origins, motivations, and ideological orientation of the National Museum's teratology salon and its links to contemporary obstetrical practices and nationalistic concerns.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"11 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48740064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Care, Community, and Higher Ed Administration","authors":"E. Lehfeldt","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"141 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49338412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Material Utopianism: Feminist Movement Building in the Twentieth Century","authors":"Agatha Beins","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"146 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44752249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Although the history of reproductive politics in Mexico is long, this article focuses on one short period of that history—a year that featured an explosive national debate over opposing human rights claims made by feminists and pro-life activists as they argued over a law passed in 1990 by the Chiapas state legislature to decriminalize abortion. Claims by feminists that legal abortion was necessary to realize women's human rights collided with pro-life claims for human rights protections from conception. While the positioning of the right to abortion at the center of women's human rights claims has been effective at garnering support for legal abortion, it also reveals a dilemma of human rights campaigns, the tendency to focus on legal rights as universally relevant to all women and the failure to attend to the particular, and often economic, needs and demands of women in diverse historical and geographic contexts.
{"title":"Feminism, Human Rights, and Abortion Debates in Mexico","authors":"Jennifer J. Nelson","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Although the history of reproductive politics in Mexico is long, this article focuses on one short period of that history—a year that featured an explosive national debate over opposing human rights claims made by feminists and pro-life activists as they argued over a law passed in 1990 by the Chiapas state legislature to decriminalize abortion. Claims by feminists that legal abortion was necessary to realize women's human rights collided with pro-life claims for human rights protections from conception. While the positioning of the right to abortion at the center of women's human rights claims has been effective at garnering support for legal abortion, it also reveals a dilemma of human rights campaigns, the tendency to focus on legal rights as universally relevant to all women and the failure to attend to the particular, and often economic, needs and demands of women in diverse historical and geographic contexts.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"298 1","pages":"119 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41279738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:At the end of the eighteenth century, Edward Jenner discovered that exposure to cowpox provided safe and effective immunity to smallpox, one of the world’s deadliest diseases. Using an array of printed and archival documentation, this article explores how as word of the world’s first vaccine spread to Spain and its empire, smallpox vaccination was initially associated with women. In fact, medical practitioners initially relied on elite women to promote vaccination, advocated teaching women to vaccinate their own children, and even created pamphlets to instruct them in the procedure. However, the mechanisms that the Spanish Crown used to extend access to the vaccine both in Spain and across the Americas quickly transformed the simple procedure into a medical operation to be performed only by male medical professionals.
{"title":"“An Operation More Appropriate for Women”: The Gendering of Smallpox Vaccination in the Spanish Empire","authors":"Allyson M. Poska","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:At the end of the eighteenth century, Edward Jenner discovered that exposure to cowpox provided safe and effective immunity to smallpox, one of the world’s deadliest diseases. Using an array of printed and archival documentation, this article explores how as word of the world’s first vaccine spread to Spain and its empire, smallpox vaccination was initially associated with women. In fact, medical practitioners initially relied on elite women to promote vaccination, advocated teaching women to vaccinate their own children, and even created pamphlets to instruct them in the procedure. However, the mechanisms that the Spanish Crown used to extend access to the vaccine both in Spain and across the Americas quickly transformed the simple procedure into a medical operation to be performed only by male medical professionals.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"25 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41643949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article addresses the work of Jeanne M. Stellman, a major figure in women’s occupational health during the 1970s and 1980s, when women’s labor force participation, demands for workplace equality, and exposure to occupational risk changed the political landscape of the United States. Using a range of archival and published sources, it shows how Stellman played an important role in the larger movement of women’s health activism by expanding our definition of occupational risk to include psychological stress but also the impact of new technologies, such as video display terminals (VDT). An occupational health and safety expert, Stellman questioned the gender bias of medical science, especially its perception of women’s special vulnerability to reproductive health hazards. With the introduction of fetal protection policies, Stellman joined a cohort of health activists asserting women’s right to both workplace protection and workplace equality, and established a Women’s Occupational Health Resource Center to further the work.
{"title":"In the Shadow of Tragedy: Jeanne M. Stellman and the Work of the Women’s Occupational Health Resource Center","authors":"Amanda L. Walter, Elizabeth Faue","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article addresses the work of Jeanne M. Stellman, a major figure in women’s occupational health during the 1970s and 1980s, when women’s labor force participation, demands for workplace equality, and exposure to occupational risk changed the political landscape of the United States. Using a range of archival and published sources, it shows how Stellman played an important role in the larger movement of women’s health activism by expanding our definition of occupational risk to include psychological stress but also the impact of new technologies, such as video display terminals (VDT). An occupational health and safety expert, Stellman questioned the gender bias of medical science, especially its perception of women’s special vulnerability to reproductive health hazards. With the introduction of fetal protection policies, Stellman joined a cohort of health activists asserting women’s right to both workplace protection and workplace equality, and established a Women’s Occupational Health Resource Center to further the work.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"114 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:During the 1980s and 1990s, the National Black Women’s Health Project (NBWHP) conceptualized gender violence within the Black community primarily as an issue of Black women’s health. Like other gender and racial health disparities, rape and battering derived from systemic oppression and could be treated through politically engaged “self-help” counseling. This stood in contrast to the narrow framing of gender violence as a crime issue in mainstream American politics and feminist anti-violence groups. The NBWHP’s unique interpretation compelled them to oppose the Violence Against Women Act of 1994, now understood as a touchstone of carceral feminism. Attending to their overlooked activism prompts a rethinking of the intertwining of the anti-violence-against-women movement and the US carceral state in the late twentieth century. It also shows that anti-violence organizing rooted in Black feminist politics survived the conservative turn of the 1980s.
{"title":"“The First Thing We Cry About is Violence”: The National Black Women’s Health Project and the Fight Against Rape and Battering","authors":"Caitlin Reed Wiesner","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:During the 1980s and 1990s, the National Black Women’s Health Project (NBWHP) conceptualized gender violence within the Black community primarily as an issue of Black women’s health. Like other gender and racial health disparities, rape and battering derived from systemic oppression and could be treated through politically engaged “self-help” counseling. This stood in contrast to the narrow framing of gender violence as a crime issue in mainstream American politics and feminist anti-violence groups. The NBWHP’s unique interpretation compelled them to oppose the Violence Against Women Act of 1994, now understood as a touchstone of carceral feminism. Attending to their overlooked activism prompts a rethinking of the intertwining of the anti-violence-against-women movement and the US carceral state in the late twentieth century. It also shows that anti-violence organizing rooted in Black feminist politics survived the conservative turn of the 1980s.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"71 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42730143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women and Health Care","authors":"J. Davis, S. Holguin","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44948799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Narrating the History of Women’s History","authors":"Monica Pacini","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"120 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47210673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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