{"title":"Diverse Explorations of Early Female Celebrity in America","authors":"Renée M. Sentilles, M. Nichole","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"143 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48849940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who's Working Class? Centering Women in US Labor History","authors":"Keona K. Ervin","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"132 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48867590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Reading the medicalization of US immigration policy in tandem with the feminization and juvenation of suicide in early twentieth-century newspapers, I argue that US exceptionalism sits on a perdurable and widespread embrace of eugenics ideals, traceable to the years around World War I. Cast by journalists and scientists as a public health hazard, the so-called "girl suicide epidemic" symptomizes a patriarchal society's efforts to pathologize gender, class, ethnic, and psychogenic differences through the weaponization of renewed public concerns about women's social roles, national belonging, and infectious disease control. By contextualizing archival research on early twentieth-century newspapers with immigration legislation, eugenic theory, and psychology literature, I aim to enter feminist efforts to challenge an idea of sovereign US citizenship defined by Anglo-Saxon male whiteness and homogenous wellness.
{"title":"The \"Girl Suicide Epidemic\" of the 1910s: Pain and Prejudice in US Newspapers","authors":"Diana W. Anselmo","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Reading the medicalization of US immigration policy in tandem with the feminization and juvenation of suicide in early twentieth-century newspapers, I argue that US exceptionalism sits on a perdurable and widespread embrace of eugenics ideals, traceable to the years around World War I. Cast by journalists and scientists as a public health hazard, the so-called \"girl suicide epidemic\" symptomizes a patriarchal society's efforts to pathologize gender, class, ethnic, and psychogenic differences through the weaponization of renewed public concerns about women's social roles, national belonging, and infectious disease control. By contextualizing archival research on early twentieth-century newspapers with immigration legislation, eugenic theory, and psychology literature, I aim to enter feminist efforts to challenge an idea of sovereign US citizenship defined by Anglo-Saxon male whiteness and homogenous wellness.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"34 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43567571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Special Issue elucidates how Mexican obstetricians, mothers, feminists, scientists, and politicians understood the intersections of reproduction and birth control with the politics of national identity and modernization over the course of a century. Each article investigates these changes within a global context, given that Mexican women and men working in and advocating for reproductive health participated in transnational networks that mobilized concerns about pronatalism, eugenics, sexuality
{"title":"Introduction: Special Issue: Reproduction, Contraception, and Obstetrics in Modern Mexico","authors":"Laura Shelton, Martha Liliana Espinosa Tavares","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This Special Issue elucidates how Mexican obstetricians, mothers, feminists, scientists, and politicians understood the intersections of reproduction and birth control with the politics of national identity and modernization over the course of a century. Each article investigates these changes within a global context, given that Mexican women and men working in and advocating for reproductive health participated in transnational networks that mobilized concerns about pronatalism, eugenics, sexuality","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"10 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42554917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Beginning in 1958, Dr. Edris Rice-Wray established the Asociación Pro-Salud Maternal (Association for Maternal Health) clinics in Mexico where low-income women could explore family planning options. Using transnational collaborations to fund and supply contraception across the US-Mexico border, the asociación created space for women to claim their reproductive rights. The subsequent increased pressure from urban women, their priests, and their doctors for access to birth control forced the state to accommodate their needs by changing national family planning laws in 1974. This article examines the transnational work of Rice-Wray to reveal the political, religious, social, and economic challenges to birth control experienced by women in mid-twentieth-century Mexico.
摘要:从1958年开始,Edris Rice Wray博士在墨西哥建立了Asociación Pro Salud孕产妇诊所(孕产妇健康协会),低收入妇女可以在那里探索计划生育的选择。该协会利用跨国合作为美墨边境的避孕提供资金和供应,为妇女争取生育权利创造了空间。随后,来自城市妇女、她们的牧师和医生要求获得节育的压力越来越大,迫使国家在1974年修改了国家计划生育法,以满足她们的需求。本文考察了Rice Wray的跨国工作,以揭示二十世纪中期墨西哥妇女在节育方面面临的政治、宗教、社会和经济挑战。
{"title":"\"There Was No 'Family Planning Movement,' There Was Just Us\": The Asociación Pro-Salud Maternal and Birth Control in 1960s Mexico","authors":"Stephanie Baker Opperman","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Beginning in 1958, Dr. Edris Rice-Wray established the Asociación Pro-Salud Maternal (Association for Maternal Health) clinics in Mexico where low-income women could explore family planning options. Using transnational collaborations to fund and supply contraception across the US-Mexico border, the asociación created space for women to claim their reproductive rights. The subsequent increased pressure from urban women, their priests, and their doctors for access to birth control forced the state to accommodate their needs by changing national family planning laws in 1974. This article examines the transnational work of Rice-Wray to reveal the political, religious, social, and economic challenges to birth control experienced by women in mid-twentieth-century Mexico.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"118 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41563472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Population growth in the so-called third world countries became a cause for international concern at the dawn of the Cold War era. In this scenario, Mexico, whose total population doubled every twenty years, became one of the main preoccupations for the emergent global population control movement. While most accounts on the history of family planning in Mexico have tended to focus on the mid-1970s, when the government abandoned its pro-natalist stance, this article demonstrates that, by that time, American and Mexican actors had already launched a systematic effort to implement family planning programs. This work explores the history of the creation of Mexico's first family planning clinic, founded in 1959 by American doctor Edris Rice-Wray, and the subsequent development of national associations and programs that, with the support of the Population Council and the Ford Foundation, provided family planning services throughout the 1960s.
