Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Smart firefighting clothing is in urgent need of rigorous fire resistance. Here, a novel 2D nanomaterial, silver nanoparticle@polydopamine@M(OH)(OCH₃) (M=Co, Ni) (AgNP@PDA@M(OH)(OCH₃)), was utilized to construct self-assembled nano-coated aramid fiber (NCANF). Through phase interface catalysis and high-temperature reduction, NCANF forms a distinctive “metal–carbon–air” honeycomb-like buffer that enables NCANF to withstand the butane flame (1300 °C) for at least 60 s, exceeding the performance of firefighting uniform (FU, Nomex) in service. In this process, the back temperature of NCANF decreased by more than 50% compared to FU, with a maximum difference of 236.1 °C. NCANF offers a rapid fire alarm response under 3 s with a maximum resistance change rate of 15%, and supports the graded indication using arithmetic amplifier circuit. NCANF maintained a maximum resistance change rate of approximately 63% during 50 repeated bends of the manipulator joint. Leveraging the relationship between the joint bending angle and resistance change rate, an “attitude code” system can be established as the initial parameter matrix of a neural network and can enable the recognition of the firefighters’ body language. NCANF well solves the problem of current smart firefighting clothing that lacks rigorous fireproofing and is promising to establish a linked rescue mode based on real-time on-site information collection.

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Since their discovery in 2011, MXenes, two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, have emerged as highly promising materials for smart textile applications. They offer exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity, optical tunability, and mechanical flexibility. These materials can also be produced at scale and readily solution-processed into textile formats, fueling a surge of interest in integrating MXenes into various smart textile applications, from strain sensors and wearable biosensors to adaptive thermal management and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. However, despite this rapid growth, existing reviews of MXene-enabled smart textiles remain narrow in scope, often focusing on single fabrication methods or specific functionalities. Such a fragmented perspective makes it difficult for researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of how the field has evolved and where it is headed. In response, we present a quantitative bibliographic analysis of MXene–textile research from 2017 through 2024, encompassing nearly 1000 publications. This review categorizes the literature by major functional domains (sensing, energy storage/harvesting, EMI shielding, and heating) and examines their shifts over time, providing reasons and examples for these changes in research interest. Additionally, detailed analyses of functions in each category were conducted in a similar fashion. Our holistic, data-driven assessment offers guidance for future research and commercialization of MXene-functionalized smart textiles by identifying high-impact areas, emerging opportunities, and critical gaps.

The rapid development of miniaturized and high-power electronics urgently demands multifunctional materials that simultaneously mitigate thermal shock and electromagnetic interference (EMI). While phase change materials (PCMs) offer thermal buffering capabilities, their limited thermal conductivity and inability to address EMI restrict applications in integrated electronic systems. Herein, we develop multi-interfacial engineered composite PCMs (PW–MXene/CNFs@MoS₂) that synergistically integrate thermal management and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. Through hierarchical assembly of 2D MXene and MoS₂ nanosheets on a 3D carbon nanofiber (CNF) network, composite PCMs achieve synergistic dual functionality. The architecture establishes an efficient phonon conductive framework for rapid thermal dissipation, while maintaining remarkable heat storage capacity of 121.8 J/g. Additionally, polarization-enhanced heterointerfaces enable excellent EMW absorption (− 64.1 dB reflection loss across 4.28 GHz bandwidth below 2.1 mm). The composite PCMs also exhibit outstanding cyclic stability, retaining 97% of their phase change enthalpy after 300 thermal cycles, while maintaining superior leakage resistance under combined thermal and mechanical stresses. Practical validation reveals its dual functionality: a 6.4 °C thermal buffer under 1200 W/m² thermal shock and effective Bluetooth signal shielding. This work provides an innovative solution for the synergistic management of thermal shock and electromagnetic interference issues, showing viable potential for applications in advanced electronic systems.

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Integrating passive radiative cooling techniques with wearable fabrics has gained prominence in addressing global warming-induced energy demands, environmental concerns, and health risks due to their superior and practical personal thermal management capabilities. However, conventional passive radiative fabrics are normally static, thereby failing to dynamically respond to ever-changing and uncontrollable environmental conditions, posing significant challenges to dynamic regulation in personal thermal management. Herein, inspired by the multilayered architecture of the bright silver scales of Curetis Acuta Moore, an electrospun sandwich structure is developed, which integrates passive radiative cooling and latent heat storage, concurrently achieving sub-ambient cooling and efficient thermal shock resistance. The sandwich biodegradable phase-change metafabric (SBPM) is developed that achieves excellent radiative cooling performance with a sub-ambient temperature drop of 6.8 °C under sunlight, including ultrahigh solar reflectance (97.2%) and infrared emittance (92.3%). The average temperature rises 1.8 °C above the ambient temperature due to the phase-change material releasing latent heat when the temperature is lower than the comfortable temperature of the human body. Furthermore, supported by comprehensive life cycle assessment, this efficient cooling textile demonstrates biodegradability while maintaining a reduced environmental footprint. The temperature-adaptive SBPM enables self-adaptive radiative cooling modulation, establishing a versatile platform for smart multifunctional fabrics that facilitate precision human–climate interaction in real-world scenarios.

