Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1332/175795921x16599509057666
Joyce Cleary, C. Nolan, M. Guhn, K. Thomson, Sophie Barker, Camille Deane, C. Greenwood, Julia Tulloh Harper, M. Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, P. Letcher, J. Macdonald, D. Hutchinson, E. Spry, M. O’Connor, V. Carr, Melissa J. Green, Tom Peachey, J. Toumbourou, Jane Hosking, Jerri Nelson, Joanne Williams, S. Zubrick, A. Sanson, Kate Lycett, C. Olsson
Findings from longitudinal research, globally, repeatedly emphasise the importance of a taking an early life course approach to mental health promotion; one that invests in the formative years of development, from early childhood to young adulthood, just prior to the transition to parenthood for most. While population monitoring systems have been developed for this period, they are typically designed for use within discrete stages (i.e., childhood or adolescent or young adulthood). No system has yet captured development across all ages and stages (i.e., from infancy through to young adulthood). Here we describe the development, and pilot implementation, of a new Australian Comprehensive Monitoring System (CMS) designed to address this gap by measuring social and emotional development (strengths and difficulties) across eight census surveys, separated by three yearly intervals (infancy, 3-, 6-, 9- 12-, 15-, 18 and 21 years). The systems also measures the family, school, peer, digital and community social climates in which children and young people live and grow. Data collection is community-led and built into existing, government funded, universal services (Maternal Child Health, Schools and Local Learning and Employment Networks) to maximise response rates and ensure sustainability. The first system test will be completed and evaluated in rural Victoria, Australia, in 2022. CMS will then be adapted for larger, more socio-economically diverse regional and metropolitan communities, including Australian First Nations communities. The aim of CMS is to guide community-led investments in mental health promotion from early childhood to young adulthood, setting secure foundations for the next generation.
{"title":"A study protocol for community implementation of a new mental health monitoring system spanning early childhood to young adulthood","authors":"Joyce Cleary, C. Nolan, M. Guhn, K. Thomson, Sophie Barker, Camille Deane, C. Greenwood, Julia Tulloh Harper, M. Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, P. Letcher, J. Macdonald, D. Hutchinson, E. Spry, M. O’Connor, V. Carr, Melissa J. Green, Tom Peachey, J. Toumbourou, Jane Hosking, Jerri Nelson, Joanne Williams, S. Zubrick, A. Sanson, Kate Lycett, C. Olsson","doi":"10.1332/175795921x16599509057666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921x16599509057666","url":null,"abstract":"Findings from longitudinal research, globally, repeatedly emphasise the importance of a taking an early life course approach to mental health promotion; one that invests in the formative years of development, from early childhood to young adulthood, just prior to the transition to parenthood for most. While population monitoring systems have been developed for this period, they are typically designed for use within discrete stages (i.e., childhood or adolescent or young adulthood). No system has yet captured development across all ages and stages (i.e., from infancy through to young adulthood). Here we describe the development, and pilot implementation, of a new Australian Comprehensive Monitoring System (CMS) designed to address this gap by measuring social and emotional development (strengths and difficulties) across eight census surveys, separated by three yearly intervals (infancy, 3-, 6-, 9- 12-, 15-, 18 and 21 years). The systems also measures the family, school, peer, digital and community social climates in which children and young people live and grow. Data collection is community-led and built into existing, government funded, universal services (Maternal Child Health, Schools and Local Learning and Employment Networks) to maximise response rates and ensure sustainability. The first system test will be completed and evaluated in rural Victoria, Australia, in 2022. CMS will then be adapted for larger, more socio-economically diverse regional and metropolitan communities, including Australian First Nations communities. The aim of CMS is to guide community-led investments in mental health promotion from early childhood to young adulthood, setting secure foundations for the next generation.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42144170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1332/175795921x16231548289500
T. Schuller
{"title":"Youth Prospects in the Digital Society: Identities and Inequalities in an Unravelling Europe by John Bynner and Walter R. Heinz","authors":"T. Schuller","doi":"10.1332/175795921x16231548289500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921x16231548289500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45361917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.1332/175795921x16249989225845
R. Rush, E. Westrupp, J. Law
The corresponding author takes responsibility for data integrity and the accuracy of the analysis. The data are from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), which began in 2000, and is conducted by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS). It available to researchers on registration of their proposed research (https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/get-data).The importance of the relationship between socio-emotional difficulties in childhood and adult mental health are well recognised but how such difficulties emerge is less well recognised. Specifically this paper explores the extent of the relationship between parenting beliefs in the first year of the child’s life, parenting skills reported when the child was three years and different quantiles of socio-emotional development recorded by teachers at 11 years. In addition, it explores the extent to which language development at school entry has the potential to mediate these relationships.This paper draws on data from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) to investigate the relation between parenting attitudes when the child was ten months old and parent–child relationship when the child was three years of age to child socio-emotional development measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 11 years, and the mediating role of naming vocabulary measured on the British Abilities Scales (BAS) at school entry (five years).Unadjusted associations were found for both parental factors on child mental health problems, but this did not hold for parent beliefs once the models were adjusted. The relationships varied in the quantile analysis suggesting that this approach adds to our understanding of these relationships. Vocabulary at school entry mediated the relation to socio-emotional difficulties especially for children with higher levels of mental health problems. Results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms in any intervention to improve mental health outcomes at the end of primary school.Key messagesParent–child relationship and child mental health problems established.Language at five years minimally mediates the effect of parent–child relationship on child behaviour.Stronger language mediated associations were found for children with higher levels of mental health problems.Parental factors and language were differentially related, a consideration with mental health interventions.
{"title":"Testing the association between the early parent–child relationship and teacher reported socio-emotional difficulties at 11 years: a quantile mediation analysis","authors":"R. Rush, E. Westrupp, J. Law","doi":"10.1332/175795921x16249989225845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921x16249989225845","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The corresponding author takes responsibility for data integrity and the accuracy of the analysis. The data are from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), which began in 2000, and is conducted by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS). It available to researchers on registration of their proposed research (https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/get-data).The importance of the relationship between socio-emotional difficulties in childhood and adult mental health are well recognised but how such difficulties emerge is less well recognised. Specifically this paper explores the extent of the relationship between parenting beliefs in the first year of the child’s life, parenting skills reported when the child was three years and different quantiles of socio-emotional development recorded by teachers at 11 years. In addition, it explores the extent to which language development at school entry has the potential to mediate these relationships.This paper draws on data from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) to investigate the relation between parenting attitudes when the child was ten months old and parent–child relationship when the child was three years of age to child socio-emotional development measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 11 years, and the mediating role of naming vocabulary measured on the British Abilities Scales (BAS) at school entry (five years).Unadjusted associations were found for both parental factors on child mental health problems, but this did not hold for parent beliefs once the models were adjusted. The relationships varied in the quantile analysis suggesting that this approach adds to our understanding of these relationships. Vocabulary at school entry mediated the relation to socio-emotional difficulties especially for children with higher levels of mental health problems. Results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms in any intervention to improve mental health outcomes at the end of primary school.Key messagesParent–child relationship and child mental health problems established.Language at five years minimally mediates the effect of parent–child relationship on child behaviour.Stronger language mediated associations were found for children with higher levels of mental health problems.Parental factors and language were differentially related, a consideration with mental health interventions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42413985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-04DOI: 10.1332/175795921X16115949616122
S. Parsons, A. Sullivan, E. Fitzsimons, G. Ploubidis
Poor physical health and behavioural and emotional problems in childhood have a lasting impact on well-being in adolescence and adulthood. Here we address the relationship between poor parent and child physical and mental health in early childhood (age 5) and conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in mid-childhood (age 10/11). We compare results across two generations of British children born 30 years apart in 1970 (n = 15,856) and 2000/2 (16,628). We take advantage of rich longitudinal birth cohort data and establish that a child’s own poor health was associated with conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in mid-childhood in both generations, and that with the exception of conduct problems in the 1970 cohort these relationships remained when family socio-economic status and individual characteristics were accounted for. Poor maternal mental health was similarly associated with conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in both generations; poor parental physical health with a child having later hyperactivity and emotional problems in the younger generation. Results also indicated that earlier behaviour problems had more influence on later problems for children in the more recent cohort. Given the increasing proportion of children and adolescents with mental health problems and that socio-economic disadvantage increases physical and mental well-being concerns within families, policy solutions must consider the holistic nature of a child’s family environment to prevent some children experiencing a ‘double whammy’ of disadvantage. The early years provide the best opportunity to promote children’s resilience and well-being and minimise the development of entrenched negative behaviours and their subsequent costs to society.Key messagesPoor parental physical and mental health each have a negative association with behavioural adjustment in (two generations of British) children.A child’s poor health has a negative association with later behavioural adjustment in (two generations of British) children.The relationships remain even after family background and a child’s earlier behaviour scores are taken into account.
