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Will interfaces take over the physical workplace in higher education? A pessimistic view of the future 在高等教育中,界面会取代实体工作场所吗?悲观主义对未来的悲观看法
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-08-13 DOI: 10.1108/JCRE-10-2020-0052
D. Horváth, T. Csordás, K. Ásványi, J. Faludi, A. Cosovan, Attila Endre Simay, Z. Komár
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue for the sustained need for the physical workplace and real-life encounters in higher education even in the digital age despite being seemingly transformable into the virtual sphere as seen during the COVID-19 situation.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a collaborative autoethnography by a group of seven higher educators with an overall 2,134 student encounters during the study’s time span. The authors then connect these practitioner observations with relevant COVID-19-related studies thereby adding to research on higher education as a workplace.FindingsThe data suggest that the physical workplace strongly bolsters the personal experience and effectiveness of higher education through contributing to its dynamics. Spaces predetermine the scope and levels of human interaction of teaching and learning. In a physical setting, all senses serve as mediators, whereas, online, only two senses are involved: vision and hearing. The two-dimensional screen becomes a mediator of communications. In the physical space, actors are free to adjust the working space, whereas the online working space is limited and defined by platforms.Practical implicationsAlthough higher education institutions may indeed fully substitute most practices formerly in a physical setting with online solutions, real-time encounters in the physical working space belong to its deeper raisons d'être.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the necessity of the physical workplace in higher education and describes the depriving potential of the exclusively online higher education teaching setting.
本文的目的是论证即使在数字时代,高等教育中对物理工作场所和现实生活相遇的持续需求,尽管在COVID-19情况下似乎可以转变为虚拟领域。设计/方法/方法本研究基于一组7名高等教育工作者在研究期间共接触了2134名学生的合作自我民族志。然后,作者将这些从业人员的观察结果与相关的covid -19相关研究联系起来,从而增加了对高等教育作为工作场所的研究。研究结果数据表明,实体工作场所通过促进高等教育的动态发展,有力地促进了个人体验和高等教育的有效性。空间预先决定了人类教与学互动的范围和水平。在现实环境中,所有感官都充当中介,而在网络中,只有两种感官参与其中:视觉和听觉。二维屏幕成为沟通的媒介。在实体空间中,行动者可以自由调整工作空间,而网络工作空间则受到平台的限制和界定。虽然高等教育机构确实可以用在线解决方案完全取代以前在物理环境中的大多数实践,但在物理工作空间中的实时相遇属于其更深层次的原因être。本文强调了物理工作场所在高等教育中的必要性,并描述了完全在线的高等教育教学环境的剥夺潜力。
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引用次数: 5
Office relocation: changes in privacy fit, satisfaction and fatigue 办公室搬迁:隐私契合度、满意度和疲劳度的变化
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.1108/jcre-12-2020-0066
C. Weber, B. Gatersleben
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an office move (and associated changes in settings, protocols and autonomy) on changes in privacy fit, privacy-related coping appraisal as well as changes in satisfaction and fatigue. The study builds on Altman’s (1975) privacy regulation model and the cognitive appraisal theory as a transactional model of stress.Design/methodology/approachData was collected over two points of measurement from 61 office workers who moved from a standard open-plan office to an office that is activity based. The first questionnaire was distributed six weeks prior to the office move and the follow-up questionnaire approximately eight months after. With its longitudinal design, this study extends past research by demonstrating the changing nature of privacy fit and revealing predictors of change in privacy fit and coping appraisal.FindingsCross-lagged autoregression analysis of change confirmed suggested predictors such as increase in variety of settings and in adherence of others to protocols that positively influenced post-move privacy fit. Further, change in coping appraisal post move was predicted by an increase in perceived environmental and behavioural flexibility. Changes in privacy fit and appraisal were associated with increases in job and workplace satisfaction and decreases in emotional and mental work fatigue post move.Originality/valueResults could inform physical workplace design as well as cultural interventions in organisations. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study investigating the psychological process of privacy experience by using a transactional model of stress.
