Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Vascular grafts are commonly used to treat acute injuries and chronic atherosclerotic diseases of the vasculature. However, the pathological environment of injured vessels is characterized by oxidative stress and severe inflammatory flares, which usually lead to insufficient vascular regeneration and poor pathological remodeling, with far from satisfactory graft results. Here, we innovatively engineered a nanocarbon supporting porous Ru-porphyrin-based nanobiocatalyst functionalized vascular graft (SPPorRu@PCL) via electrospinning technology. Our studies demonstrate that the SPPorRu@PCL has ultrafast and broad-spectrum reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability due to the highly active π-conjugated Ru–N catalytic site, π–π stacking effect, and porous structure of loaded SPPorRu, which synergistically enhances its electron transfer ability and catalytic kinetics. Strikingly, in vitro cellular experiments demonstrate that the SPPorRu@PCL is effective in alleviating oxidative stress, reducing damage of DNA and mitochondrial, and promoting cell adhesion for human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a high-ROS environment. Implantation of SPPorRu@PCL in vascular-injured rats further demonstrates its superior biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory and provascular repair capabilities. This work provides important insights into the application of the porous nanocarbon and the π-conjugated porphyrin-based Ru–N coordination nanobiocatalyst assembled on nanocarbons in catalytically scavenging ROS and offers new strategies to design high-performance artificial antioxidant functionalized vascular grafts for the treatment of blood vessel injury diseases.

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Smart textiles, enabled by innovations in functional fibers and advanced material design, are revolutionizing thermal management within the human micro-environment. This review comprehensively examines the latest advancements in wearable passive thermal management (PTM) technologies, which synergistically regulate body temperature and harvest wasted thermal energy. By elucidating heat transfer mechanisms—including radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation—we emphasize the critical role of textiles in modulating these pathways to achieve personal thermal comfort and energy sustainability. Key material strategies, such as radiative-controlled fibers for solar reflection and infrared emission, phase change materials (PCMs) for latent heat storage, and thermally conductive/insulative fibers for dynamic regulation, have been explored. The integration of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) into textiles is highlighted, demonstrating their potential to convert body heat into electrical energy through Seebeck and thermogalvanic effects. Emerging technologies, including Janus fabrics with switchable radiative properties and humidity-responsive fibers, further enhance adaptability across diverse environments. Notably, the incorporation of machine learning frameworks and AI-driven design paradigms has accelerated the development of predictive thermal models and optimized nanostructures, bridging laboratory innovations with industrial scalability. Challenges in durability, comfort, and large-scale manufacturing are critically addressed, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. This review underscores the transformative potential of fiber-based PTM systems in reducing the reliance on energy-intensive heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, advancing sustainable micro-environment solutions, and powering next-generation wearable electronics. Future perspectives emphasize intelligent material systems, ethical AI integration, and multifunctional textile architectures to realize personalized comfort and global energy sustainability.

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Overview of wearable passive thermal management systems

The development of intelligent textiles that integrate impact protection with real-time sensing capabilities is of critical importance for next-generation wearable protective systems. Despite extensive usage of conventional protective films/elastomers, their inherent planar geometries compromise wearing comfort, and the universal absence of real-time impact detection/location capabilities restricts application prospects. To address these challenges, an intelligent shear-stiffening-based mechanoluminescent fiber (ML-TPS) is developed through integrated wet-spinning and coating technology. This fiber combines a shear-stiffening polymer core with a ZnS:Cu/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mechanoluminescent coating, synergistically enabling excellent impact resistance and spatiotemporal force visualization. The resultant 4 mm-thick ML-TPS fabric maintains exceptional flexibility, breathability, and high impact energy dissipation (efficiency > 90%) while demonstrating rapid damage localization (response time < 6 ms) and quantitative impact assessment (R² = 0.95 linear correlation), surpassing conventional materials in temporal resolution. The fabricated visual sensing matrix enables visual localization, showing unique advantages in scenarios requiring rapid impact response, such as sports protection and personal safety. Finally, the multi-scenario applicability of ML-TPS fibers is demonstrated through human motion monitoring and underwater warning validation. This work provides a new paradigm for developing active protection-type intelligent wearable systems.