{"title":"The role of parental and child physical and mental health on behavioural and emotional adjustment in mid-childhood: a comparison of two generations of British children born 30 years apart","authors":"S. Parsons, A. Sullivan, E. Fitzsimons, G. Ploubidis","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16115949616122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16115949616122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Poor physical health and behavioural and emotional problems in childhood have a lasting impact on well-being in adolescence and adulthood. Here we address the relationship between poor parent and child physical and mental health in early childhood (age 5) and conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in mid-childhood (age 10/11). We compare results across two generations of British children born 30 years apart in 1970 (n = 15,856) and 2000/2 (16,628). We take advantage of rich longitudinal birth cohort data and establish that a child’s own poor health was associated with conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in mid-childhood in both generations, and that with the exception of conduct problems in the 1970 cohort these relationships remained when family socio-economic status and individual characteristics were accounted for. Poor maternal mental health was similarly associated with conduct, hyperactivity and emotional problems in both generations; poor parental physical health with a child having later hyperactivity and emotional problems in the younger generation. Results also indicated that earlier behaviour problems had more influence on later problems for children in the more recent cohort. Given the increasing proportion of children and adolescents with mental health problems and that socio-economic disadvantage increases physical and mental well-being concerns within families, policy solutions must consider the holistic nature of a child’s family environment to prevent some children experiencing a ‘double whammy’ of disadvantage. The early years provide the best opportunity to promote children’s resilience and well-being and minimise the development of entrenched negative behaviours and their subsequent costs to society.Key messagesPoor parental physical and mental health each have a negative association with behavioural adjustment in (two generations of British) children.A child’s poor health has a negative association with later behavioural adjustment in (two generations of British) children.The relationships remain even after family background and a child’s earlier behaviour scores are taken into account.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42419540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1332/175795921X16127392344002
P. Elias
{"title":"Longitudinal studies and the social sciences – time to innovate or replicate? Reflections from Peter Elias, Section Editor for Social and Economic Sciences","authors":"P. Elias","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16127392344002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16127392344002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"115-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48887660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1332/175795921X16125214726386
J. Mortimer
{"title":"Living on the Edge: An American Generation’s Journey Through the Twentieth Century","authors":"J. Mortimer","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16125214726386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16125214726386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"263-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45093534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1332/175795920x16062247639874
M. Z. Sakhvidi, Navid Danaei, P. Dadvand, A. Mehrparvar, M. Heidari-Beni, S. Nouripour, H. Nikukar, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, E. Saffarieh, M. Noorishadkam, M. Amin, M. Mirmohammadkhani, M. Lotfi, Ahmad Vaez, S. Mirmohammadi, E. Zarean, M. Mojibian, M. Hashemipour, O. Yaghini, M. S. Rezai, A. Esmaeili, A. Fahimzad, H. Hakimi, Mohammad Reza Navaeifar, Hamideh Ebrahimi, H. Poustchi, R. Malekzadeh, R. Kelishadi
Background: Birth cohorts are essential for developing evidence-based policies and advancing knowledge on different aspects of the concept of developmental origins of health and diseases (DOHaD). The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) is a multicentre cohort in Iran. It is one of the pioneers of DOHaD research in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This profile provides a brief overview of this birth cohort, focusing on the objectives and design of the study. The main objective of this birth cohort is to evaluate the associations of socio-economic characteristics, lifestyle, diet, environmental exposures and epigenetic factors with outcomes of: pregnancy; mother and child mental and physical health and well-being; child neurodevelopment; and the establishment of chronic disease risk factors.Methods: The enrolment of PERSIAN Birth Cohort participants is currently ongoing in five Iranian cities (Isfahan, Yazd, Semnan, Sari and Rafsanjan). We plan to recruit 15,000 mother–offspring pairs, and to follow them for at least ten years. Data collection consists of three consecutive phases: (1) periconception until birth; (2) infancy (0–2 years); and (3) childhood (3–11 years). We are collecting data on both ‘determinants of health’ and ‘health outcomes’. In addition to questionnaires and physical examination, various biological samples, including blood, urine, hair, nail, cord blood and breastmilk are being collected. Growth and neurodevelopment of children will be monitored. Appropriate data analysis schemes will be employed to assess the role of early life factors in health and disease that would facilitate international comparisons.
