Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZiBs) offer a sustainable, cost-effective, and safe alternative to lithium-ion batteries, yet they face challenges related to cathode limitations, such as low energy density and stability issues. In this study, we report the successful synthesis of minuscule ZnV₂O₄ nanoparticles uniformly integrated into conductive carbon nanofibers (m-ZnV₂O₄@CNFs) via electrospinning followed by a reduction heat treatment. Structural and electrochemical analyses demonstrate that this composite considerably improves ionic and electronic conductivity, reduces vanadium dissolution, and preserves structural integrity during extended cycling. In situ X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses reveal a partial structural transformation from the spinel ZnV₂O₄ phase to a layered vanadate phase, which stably coexists with residual spinel structures, enhancing both capacity and stability. Electrochemical testing demonstrates exceptional cycling stability, with a specific capacity of approximately 175 mAh·g⁻¹ after 600 cycles at 100 mA·g⁻¹, and outstanding longevity over 10,000 cycles at an increased current density of 2 A·g⁻¹. This study provides valuable insights into the design of multifunctional cathode materials, advancing the practical application of AZiBs.

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Textile displays have emerged as a promising technology for wearable electronics, yet maintaining excellent display performance and durability in daily use remains a challenge. We present a highly flexible yarn-based electrophoretic display fiber (EPDF) for wearable textile displays, fabricated using a low-temperature solution process. The EPDFs feature a coaxial structure with a diameter of less than 500 μm, enabling seamless integration into fabrics while maintaining textiles’ lightweight and breathable properties. The EPDFs exhibit stable black and white states under driving, with potential for thermal management applications. A dual encapsulation layer provides protection against sweat and sebum, enhancing durability for daily use. These features make EPDFs a promising candidate for next-generation wearable textile displays.

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Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for managing chronic wounds. However, its effectiveness in diabetic wound healing remains limited due to sustained hypoxia, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a persistent inflammatory microenvironment. Developing harmful-microenvironment-adapted reparative materials could enhance stem cell survival and function, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes. This study developed a stem-cell-supported multifunctional bio-scaffold, composed of polyethylene oxide/polyvinyl butyral (PEO/PVB) nanofiber scaffolds and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), named living nanofiber scaffolds (LNFS). A three-dimensional (3D) PEO/PVB nanofiber scaffold with a controlled gradient structure was first fabricated using in-situ dual-component alternating electrospinning. By integrating in-situ cell electrospinning with this technique, UC-MSCs were evenly embedded within the scaffold, achieving high cell density and viability. Furthermore, Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) was incorporated into the LNFS to supply oxygen, scavenge ROS, and reduce glucose levels, thereby enhancing the synergistic effect of CP and UC-MSCs. In vivo experiments demonstrated that LNFS@CP effectively absorbed wound exudate, suppressed inflammation, promoted collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and ultimately accelerated diabetic wound healing. This study presents a non-contact 3D stem cell delivery system and a multifunctional bio-scaffold that synergistically enhances the effects of CP and UC-MSCs, providing a novel strategy for wound treatment.

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Sunlight-driven catalysis has been recognized as a prospective strategy to achieve efficient wastewater purification, but its widespread adoption is hampered by persistent challenges, including unsatisfactory catalytic performance and difficult recovery of powdery catalysts. Addressing these limitations, we present a self-floating S-scheme Bi₄O₅Br₂/C₃N₄/carbon fiber cloth (BiBr/CN/CC) heterojunction-a robust, recyclable photocatalyst engineered for safe and efficient degradation of aquaculture antibiotics. This hierarchical architecture features a conductive carbon fiber cloth (CC) core enveloped by Bi₄O₅Br₂/C₃N₄ (BiBr/CN) nanosheets, synergistically combining buoyancy, practical recoverability, and superior photocatalytic performance. The S-scheme configuration between Bi₄O₅Br₂ and C₃N₄ directs photogenerated electrons from BiBr to CN via a robust internal electric field (IEF), preserving optimal redox capacities, contributing to abundant ROS generation for photoreactions. Accordingly, BiBr/CN/CC displays the exceptional photocatalytic activity for oxytetracycline (OTC) destruction, with an OTC destruction rate of (0.0120 min^‒1), significantly exceeding BiBr/CC (0.0085 min^‒1) and CN/CC (0.0051 min^‒1) by 0.4 and 1.4 times, respectively. More significantly, BiBr/CN/CC manifests excellent practicality due to its effortless recovery and operation, excellent robustness, and good environmental adaptability. Furthermore, the OTC decomposition process and intermediates’ eco-toxicity, along with the photocatalysis mechanism are thoroughly explored. This research underscores the significance of devising self-floating, recyclable and high-performance photocatalysts for water decontamination.