目的本研究的目的是检验办公室搬迁(以及环境、协议和自主性的相关变化)对隐私适应、隐私相关应对评估以及满意度和疲劳度变化的影响。本研究建立在奥特曼(1975)的隐私监管模型和认知评估理论的基础上,将其作为压力的交易模型。设计/方法/方法从61名从标准开放式办公室搬到以活动为基础的办公室的上班族中收集了两个测量点的数据。第一份问卷是在办公室搬迁前六周分发的,后续问卷是在大约八个月后分发的。通过纵向设计,本研究扩展了以往的研究,展示了隐私适合的变化性质,并揭示了隐私适合和应对评估变化的预测因素。FindingsCross滞后的变化自回归分析证实了建议的预测因素,如各种设置的增加和其他人对协议的遵守,这些都对移动后的隐私适合产生了积极影响。此外,通过感知环境和行为灵活性的增加,预测了搬迁后应对评估的变化。隐私适应和评估的变化与工作和工作场所满意度的提高以及调动后情绪和心理工作疲劳的减少有关。创意/价值结果可以为实体工作场所的设计以及组织中的文化干预提供信息。据作者所知,这是第一项使用压力交易模型调查隐私体验心理过程的研究。
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引用次数: 8
Guest editorial 客座编辑
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.1108/JCRE-09-2021-070
Marko Orel
[...]entire city blocks and business districts that were previously lively from dusk until dawn were transformed into virtual “ghost towns” seemingly overnight. Because of the growing uncertainty about COVID-19, and the ensuing public debate around sustaining the global economy during the first half of 2020, the Journal of Corporate Real Estate has announced a call for papers for a special issue devoted to manuscripts on the aftermath of the pandemic and the workplace-related challenges that the lockdown has caused. Building their findings upon a desktop study and qualitative interviews with both corporate real estate managers and well with workplace consultants, Huiying (Cynthia) Hou, Hilde Remøy, Tuuli Jylhä and Herman Vande Putte report that office modifications have been predominantly related to need for personal protection of workers and administrative control that resulted in agile portfolio strategies and redesign of the office workplaces.
[…]以前从黄昏到黎明都很热闹的整个城市街区和商业区似乎在一夜之间变成了虚拟的“鬼城”。由于新冠肺炎的不确定性日益增加,以及随后围绕2020年上半年维持全球经济的公开辩论,《企业房地产杂志》宣布呼吁撰写一期特刊,专门讨论疫情后果和封锁造成的与工作场所相关的挑战。他们的研究结果建立在桌面研究和对企业房地产经理以及工作场所顾问Huying(Cynthia)Hou、Hilde Remøy的定性采访的基础上,Tuuli Jylhä和Herman Vande Putte报告称,办公室改造主要与员工个人保护和行政控制的需求有关,这导致了灵活的投资组合战略和办公室工作场所的重新设计。
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引用次数: 0
Methods for eliciting user experience insights in workplace studies: spatial walkthroughs, experience curve mapping and card sorting 在工作场所研究中激发用户体验洞察力的方法:空间漫游、体验曲线映射和卡片排序
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.1108/JCRE-12-2020-0069
Maral Babapour Chafi, A. C. Cordero
PurposeDrawing on a user-centred design perspective, the purpose of this paper is to (i) provide an overview of three contextual user research methods, namely, spatial walkthroughs, experience curve mapping and card sorting, (ii) exemplify their applications in different case studies and (iii) compare the methods according to their contributions for the study of users’ workplace experiences. Previous workplace studies with qualitative approaches mainly rely on methods such as interviews and observations. Although these methods provide rich data, the understanding of office users, their use situations and finding more fitting workplace designs can benefit from deeper user experience insights.Design/methodology/approachThree methods and their variants were tested in studies of user experience in flexible offices: spatial walkthroughs, experience curve mapping and card sorting. The methods were tested during workshops and interviews in four case studies with a total of 114 participants.FindingsSpatial walkthroughs were more immersive and provided the most insights on the actual context with respect to spatial design qualities, while experience curve mapping enabled understanding the temporal aspects of the user experience and card sorting enabled exploring user experiences with respect to predetermined spatial qualities and contextual aspects.Originality/valueSpatial walkthroughs, experience curve mapping and card sorting methods have not previously been applied in workplace studies. They facilitate dialogue, participation and user involvement and provide insights for making evidence-based recommendations for designing or redesigning office environments that fit users’ needs and preferences.
