Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Excessive uptake of purine and glucose can lead to hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia, mediated by specific intestinal transport proteins. Currently, there is a deficiency in targeted regulation of these proteins. In this study, we introduce an oral approach for targeted modulation using electrospun core–shell short-fibers that settle on the intestinal mucosa. These fibers, designed for the controlled in situ release of phlorizin—a multi-transporter inhibitor—are crafted through a refined electrospinning-homogenizing process using polylactic acid and gelatin. Phlorizin is conjugated via a phenyl borate ester bond. Furthermore, a calcium alginate shell ensures intestinal disintegration triggered by pH changes. These fibers adhere to the mucosa due to their unique structure, and phlorizin is released in situ post-ingestion through glucose-sensitive cleavage of the phenyl borate ester bond, enabling dual-target inhibition of intestinal transporter proteins. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the short-fibers possess intestine-settling and glucose-responsive properties, facilitating precise control over transport proteins. Using models of hyperuricemia and diabetes in mice, treatment with short-fibers results in reductions of 49.6% in blood uric acid and 17.8% in glucose levels, respectively. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing indicates an improved intestinal flora composition. In conclusion, we have developed an innovative oral strategy for the prevention of hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia.

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Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease caused by an imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Repairing osteoporotic bone defects is challenging due to decreased osteogenesis, increased osteoclast activity, and impaired angiogenesis. To address this challenge, a novel scaffold, inspired by the structure of multilayer fishing nets, is developed through a combination of template-assisted electrospinning and advanced three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies. The 3D nanofiber scaffold exhibits a hierarchical porous architecture. This design maintains the high specific surface area and extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicry of the nanofiber membrane. Additionally, the sparsely distributed nanofibers within the mesh-like structure facilitate cell infiltration. This unique topological configuration, particularly the strontium-hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAp)-enriched polycaprolactone/silk fibroin nanofibers, plays a critical role in synergistically promoting angiogenesis, enhancing osteogenesis, and suppressing osteoclast differentiation. In an osteoporotic cranial bone defect model, the scaffold demonstrates an exceptional repair efficiency of nearly 100% within 8 weeks, marked by significant new bone formation throughout the implanted area. In conclusion, our approach, which leverages intricate biomimicry and strategic active ion release, emerges as a highly promising strategy for repairing osteoporotic bone defects.

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Lightweight and flexible fiber devices are currently attracting significant interest in the field of advanced wearable electronics. However, many electroluminescent fiber devices suffer from high operating voltage and power consumption. To address this issue, a novel low-power-consumption coaxial electrophoretic display fiber (EPDF) with low-power-consumption, which consists of silver nanowire electrodes, electrophoretic microcapsule layer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulation layer and PDMS substrate, was fabricated using a simple dip-coating method. The prepared fiber devices exhibit full functionality under a human-safe voltage of 30 V, featuring uniform and angle-independent contrast. Moreover, the EPDFs demonstrate excellent flexibility and mechanical stability, capable of operating properly at axial strains exceeding 50% and maintaining performance after 1000 cycles of 30% strain. The EPDFs, encapsulated with transparent PDMS, demonstrating exceptional wearability and biocompatibility. Benefiting from the distinctive bistable characteristics of electrophoretic microcapsule particles, EPDFs exhibit ultralow power consumption, and the varying light absorption capacities in different display states empower them to adapt effectively to diverse environments. These remarkable features qualify EPDFs for various outdoor wearable applications. Finally, a proof-of-concept of electrophoretic display fabric is demonstrated by weaving the as-prepared fiber with common yarn, showcasing the future perspective of wearable functional textiles entirely woven from EPD.