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A floatable macroscopic Bi₄O₅Br₂/C₃N₄/carbon fiber cloth heterojunction was engineered to address the critical challenges of unsatisfactory catalytic performance and recyclability in photocatalytic water purification. This innovative architecture integrates Bi₄O₅Br₂ nanosheets and C₃N₄ layers onto a carbon cloth, synergizing the advantages of a hierarchical structure, built-in buoyancy, and S-scheme charge transfer dynamics. This fabric manifests intriguing prospects for practical application, advancing the design of recyclable S-scheme heterojunctions for environmental remediation

Porous films with high strength and toughness are in high demand for energy storage, flexible electronics, and biomedical applications. However, balancing mechanical performance with controlled pore architecture remains challenging. In this study, a bioinspired strategy was employed to fabricate strong and tough cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite nanofibers using a modified electrospinning technique. This approach yields a well-ordered soft–hard intercalated structure inspired by natural spider silk. By tuning CNC content and nanofiber orientation, the resulting CNC/PVA composite nanofiber-based films exhibit excellent specific strength (156.8 MPa g⁻¹ cm⁻³), high toughness (27.3 MJ m⁻²), and tunable porosity (68–90%). Additionally, these films exhibit excellent thermal stability, enhanced electrolyte wettability, and a well-controlled pore architecture, rendering them highly effective as lithium-ion battery separators that effectively suppress lithium dendrite growth. Compared to conventional plastic films (e.g., Polypropylene, Polyethylene), the aligned CNC/PVA nanofiber film has a lower carbon footprint and inherent biodegradability. This work presents a sustainable pathway for developing high-performance porous materials with promising applications in renewable energy systems, flexible electronics, and related fields.

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are strong contenders for next-generation energy storage systems due to their advantages of safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, challenges such as zinc dendrite formation, cathode dissolution, and electrolyte side reactions have hindered their development. Electrospinning technology can be employed to fabricate high-surface area, porous, and tunable nanofiber membranes, offering innovative solutions for optimizing the performance of AZIBs (anodes, cathodes, separators, and electrolytes). This review systematically summarizes the research progress on the utilization of electrospinning technology for the multi-scale structural regulation and performance enhancement of AZIBs. First, the working principle of AZIBs and the existing challenges of each AZIB component are analyzed. Then, the influences of electrospinning parameters (i.e., voltage, spinneret solution composition, and environmental factors) on fiber morphology and function are discussed, highlighting their potential for improving battery performance. The review further focuses on the design of AZIB components, summarizing the application cases of electrospun materials in AZIBs. These materials include: (1) cathodes: derived carbon nanofiber/metal oxide composites with enhanced electronic conductivity and structural stability; (2) anodes: three-dimensional porous fiber scaffolds or interfacial layers that suppress zinc dendrites and promote uniform zinc deposition; (3) separators: functionalized nanofiber membranes that exhibit high ionic conductivity and dendrite suppression; (4) solid-state electrolytes: polymer composite fiber-based solid-state electrolytes with improved interfacial compatibility. Finally, this review highlights the ongoing need for using electrospinning methods to achieve breakthroughs in the large-scale production, interfacial optimization, and long-term cycling stability of AZIBs. On this basis, this review proposes future research strategies that integrate artificial intelligence (AI) bionic design, in-situ characterization, and green material development, aiming to provide key theoretical and technical support for the practical application of high-performance AZIBs.

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Zinc–iodine (Zn–I₂) batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced safety. However, critical challenges such as polyiodide shuttle effects and sluggish redox kinetics at the cathode–electrolyte interface impede their practical implementation. In this study, we design a hierarchically porous hetero-carbon nanofiber-based iodine host material, incorporating TiO₂ active sites with homojunction configurations, designed to simultaneously immobilize and catalytically convert polyiodide species. Through integrated density functional theory calculations and comprehensive experimental characterization, we reveal that the synergistic hetero-/homojunction structure substantially improves charge transfer efficiency and catalytic activity, effectively mitigating polyiodide diffusion while promoting redox kinetics. The optimized band structure endows the cathode with a high specific capacity of 190.5 mAh·g⁻¹ and exceptional cycling stability, retaining 98.9% of its capacity after 50,000 cycles under high iodine loading (8 mg·cm⁻²). Furthermore, the structural flexibility of this cathode enables the development of high-performance flexible Zn–I₂ batteries, opening new avenues for wearable energy storage devices.