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Wicking textiles are known to be superior to conventional textiles in body sweat management. However, many existing wicking textiles suffer inadequate durability and perspiration performance after repeated abrasion and washing. Herein, an interfacial interlocking strategy was demonstrated to prepare a durable self-pumping textile with strong interfacial adhesion (up to 21.47 ± 1.73 N/cm) between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. Unlike conventional transfer prints, the sequenced combination of powder-patterning and hot-pressing enables the in situ formation of the interfacial interlocking structures between the hydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) layer with the cotton fabric. The durable self-pumping textiles exhibit excellent abrasion-proof performance and enduring liquid unidirectional transport compared with the commercial wicking textiles. Furthermore, they show a liquid unidirectional transport capacity of (1385 ± 155)%, much higher than the previously reported wicking textiles. This work provides valuable insights for developing future high-performance wicking textiles, emphasizing enhanced liquid transport efficiency, and durability in demanding conditions.

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Flexible wearable electronics have garnered substantial attention as promising alternatives to traditional rigid metallic conductors, particularly for personal health monitoring and bioinspired skin applications. However, these technologies face persistent challenges, including low sensitivity, limited mechanical strength, and difficulty in capturing weak signals. To address these issues, this study developed a hierarchical sandwich-structured piezoresistive foam sensor using phase inversion and NaCl sacrificial templating methods. The sensor exhibits an exceptional sensitivity of up to 83.4 kPa⁻¹ under an ultralow detection pressure of 2.43 Pa. By optimizing the foam porosity, its mechanical performance was significantly enhanced, reaching a tensile fracture elongation of 257.3% at 73.42% porosity. The hierarchical sandwich structure provided mechanical buffering and layer-enhancement functionalities for dynamic responses, whereas the nanostructure further refined signal acquisition and interference resistance. Signal analysis using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) enables multiscale and multifrequency characterization of arterial resistance signals under varying applied pressures. These findings underscore the sensor’s ability to capture weak signals and analyze complex pulse dynamics. This advancement paves the way for the extensive application of multifunctional sensors in smart devices and health care. This method offers a robust scientific basis for further understanding and quantifying arterial pulse characteristics.

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Mechanical fiber sensors that can be seamlessly integrated into traditional fabrics have significant potential for imperceptible sleep monitoring. Wet-spinning techniques are an effective method for fabricating fiber sensors. However, the sensors produced by this process have a single, homogeneous linear structure, which limits their high sensitivity and linearity to low-pressure ranges and presents challenges for stability. To address this issue, we propose an improved wet-spinning process for the large-scale production of a capacitive sensor that features both multilevel structure of varying heights and a core-sheath configuration (with commercial conductive yarn as the core and TPU as the sheath).Thanks to its multilevel structure, a multilevel structure fabric pressure sensing belt (MSFPSB) woven from this fiber sensor exhibits excellent linearity (R² = 0.998) and sensitivity (0.077 kPa⁻¹) over a pressure range of 3.3–30 kPa. Furthermore, the commercial conductive core ensures the sensor's stability after 4000 compression cycles. Additionally, we have developed a battery-free, wireless, stick-on-and-use-immediately data acquisition tag based on near-field communication (NFC). The tag works with a reader placed 5 cm away to imperceptibly monitor breathing, ballistocardiogram (BCG), and body motion signals during both work and sleep. This approach enhances the comfort of sleep monitoring and helps detect potential sleep disorders.

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Filtration materials are designed with nanofibrous structures to address the trade-off effect between filtration efficiency and resistance. However, achieving a breakthrough in these performance metrics remains challenging. Inspired by the white stork wing, we present a novel rod‒ribbon interwoven nanofiber membrane with ultraefficient filtration efficiency for PM. The silica (SiO₂)/tin dioxide (SnO₂) hybrid membrane was fabricated using a one-step electrospinning approach, where its unique structure was formed under the influence of solvent nonequilibrium evaporation during the electrospinning process. The optimized interwoven structure enables the membranes to achieve an outstanding filtration efficiency of 99.96% for PM_0.3 at an airflow velocity of 5.33 cm/s while maintaining a minimal pressure drop of 62 Pa ((Q_{{text{f}}}) = 0.12 Pa⁻¹). The mechanisms underlying the material's formation and the enhancement of its filtration performance were systematically analyzed. Consequently, this study provides novel insights and methodologies for developing high-performance air filtration materials, thereby supporting the strategic objectives of low-carbon development.

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Aerogel fibers with high porosity, low thermal conductivity and flexibility have shown great potential for applications in personal thermal management. However, the porous structure of aerogel fibers significantly compromises their mechanical properties like tensile strength. Here, we propose a high-strength polyimide aerogel fiber with porous-cortex-dense-core structure prepared via a coaxial wet-spinning based on hierarchical phase separation. Porous-cortex is formed due to fast phase separation rate induced by weak electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the fluorinated polyimide and the ethanol. In contrast, the poly(amic acid) with high polarity index in the core-layer exhibits a slow phase separation rate, allowing the fibers to produce a dense nanoporous structure. With the dense core undertaking stress and porous cortex hindering heat transfer, the obtained aerogel fiber exhibits a higher tensile strength of up to 55.2 MPa compared to most reported aerogel fibers (0.15 –30 MPa) and a low thermal conductivity of 37.2 mW m⁻¹ K⁻¹. This work offers a new way to prepare strong aerogel fibers and broadens their applications in thermal protection and infrared stealth.

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