{"title":"The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) Birth Cohort protocol: rationale, design and methodology","authors":"M. Z. Sakhvidi, Navid Danaei, P. Dadvand, A. Mehrparvar, M. Heidari-Beni, S. Nouripour, H. Nikukar, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, E. Saffarieh, M. Noorishadkam, M. Amin, M. Mirmohammadkhani, M. Lotfi, Ahmad Vaez, S. Mirmohammadi, E. Zarean, M. Mojibian, M. Hashemipour, O. Yaghini, M. S. Rezai, A. Esmaeili, A. Fahimzad, H. Hakimi, Mohammad Reza Navaeifar, Hamideh Ebrahimi, H. Poustchi, R. Malekzadeh, R. Kelishadi","doi":"10.1332/175795920x16062247639874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795920x16062247639874","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Birth cohorts are essential for developing evidence-based policies and advancing knowledge on different aspects of the concept of developmental origins of health and diseases (DOHaD). The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) is a multicentre\u0000 cohort in Iran. It is one of the pioneers of DOHaD research in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This profile provides a brief overview of this birth cohort, focusing on the objectives and design of the study. The main objective of this birth cohort is to evaluate the associations\u0000 of socio-economic characteristics, lifestyle, diet, environmental exposures and epigenetic factors with outcomes of: pregnancy; mother and child mental and physical health and well-being; child neurodevelopment; and the establishment of chronic disease risk factors.Methods: The\u0000 enrolment of PERSIAN Birth Cohort participants is currently ongoing in five Iranian cities (Isfahan, Yazd, Semnan, Sari and Rafsanjan). We plan to recruit 15,000 mother–offspring pairs, and to follow them for at least ten years. Data collection consists of three consecutive phases: (1)\u0000 periconception until birth; (2) infancy (0–2 years); and (3) childhood (3–11 years). We are collecting data on both ‘determinants of health’ and ‘health outcomes’. In addition to questionnaires and physical examination, various biological samples, including\u0000 blood, urine, hair, nail, cord blood and breastmilk are being collected. Growth and neurodevelopment of children will be monitored. Appropriate data analysis schemes will be employed to assess the role of early life factors in health and disease that would facilitate international comparisons.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"241-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-12DOI: 10.1332/175795921X16119468619598
Queralt Capsada-Munsech, V. Boliver
We explore the early labour-market returns to following the academic track (such as A levels) rather than the vocational track (for example, NVQs) in upper secondary education in England. England is an interesting country case because students are ‘free to choose’ which upper secondary track they follow, unlike to many other European countries where standardised tests and teachers’ recommendations play a much larger role. We draw on data from the longitudinal survey Next Steps and register data from the National Pupil Database. We consider occupational social class and net disposable income at age 25 as early labour-market outcomes to explore to what extent the upper secondary qualification track has a net influence on them, controlling for pre-track measured ability, relevant socio-demographic characteristics and higher education participation. Our results show that following the academic track in upper secondary education is associated with higher chances of being employed in a service class occupation at age 25, compared to those with vocational upper secondary qualifications or no upper secondary qualifications at all. Subsequent participation in (prestigious) universities further improves the chances of service class membership. Interestingly, there does not seem to be a differentiated effect of following the academic rather than the vocational track by socio-economic status, except for those that did not subsequently attend university. Unlike access to service class occupations, we find no net effect of upper secondary track on disposable income at age 25 after controlling for prior attainment at GCSE and subsequent participation in higher education.Key messagesWe explore the early labour market returns to following the academic and the vocational track in upper secondary school in England.Following the academic track is associated with higher chances of being employed in a service class occupation, and further improved if attending university.Unlike access to service class occupations, we find no net effect of upper secondary track on disposable income.