目的从以用户为中心的设计角度出发,本文的目的是(i)概述三种情境用户研究方法,即空间漫游、体验曲线映射和卡片排序,(ii)举例说明它们在不同案例研究中的应用,以及(iii)根据它们对用户工作场所体验研究的贡献对这些方法进行比较。以往采用定性方法的工作场所研究主要依靠访谈和观察等方法。尽管这些方法提供了丰富的数据,但对办公室用户的了解、他们的使用情况以及找到更合适的工作场所设计,都可以从更深入的用户体验见解中受益。设计/方法论/方法在灵活办公室的用户体验研究中测试了三种方法及其变体:空间漫游、体验曲线映射和卡片排序。这些方法在四个案例研究的研讨会和访谈中进行了测试,共有114名参与者。FindingsSpatial演练更具沉浸感,在空间设计质量方面对实际环境提供了最多的见解,而体验曲线映射能够理解用户体验的时间方面,卡片排序能够探索用户体验的预定空间质量和环境方面。独创性/价值空间演练、经验曲线映射和卡片排序方法以前从未应用于工作场所研究。它们促进对话、参与和用户参与,并为设计或重新设计符合用户需求和偏好的办公环境提供基于证据的建议。
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引用次数: 1
De-scripting office design: exploring design intentions in use 去脚本化办公室设计:探索使用中的设计意图
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.1108/JCRE-10-2020-0039
E. Søiland
PurposeThis paper aims to explore how users respond to office design through their use of space. Intentions for how office spaces should be used can be not only understood as sociomaterial scripts that are inscribed into the architecture by designers but also communicated through organisational change processes. The paper elaborates on how users de-script office spaces, that is, how they respond to these scripts through use.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on a case study of an office design intervention in a public organisation. Taking a sociomaterial approach, the paper uses the concepts of scripting and de-scripting to analyse the data.FindingsThe findings show that users subscribe to, repair, resist or re-script design scripts. This suggests that users can enact agency in use through creative acts of appropriation. Further, both materiality and user participation play equivocal roles in user responses.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is based on a single case study where the design process was studied retrospectively. The case is regarded as typical of contemporary office design processes, but more studies that follow projects from design into use are needed.Practical implicationsThis suggests that design solutions should be better adapted to the work practices instead of applying generic concepts to specific situations and that design and use should be understood as overlapping processes.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in linking aspects of the design process with user responses and in taking a sociomaterial approach to examine design and use.
目的本文旨在探讨用户如何通过对空间的使用来回应办公室设计。如何使用办公空间的意图不仅可以理解为设计师刻在建筑中的社会材料脚本,还可以通过组织变革过程进行沟通。本文阐述了用户如何去编写办公空间的脚本,即他们如何通过使用来回应这些脚本。设计/方法论/方法本文借鉴了一个公共组织中办公室设计干预的案例研究。本文采用社会物质方法,使用脚本和反脚本的概念来分析数据。调查结果显示,用户订阅、修复、抵制或重新编写设计脚本。这表明,用户可以通过创造性的挪用行为来制定使用中的代理。此外,实质性和用户参与在用户反应中都扮演着模棱两可的角色。研究局限性/含义本文基于一个案例研究,对设计过程进行了回顾性研究。该案例被认为是当代办公室设计过程的典型案例,但还需要对项目从设计到使用进行更多的研究。实际含义这表明设计解决方案应该更好地适应工作实践,而不是将通用概念应用于特定情况,设计和使用应该被理解为重叠的过程。独创性/价值本研究的独创性在于将设计过程的各个方面与用户的反应联系起来,并采用社会物质方法来检查设计和使用。
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引用次数: 4
“Covid-working”: what to keep and what to leave? Evidence from an Italian company “应对新冠肺炎”:哪些要留,哪些要留?证据来自一家意大利公司
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1108/JCRE-10-2020-0053
C. Tagliaro, Alessandra Migliore
PurposeThis paper aims to explore the extent to which Covid-19 has challenged work habits and outcomes. The authors argue that after the lockdown period workers have been experiencing a new work mode called “Covid-working”. The aim is to provide a first interpretation of this phaenomenon and elaborate on future real estate strategies and workplace policies based on this experience.