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To enhance the comfort and impact resistance of protective materials while enabling real-time impact visualization, ML-TPS fibers consisting of ZnS:Cu/PDMS shell layers and shear-stiffening polymer cores were developed. Smart textiles based on these fibers offer efficient protection and instant impact localization, making them ideal for rapid-response applications, such as sports safety and personal protection. Finally, the versatility of ML-TPS fibers across various scenarios is demonstrated through human motion monitoring and impact-triggered early warning capabilities.

Biomass-derived self-supporting carbon materials are considered promising cathodes for zinc-ion capacitors owing to their structural tunability and cost-effectiveness. Natural ramie fibers form a 3D interpenetrating network, which provides excellent mechanical support for flexible electrodes. However, conventional high-temperature activation often induces structural collapse. Although surface etching preserves flexible frameworks, it limits pore development, resulting in underutilized surface area and poor pore-carrier compatibility. These limitations create a trade-off between electrochemical performance and structural flexibility. This study presents a top–down intercalation activation strategy for precise pore regulation in natural plant fiber-derived carbon. To completely preserve the flexible fiber skeleton, this approach successfully constructs an interconnected hierarchical channel system, which effectively reduces the ion diffusion barrier. Consequently, the flexible electrode exhibits abundant defect structures and a high specific surface area of 2477 m² g⁻¹, which is 50 times that of directly carbonized ramie fibers. These features significantly increase the number of active sites available for charge storage. The assembled zinc-ion hybrid capacitor exhibits an excellent specific capacity of 212 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ and an energy density of 168 Wh kg⁻¹, and retains 91% of its capacity after 50,000 cycles. Notably, the assembled flexible device maintains normal operations under multi-angle bending conditions, indicating excellent stability. The proposed strategy provides an innovative approach for the precise regulation of pore size in biomass-derived carbon fibers and enables the efficient preparation of other cellulose-based self-supporting carbon materials.

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Smart firefighting clothing is in urgent need of rigorous fire resistance. Here, a novel 2D nanomaterial, silver nanoparticle@polydopamine@M(OH)(OCH₃) (M=Co, Ni) (AgNP@PDA@M(OH)(OCH₃)), was utilized to construct self-assembled nano-coated aramid fiber (NCANF). Through phase interface catalysis and high-temperature reduction, NCANF forms a distinctive “metal–carbon–air” honeycomb-like buffer that enables NCANF to withstand the butane flame (1300 °C) for at least 60 s, exceeding the performance of firefighting uniform (FU, Nomex) in service. In this process, the back temperature of NCANF decreased by more than 50% compared to FU, with a maximum difference of 236.1 °C. NCANF offers a rapid fire alarm response under 3 s with a maximum resistance change rate of 15%, and supports the graded indication using arithmetic amplifier circuit. NCANF maintained a maximum resistance change rate of approximately 63% during 50 repeated bends of the manipulator joint. Leveraging the relationship between the joint bending angle and resistance change rate, an “attitude code” system can be established as the initial parameter matrix of a neural network and can enable the recognition of the firefighters’ body language. NCANF well solves the problem of current smart firefighting clothing that lacks rigorous fireproofing and is promising to establish a linked rescue mode based on real-time on-site information collection.

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Since their discovery in 2011, MXenes, two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, have emerged as highly promising materials for smart textile applications. They offer exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity, optical tunability, and mechanical flexibility. These materials can also be produced at scale and readily solution-processed into textile formats, fueling a surge of interest in integrating MXenes into various smart textile applications, from strain sensors and wearable biosensors to adaptive thermal management and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. However, despite this rapid growth, existing reviews of MXene-enabled smart textiles remain narrow in scope, often focusing on single fabrication methods or specific functionalities. Such a fragmented perspective makes it difficult for researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of how the field has evolved and where it is headed. In response, we present a quantitative bibliographic analysis of MXene–textile research from 2017 through 2024, encompassing nearly 1000 publications. This review categorizes the literature by major functional domains (sensing, energy storage/harvesting, EMI shielding, and heating) and examines their shifts over time, providing reasons and examples for these changes in research interest. Additionally, detailed analyses of functions in each category were conducted in a similar fashion. Our holistic, data-driven assessment offers guidance for future research and commercialization of MXene-functionalized smart textiles by identifying high-impact areas, emerging opportunities, and critical gaps.