{"title":"The early labour-market returns to upper secondary qualifications track in England","authors":"Queralt Capsada-Munsech, V. Boliver","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16119468619598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16119468619598","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We explore the early labour-market returns to following the academic track (such as A levels) rather than the vocational track (for example, NVQs) in upper secondary education in England. England is an interesting country case because students are ‘free to choose’ which upper secondary track they follow, unlike to many other European countries where standardised tests and teachers’ recommendations play a much larger role. We draw on data from the longitudinal survey Next Steps and register data from the National Pupil Database. We consider occupational social class and net disposable income at age 25 as early labour-market outcomes to explore to what extent the upper secondary qualification track has a net influence on them, controlling for pre-track measured ability, relevant socio-demographic characteristics and higher education participation. Our results show that following the academic track in upper secondary education is associated with higher chances of being employed in a service class occupation at age 25, compared to those with vocational upper secondary qualifications or no upper secondary qualifications at all. Subsequent participation in (prestigious) universities further improves the chances of service class membership. Interestingly, there does not seem to be a differentiated effect of following the academic rather than the vocational track by socio-economic status, except for those that did not subsequently attend university. Unlike access to service class occupations, we find no net effect of upper secondary track on disposable income at age 25 after controlling for prior attainment at GCSE and subsequent participation in higher education.Key messagesWe explore the early labour market returns to following the academic and the vocational track in upper secondary school in England.Following the academic track is associated with higher chances of being employed in a service class occupation, and further improved if attending university.Unlike access to service class occupations, we find no net effect of upper secondary track on disposable income.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42328059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1332/175795921X16115949972000
R. Hoffmann, Hannes Kröger
Less-educated persons have worse cardiovascular health. We compare the educational gradients in three disease-specific health measures (biomarkers, self-reported doctors’ diagnoses and cause-specific mortality) in order to compare their relevance in different stages of the disease process. We study 14,102 people aged 50–89 from the US Health Retirement Study (HRS) in the period 2006–17. We use six CVD biomarkers (systolic/ diastolic blood pressure, ratio total/HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, body mass index, HbA1c) and two self-reported doctors’ diagnoses (stroke, heart attack). We estimate the gradient in biomarkers using log-binomial regression and the hazard of diagnoses and CVD mortality with Cox survival models.Among those without pre-diagnosed CVD conditions, the educational gradient in mortality is highest (RR 1.97), the gradient for those who receive a CVD diagnosis is in the middle (RR 1.46), and the gradient in biomarkers is lowest (RR 1.32). Among those with recent/ older diagnoses, the biomarker gradient is comparable to levels among the non-diagnosed, while the mortality gradient is much lower (RR 1.35). The gradients in diagnoses and mortality are only slightly explained by differences in biomarkers.The comparison of the three gradients and the mediation analysis suggest that in each of the steps to diagnosis and death there are social factors involved that increase the gradient and go beyond what biomarkers can predict. Having a CVD diagnosis leads to smaller mortality gradients, presumably because of the convergence of educational differences in behaviour and during treatment and monitoring. Our findings support prevention as a strategy against social inequalities in CVD.Key messagesThe educational gradient is highest for mortality; next highest is diagnoses; lowest is biomarkers.The gradients in diagnoses and mortality are only slightly explained by differences in biomarkers.CVD progression is subject to social factors that widen the gradient beyond biomarkers’ predictivity.Among diagnosed people, changes in behaviour and treatment seem to lower the mortality gradient.