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data, this research analyses Covid-working in a large-sized company in Italy. The survey was answered by 90 employees and addresses three domains: locations of work; a comparison between work-from-home (WFH) and work from the office; and outcomes of Covid-working vs office-working.FindingsWith Covid-working, the workers of the case company drastically changed their traditional work from the office approach to pure WFH. While this abrupt switch might generate difficulties in adaptation, this working practice was generally appreciated by this company’s workers. Positive and negative outcomes of Covid-working confirm previous studies on remote working. Recommendations on multi-location of work, new value for the headquarters and diversity empowerment open up avenues for future real estate strategies.Originality/valueObservations on Covid-working are still limited and mainly appear on grey literature, due to the newness of this phaenomenon. Empirical studies such as the proposed one can increase companies’ awareness of the positive and negative outcomes of this experience and support their future workplace strategies.
本文旨在探讨Covid-19对工作习惯和成果的挑战程度。作者认为,在封锁期之后,工人们一直在经历一种名为“Covid-working”的新工作模式。目的是对这一现象进行初步解释,并根据这一经验详细阐述未来的房地产战略和工作场所政策。设计/方法/方法本研究利用调查数据分析了意大利一家大型公司的covid - 19工作。该调查共有90名员工回答,涉及三个领域:工作地点;在家工作(WFH)和办公室工作的比较;以及covid - 19工作与办公室工作的结果。随着covid - 19的工作,案例公司的工作人员彻底改变了他们的传统工作方式,从办公室工作方式转变为纯粹的工作。虽然这种突然的转变可能会给适应带来困难,但这种工作方式普遍受到这家公司员工的欢迎。covid - 19工作的积极和消极结果证实了之前关于远程工作的研究。关于多地点工作、总部新价值和多元化赋权的建议为未来的房地产战略开辟了道路。独创性/价值由于这一现象的新颖性,对抗疫工作的观察仍然有限,主要出现在灰色文献中。实证研究可以提高公司对这种经历的积极和消极结果的认识,并支持他们未来的工作场所战略。
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引用次数: 16
Work environment transformation in the post COVID-19 based on work values of the future workforce 基于未来劳动力工作价值观的COVID-19后工作环境转型
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1108/JCRE-08-2020-0031
Fruzsina Pataki-Bittó, Kata Kapusy
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the future workforce’s work values and, based on them, to examine the work environment Generation Z are looking for in the situation of job search. Moreover, this study aims to provide ideas for organizations on how to transform the work environment for the post-COVID-19 era to attract and retain employees, especially the members of Generation Z. Design/methodology/approach: The research design is based on the theory development method. Data were generated and collected from 28 focus groups and a survey (n = 773). First, initial coding was done with an affinity diagram, followed by the intermediate coding phase, when the authors compared the codings’ results and selected the core data. Finally, the advanced coding resulted in a work value model, which presents Generation Z’s core work value categories. Findings: The paper presents a work value theory for Generation Z, which reflects their expectations of the physical work environment and the flexible work arrangements among the work values. To prepare for the post-COVID-19 era, this study suggests organizations applying hybrid working models. Practical implications: Based on impacts and expected transformations in office work in the post-COVID-19 era, the paper calls attention to the critical management issues concerning Generation Z’s preferences and expectations. Originality/value: The findings propose a broader work value theory approach that highlights the work environment’s convenience features and integrates values that support the employees’ desired lifestyle and well-being. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
目的:本研究的目的是找出未来劳动力的工作价值观,并以此为基础,研究Z世代在求职的情况下所寻找的工作环境。此外,本研究旨在为组织提供关于如何改变后新冠时代的工作环境以吸引和留住员工,特别是z世代成员的想法。设计/方法/方法:研究设计基于理论发展方法。从28个焦点小组和一项调查(n = 773)中生成和收集数据。首先,用亲和图进行初始编码,然后是中间编码阶段,作者比较编码结果并选择核心数据。最后,先进的编码产生了一个工作价值模型,它展示了Z一代的核心工作价值类别。研究发现:本文提出了一个Z世代的工作价值理论,该理论反映了Z世代对物理工作环境的期望以及工作价值中灵活的工作安排。为了应对后covid -19时代,该研究建议组织采用混合工作模式。实践意义:基于后新冠时代对办公室工作的影响和预期转变,本文呼吁关注Z世代偏好和期望的关键管理问题。原创性/价值:研究结果提出了一个更广泛的工作价值理论方法,强调工作环境的便利特征,并整合了支持员工期望的生活方式和幸福的价值观。©2021,翡翠出版有限公司
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引用次数: 27
The impact of Covid-19 on coworking spaces: evidence from Germany Covid-19对共享办公空间的影响:来自德国的证据
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1108/JCRE-10-2020-0044
Manuel Mayerhoffer