{"title":"\"They are Coming in So Fast That if We Had Publicity About the Clinic We Would Be Swamped\": Edris Rice-Wray, the First Family Planning Clinic in Mexico (1959), and the Intervention of US-Based Private Foundations","authors":"Martha Liliana Espinosa Tavares","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Population growth in the so-called third world countries became a cause for international concern at the dawn of the Cold War era. In this scenario, Mexico, whose total population doubled every twenty years, became one of the main preoccupations for the emergent global population control movement. While most accounts on the history of family planning in Mexico have tended to focus on the mid-1970s, when the government abandoned its pro-natalist stance, this article demonstrates that, by that time, American and Mexican actors had already launched a systematic effort to implement family planning programs. This work explores the history of the creation of Mexico's first family planning clinic, founded in 1959 by American doctor Edris Rice-Wray, and the subsequent development of national associations and programs that, with the support of the Population Council and the Ford Foundation, provided family planning services throughout the 1960s.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"76 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48626360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Mothers who gave birth in Guadalajara, Mexico's public Hospital Civil during the turn of the twentieth century encountered obstetricians who worked to craft an image of modernizing professionals through their use of tools, technologies, protocols, and record keeping. This study examines how these doctors observed a host of public health problems in the maternity ward and created narratives out of their clinical records that served a twofold purpose. The clinical narratives tell a story of how public health problems among birthing women threatened the nation's progress, and they cast male obstetricians as the group most qualified to resolve these problems during childbirth. The Hospital Civil also served as a teaching hospital for the Universidad de Guadalajara, and the hospital clinical records alongside educational archives reveal how clinical narratives are more a practice of self-fashioning and less an exact account of women's childbirth experiences.
{"title":"Birth and Death in the Maternity Ward of the Guadalajara's Hospital Civil, 1888–1940","authors":"Laura Shelton","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Mothers who gave birth in Guadalajara, Mexico's public Hospital Civil during the turn of the twentieth century encountered obstetricians who worked to craft an image of modernizing professionals through their use of tools, technologies, protocols, and record keeping. This study examines how these doctors observed a host of public health problems in the maternity ward and created narratives out of their clinical records that served a twofold purpose. The clinical narratives tell a story of how public health problems among birthing women threatened the nation's progress, and they cast male obstetricians as the group most qualified to resolve these problems during childbirth. The Hospital Civil also served as a teaching hospital for the Universidad de Guadalajara, and the hospital clinical records alongside educational archives reveal how clinical narratives are more a practice of self-fashioning and less an exact account of women's childbirth experiences.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"31 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45469615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sexing East Asian History","authors":"Sabine Frühstück","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"153 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44071918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines the politics of abortion during Mexico's cultural revolution of the 1930s. Although abortion remained illicit and criminalized during this era, many women gained access to the medical termination of pregnancy due to the expansion of reproductive health care. Women's popular demands for reproductive health care altered the landscape of abortion services in the nation. The article argues that although doctors were attentive to women's concerns about the structural factors that constrained their reproductive choices, their practices were still guided by a patriarchal emphasis on state control over reproduction, in which male authorities made paternalistic decisions about which women should have access to abortion, and in which contexts. This was a top-down approach to reproductive governance, based on an ethos of state control instead of individual or familial autonomy.
{"title":"\"A Tacit Pact with the State\": Constrained Choice and the Politics of Abortion in 1930s Mexico","authors":"E. O’Brien","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2022.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2022.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the politics of abortion during Mexico's cultural revolution of the 1930s. Although abortion remained illicit and criminalized during this era, many women gained access to the medical termination of pregnancy due to the expansion of reproductive health care. Women's popular demands for reproductive health care altered the landscape of abortion services in the nation. The article argues that although doctors were attentive to women's concerns about the structural factors that constrained their reproductive choices, their practices were still guided by a patriarchal emphasis on state control over reproduction, in which male authorities made paternalistic decisions about which women should have access to abortion, and in which contexts. This was a top-down approach to reproductive governance, based on an ethos of state control instead of individual or familial autonomy.","PeriodicalId":45948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens History","volume":"34 1","pages":"53 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46388918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}