Exudate reversal to wounds significantly limits rapid and effective wound healing when a hydrophilic dressing is used. Inspired by Murray’s law of the structural characteristics of rhizomatous plants, we constructed an electrospinning-nanofibrous membrane to achieve unidirectional exudate transport. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was used to construct a graded pore size variation compliant with Murray’s law. Upon liquid wetting, the macro-pore layer (wound side) forms unidirectional capillary forces that propel fluid toward the micro-pore layer (outer side), exhibiting liquid transport efficiency compliant with Murray’s law. This outward capillary force, on the one hand, drives the continuous drainage of wound exudate, reducing the accumulation of inflammatory substances, and promoting wound healing; on the other hand, it prevents the backflow of inflammatory fluid within the outer hydrophilic material. Moreover, hydrophobic materials do not adhere to tissues, which helps reduce secondary damage during dressing replacement. In addition, curcumin (CUR) loading on the wound side enhances the membrane’s antioxidant and proangiogenic properties, supporting vascularization, collagen deposition, reducing inflammation, and accelerating healing. In conclusion, this biomimetic nanofiber dressing represents straightforward wound treatment approach with substantial clinical potential.

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Enhancing the mechanical performance of synthetic fibers is pursued in aerospace, wearable devices, and protective textiles. However, current reinforcement methods rely on the chemical modification of polymer stock, introducing greater complexity and processing challenge. In this work, the mechanical properties of different aramid fibers and their composite fibers are improved through a cool spinning strategy. By reducing the coagulation temperature to –25 °C, the interactions between polymer chains and solvent molecules are substantially enhanced, thereby improving the drawability of the polymer solution. The draw ratio markedly increases typically from 200% to 380%, leading to optimized oriented and crystalline structures. Consequently, the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and toughness of large-diameter heterocyclic para-aramid fibers increase by 112%, 123% and 118%, respectively. The cool spinning proposal is further applied to 36-μm-thick heterocyclic para-aramid/graphene oxide composite fibers, realizing elevated tensile strength, Young’s modulus and toughness of 6.28 GPa, 119.62 GPa and 172.7 MJ⋅m⁻³, respectively. This strategy is also applicable to meta-aramid fibers, where tensile strength increases up to 1.35 GPa. The simple and universal cool spinning approach opens an avenue towards the preparation of high-performance fibers and composite fibers for structural and functional applications.

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A new cool spinning strategy for aramid fibers is proposed by reducing the coagulation temperature. This strategy dramatically enhances the interactions between polymer and solvent molecules, thereby increasing the draw ratio. It enables the preparation of different high-performance aramid fibers and their composite fibers with substantially improved tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and toughness.

With the advancement of wearable devices, textiles as flexible substrates are increasingly applied in strain sensors to enhance flexibility and wearing comfort for monitoring physiological signals and recognizing gestures. However, obtaining resistive strain sensors with stable electrical conductivity and precise signals remains a great challenge since ambient temperature fluctuation significantly compromises sensitivity and reliability in practical applications. Addressing this, we proposed a near-zero temperature coefficient resistive (TCR) yarn sensor with a three-layer coaxial structure, namely NZ-TCRY. The near-zero resistivity behavior of the yarn sensor is achieved by using silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a positive TCR behavior to compensate for the negative TCR behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). To achieve thermos-protective behavior under high temperature conditions, aramid fibers were spun into yarn sheaths. Based on the aforementioned materials and structural designs, the NZ-TCRY sensor achieved an approximately zero TCR value (| TCR | ≤ 2.21 × 10⁻⁴ K⁻¹) from − 20 °C to 130 °C, high sensitivity (3.3977), fast transient response (≤ 72 ms), and remarkable durability (over 20,000 cycles). The NZ-TCRY sensor can be seamlessly integrated with smart wearables and soft robot-sensor integration for various applications, such as gesture recognition, intelligent sorting, and human–machine interaction, precisely recognizing objects with different sizes and weights across diverse temperature conditions. This work provides an effective approach to solving the issue of temperature dependence for preparing sensitive and flexible strain sensors and expanding the application prospects in healthcare, personal protection, artificial intelligence, and digital twins.

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