Purpose: Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, the German coworking industry has grown rapidly as one of the fastest-growing coworking markets globally. The pandemic, however, has brought the industry to an abrupt halt. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to explore the impact the pandemic has had so far on German coworking spaces. Design/methodology/approach: Using an online questionnaire, quantitative data from 38 coworking space owners, operators and employees of a total of 77 spaces in Germany has been collected regarding their situation before, during and after the peak of the first wave of the pandemic from Spring until Summer 2020. The data has been analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings: The reported income losses significantly outweigh a decrease in costs of the spaces. Nevertheless, the member base seems rather unaffected, and coworking spaces are exploring adaptations to their businesses with a strong shift to the digital environment. Fear of re-imposed governmental restrictions is evident, as well as justified with a looming second infection wave. Research limitations/implications: Due to the sample size, the data may lack generalizability. Therefore, recommendations for future research are provided. Originality/value: Data on the impact of the pandemic on coworking spaces is scarce. This paper provides a first necessary overview for the industry as well as the academic field to allow for action to be taken. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
目的:在新冠肺炎大流行之前,德国共同工作行业作为全球增长最快的共同工作市场之一迅速增长。然而,新冠疫情使该行业戛然而止。因此,本文的目的是探讨迄今为止疫情对德国共享办公空间的影响。设计/方法/方法:使用在线问卷,收集了德国共77个共享办公空间的38位共享办公空间所有者、运营商和员工在2020年春季至夏季第一波疫情高峰之前、期间和之后的情况的定量数据。使用描述性统计对数据进行了分析。调查结果:报告的收入损失大大超过了空间成本的下降。尽管如此,会员群似乎并不受影响,共享办公空间正在探索适应其业务,并大力转向数字环境。对政府重新实施限制的恐惧是显而易见的,第二波感染浪潮迫在眉睫也是合理的。研究局限性/影响:由于样本量的原因,数据可能缺乏可推广性。因此,对未来的研究提出了建议。创意/价值:关于疫情对共享办公空间影响的数据很少。本文为行业和学术领域提供了第一个必要的概述,以便采取行动。©2021,翡翠出版有限公司。
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引用次数: 5
A study on office workplace modification during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Netherlands 新冠肺炎疫情期间荷兰办公场所改造研究
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1108/JCRE-10-2020-0051
H. Hou, H. Remøy, Tuuli Jylhä, H. Putte
PurposeTriggered by public concerns over office workplace safety during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study sheds light on the office workplace environment and aims to investigate how organisations respond to forces from the external environment (impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic) and how they modify their office workplace management strategically and operationally to suit the stakeholders’ needs and future development in the post COVID-19 period.Design/methodology/approachA desktop study was conducted to provide the framework for the in-depth interviews with five corporate real estate (CRE) managers and three workplace consultants. Thematic analysis including coding technique was adopted to analyse the qualitative data.FindingsThe findings show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the intended and implemented office workplace modifications are mainly related to two types of risk control: administrative control and personal protection. At a strategic level, organisations react to the external forces by re-modelling their businesses and working towards re-orienting their CRE strategies, such as portfolio transformation, agile portfolio strategies and redesign of the office workplace, etc.Originality/valueThis is a topical and timely study that presents the general practice of office workplace modification during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the related CRE management (CREM) strategies developed for the new normal. The findings obtained through in-depth interviews have well supported the CREM strategic alignment theory. It is foreseen that office workplace management will encounter other challenges due to uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study provide a practical lens to look at the future changes of office workplace environment.