{"title":"Comparing the educational gradients in three cardiovascular disease-specific health measures","authors":"R. Hoffmann, Hannes Kröger","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16115949972000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16115949972000","url":null,"abstract":"Less-educated persons have worse cardiovascular health. We compare the educational gradients in three disease-specific health measures (biomarkers, self-reported doctors’ diagnoses and cause-specific mortality) in order to compare their relevance in different stages of the disease process. We study 14,102 people aged 50–89 from the US Health Retirement Study (HRS) in the period 2006–17. We use six CVD biomarkers (systolic/ diastolic blood pressure, ratio total/HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, body mass index, HbA1c) and two self-reported doctors’ diagnoses (stroke, heart attack). We estimate the gradient in biomarkers using log-binomial regression and the hazard of diagnoses and CVD mortality with Cox survival models.Among those without pre-diagnosed CVD conditions, the educational gradient in mortality is highest (RR 1.97), the gradient for those who receive a CVD diagnosis is in the middle (RR 1.46), and the gradient in biomarkers is lowest (RR 1.32). Among those with recent/ older diagnoses, the biomarker gradient is comparable to levels among the non-diagnosed, while the mortality gradient is much lower (RR 1.35). The gradients in diagnoses and mortality are only slightly explained by differences in biomarkers.The comparison of the three gradients and the mediation analysis suggest that in each of the steps to diagnosis and death there are social factors involved that increase the gradient and go beyond what biomarkers can predict. Having a CVD diagnosis leads to smaller mortality gradients, presumably because of the convergence of educational differences in behaviour and during treatment and monitoring. Our findings support prevention as a strategy against social inequalities in CVD.Key messagesThe educational gradient is highest for mortality; next highest is diagnoses; lowest is biomarkers.The gradients in diagnoses and mortality are only slightly explained by differences in biomarkers.CVD progression is subject to social factors that widen the gradient beyond biomarkers’ predictivity.Among diagnosed people, changes in behaviour and treatment seem to lower the mortality gradient.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66290308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1332/175795921X16124376408552
J. Birkelund, K. Karlson, David Reimer
We study the relationship among family background, placements in upper secondary school tracks and labour market outcomes in the comprehensive welfare state of Denmark. We base our study on high-quality data from Danish administrative registers with a focus on the 1986 birth cohort, which allows us to examine very fine-grained measures of track placement in upper secondary schools. Our analyses show three results. First, upper secondary track placement is consequential for labour market outcomes, even after we control for the selection into tracks on pre-track academic performance and family background characteristics. Second, upper secondary track placement appears to affect labour market outcomes even net of higher education attainment. Third, educational tracking appears to play a role in intergenerational social reproduction net of family background-based skill gaps, suggesting that track choice help maintain inequalities across generations. We discuss the implications of our findings for the literature on educational tracking.Key messagesUpper secondary school tracking is relevant for labor market outcomes in Denmark.Even after we control for pre-tracking academic performance and family SES tracking effects persist.Track placement seems to affect labor market outcomes net of higher education attainment.Educational tracking appears to play a role in intergenerational social reproduction net of family background-based skill gaps.
{"title":"Upper secondary school tracking, labour market outcomes and intergenerational inequality in Denmark","authors":"J. Birkelund, K. Karlson, David Reimer","doi":"10.1332/175795921X16124376408552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16124376408552","url":null,"abstract":"We study the relationship among family background, placements in upper secondary school tracks and labour market outcomes in the comprehensive welfare state of Denmark. We base our study on high-quality data from Danish administrative registers with a focus on the 1986 birth cohort, which allows us to examine very fine-grained measures of track placement in upper secondary schools. Our analyses show three results. First, upper secondary track placement is consequential for labour market outcomes, even after we control for the selection into tracks on pre-track academic performance and family background characteristics. Second, upper secondary track placement appears to affect labour market outcomes even net of higher education attainment. Third, educational tracking appears to play a role in intergenerational social reproduction net of family background-based skill gaps, suggesting that track choice help maintain inequalities across generations. We discuss the implications of our findings for the literature on educational tracking.Key messagesUpper secondary school tracking is relevant for labor market outcomes in Denmark.Even after we control for pre-tracking academic performance and family SES tracking effects persist.Track placement seems to affect labor market outcomes net of higher education attainment.Educational tracking appears to play a role in intergenerational social reproduction net of family background-based skill gaps.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66290339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：