The rapid development of miniaturized and high-power electronics urgently demands multifunctional materials that simultaneously mitigate thermal shock and electromagnetic interference (EMI). While phase change materials (PCMs) offer thermal buffering capabilities, their limited thermal conductivity and inability to address EMI restrict applications in integrated electronic systems. Herein, we develop multi-interfacial engineered composite PCMs (PW–MXene/CNFs@MoS₂) that synergistically integrate thermal management and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. Through hierarchical assembly of 2D MXene and MoS₂ nanosheets on a 3D carbon nanofiber (CNF) network, composite PCMs achieve synergistic dual functionality. The architecture establishes an efficient phonon conductive framework for rapid thermal dissipation, while maintaining remarkable heat storage capacity of 121.8 J/g. Additionally, polarization-enhanced heterointerfaces enable excellent EMW absorption (− 64.1 dB reflection loss across 4.28 GHz bandwidth below 2.1 mm). The composite PCMs also exhibit outstanding cyclic stability, retaining 97% of their phase change enthalpy after 300 thermal cycles, while maintaining superior leakage resistance under combined thermal and mechanical stresses. Practical validation reveals its dual functionality: a 6.4 °C thermal buffer under 1200 W/m² thermal shock and effective Bluetooth signal shielding. This work provides an innovative solution for the synergistic management of thermal shock and electromagnetic interference issues, showing viable potential for applications in advanced electronic systems.

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Integrating passive radiative cooling techniques with wearable fabrics has gained prominence in addressing global warming-induced energy demands, environmental concerns, and health risks due to their superior and practical personal thermal management capabilities. However, conventional passive radiative fabrics are normally static, thereby failing to dynamically respond to ever-changing and uncontrollable environmental conditions, posing significant challenges to dynamic regulation in personal thermal management. Herein, inspired by the multilayered architecture of the bright silver scales of Curetis Acuta Moore, an electrospun sandwich structure is developed, which integrates passive radiative cooling and latent heat storage, concurrently achieving sub-ambient cooling and efficient thermal shock resistance. The sandwich biodegradable phase-change metafabric (SBPM) is developed that achieves excellent radiative cooling performance with a sub-ambient temperature drop of 6.8 °C under sunlight, including ultrahigh solar reflectance (97.2%) and infrared emittance (92.3%). The average temperature rises 1.8 °C above the ambient temperature due to the phase-change material releasing latent heat when the temperature is lower than the comfortable temperature of the human body. Furthermore, supported by comprehensive life cycle assessment, this efficient cooling textile demonstrates biodegradability while maintaining a reduced environmental footprint. The temperature-adaptive SBPM enables self-adaptive radiative cooling modulation, establishing a versatile platform for smart multifunctional fabrics that facilitate precision human–climate interaction in real-world scenarios.

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Wicking textiles are known to be superior to conventional textiles in body sweat management. However, many existing wicking textiles suffer inadequate durability and perspiration performance after repeated abrasion and washing. Herein, an interfacial interlocking strategy was demonstrated to prepare a durable self-pumping textile with strong interfacial adhesion (up to 21.47 ± 1.73 N/cm) between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. Unlike conventional transfer prints, the sequenced combination of powder-patterning and hot-pressing enables the in situ formation of the interfacial interlocking structures between the hydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) layer with the cotton fabric. The durable self-pumping textiles exhibit excellent abrasion-proof performance and enduring liquid unidirectional transport compared with the commercial wicking textiles. Furthermore, they show a liquid unidirectional transport capacity of (1385 ± 155)%, much higher than the previously reported wicking textiles. This work provides valuable insights for developing future high-performance wicking textiles, emphasizing enhanced liquid transport efficiency, and durability in demanding conditions.

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