由公众对COVID-19大流行期间办公室工作场所安全的担忧引发,本研究揭示了办公室工作场所环境,旨在调查组织如何应对外部环境的力量(受COVID-19大流行的影响),以及他们如何从战略和运营上修改其办公室工作场所管理,以适应利益相关者的需求和未来发展在后COVID-19时期。设计/方法/方法进行了一项桌面研究,为五位企业房地产(CRE)经理和三位工作场所顾问的深度访谈提供框架。采用包括编码技术在内的专题分析方法对定性数据进行分析。调查结果显示,在新冠肺炎疫情期间,大多数拟实施的办公场所改造主要涉及两类风险控制:行政控制和个人防护。在战略层面上,组织通过重新建模其业务并努力重新定位其CRE战略来应对外部力量,例如投资组合转换,敏捷投资组合战略和重新设计办公场所等。原创性/价值这是一项专题和及时的研究,介绍了COVID-19大流行期间办公室工作场所修改的一般做法,以及为新常态开发的相关CRE管理(CREM)战略。通过深入访谈获得的研究结果很好地支持了CREM战略结盟理论。可以预见,由于新冠肺炎疫情的不确定性,办公场所管理将面临其他挑战。本研究的结果为未来办公室工作环境的变化提供了一个实用的视角。
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引用次数: 18
Corporate real estate management and companies’ success: empirical evidence for a conceptual framework 企业房地产管理与企业成功:一个概念框架的经验证据
IF 2.3 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1108/JCRE-12-2019-0051
Andreas Pfnuer, Julian Seger, R. Appel-Meulenbroek
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain the contribution of Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM) to corporate success and to substantiate it empirically. However, no empirically tested holistic concept classifies and explains the different success contributions of CREM in their mechanisms of action and organisational levels.Design/methodology/approachThis study develops a holistic two-dimensional model from existing literature to explain the relationship between CREM decisions and business success, and then tests it empirically using multidimensional data scaling from a telephone company survey (CATI) of 59 CREM managers sampled from the 200 largest German companies.FindingsThe created theoretical model holistically explains CREM success and existence as part of a non-property company, with specific performance drivers on specific organisational levels. The empirical data confirm that both dimensions of the model and, thus the measurement concept for modelling the CREM contribution to business success is robust across sectors and company/portfolio size in Germany.Originality/valueThe empirical confirmation of the conceptual model of CREM success provides novel support for the institutionalisation of the CREM function in companies and the holistic classification of different CREM research directions.
目的本研究的目的是解释企业不动产管理(CREM)对企业成功的贡献,并对其进行实证验证。然而,目前还没有一个经过实证检验的整体概念对CREM在其作用机制和组织层面上的不同成功贡献进行分类和解释。设计/方法/方法本研究从现有文献中开发了一个整体二维模型来解释CREM决策与商业成功之间的关系,然后使用从200家最大的德国公司抽样的59名CREM经理的电话公司调查(CATI)的多维数据缩放进行实证检验。所创建的理论模型全面地解释了CREM作为非房地产公司的一部分的成功和存在,在特定的组织层面上具有特定的绩效驱动因素。实证数据证实,模型的两个维度以及因此建模CREM对商业成功贡献的测量概念在德国的各个部门和公司/投资组合规模中都是稳健的。创新/价值创新管理成功概念模型的实证验证,为企业创新管理功能的制度化和不同创新管理研究方向的整体分类提供了新的支持。
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引用次数: 4
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