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Harvesting fog composed of differently charged droplets offers a potential solution to freshwater crises. Leveraging electrostatic attraction between charged surfaces and droplets to enhance capture efficiency represents an efficacious approach for achieving efficient fog harvesting. However, existing strategies to enhance electrostatic attraction by introducing charges on the surface pose persistence challenges. Here, an asymmetric wettability polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber (named Janus-PAN) with stable high surface potential via in-situ molecular confined modification is proposed for fog harvesting. By coupling the high capture efficiency generated by persistent electrostatic interaction and the directional self-driven transport supported by wettability gradient, Janus-PAN achieves a water collection rate (WCR) of 1775 mg/cm²/h, which is 2.6 times higher than that of fibers with low surface potential and no wetting gradient. Moreover, the potential application of the Janus-PAN harp in agricultural irrigation is demonstrated. The previously unreported surface potential control strategy shown here can potentially upgrade the fiber-based fog harvesting materials.

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Textiles, ranging from individual fibers to assembled yarns and fabrics, have long served diverse functions in apparel and across several industrial sectors. In pursuit of enhanced functionalities, the textile community is constantly exploring possible advancements as presented by emerging materials, which leads to frequent convergence of the textile community with the materials–science community in an interdisciplinary manner. Over the past two decades, the advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are characterized by quantum confinement on the thickness direction and their resulting spectacular physical and chemical properties, has provided substantial opportunities to enhance technical performances of various textile products. Demonstrated applications span across diverse domains, including electronics, biomedicine, aerospace, environment, and energy. This review comprehensively surveys the recent developments on this topic, starting with various categories of 2D materials and their pertinent properties relevant to textile integration. Later, the discussion extends to a group of materials–integration techniques for textiles, while more focus is put on the fiber-spinning and surface-deposition protocols. Subsequently we delve into a variety of emerging applications as reported in literature, and in the end, we conclude with an assessment of technological constraints and the associated commercial prospects of these 2D-material/textile systems.

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Silk fabric-based wearable electronics stand among the most effective materials for the electronic skin function, due to their flexibility, robust mechanical features, and bio-compatibility. However, the development of fabric sensors is restricted by limited resilience and the weak binding force of conductive materials to fabrics. Herein, a general strategy is developed for designing SF wearable devices with high elasticity and conductivity, combining the macroscopic design of three-dimensional SF structure, microscopic plasma-activated β-FeOOH scaffolds and in situ polymerized polypyrrole. Significantly, the fabric exhibits a maximum tensile strain of up to 30%, high conductivity (resistivity of 0.3 Ω·cm), fast response in sensing (50 ms), and excellent durability (> 1500 cycles). The possible mechanism of plasma activation of akaganeite scaffolds to produce zero-valent iron and induce pyrrole polymerization is analyzed. In addition, the e-textiles are demonstrated for personal-care management, including motion recognition, information interaction and electric heating. This work provides a novel guide to constructing advanced fabric-sensor devices capable of high conductivity and elasticity, which are expected to be applied in the fields of health monitoring, smart homes, and virtual reality interaction.

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The three-dimensional conductive silk wearable devices (3D-CSWD) combine redesigning the fabric structure, employing plasma treatment to activate β-FeOOH scaffolds, and inducing in situ polymerization of polypyrrole. These fabric devices are capable of withstanding large mechanical stretching cycles and maintain high conductivity after washing, which can be used to monitor a wide range of human body motions, including pulse monitoring, breathing monitoring, swallowing actions, and wrist and finger bending movements. Furthermore, they can be used for electric heating and information exchange by transmitting morse code.

Integrating passive radiative cooling techniques with wearable fabrics provides a zero-energy strategy for preventing people from heat stress and reducing cooling demand. However, developing wearable passive radiative cooling fabrics with ideal optical characteristics, wearability, and scalability has consistently presented a challenge. Here, we developed a metafabric with high sunlight reflectivity (88.07%) according to the design of an individual photonic structure, which demonstrates total internal reflection with the tailored triangular light track. A skin simulator covered by metafabric exhibits a temperature drop of 7.17 °C in the daytime compared with regular polyester fabric in an outdoor cooling test. Consequently, it was theoretically proven to exert a substantial influence on achieving a significant cooling demand reduction of 52.69–185.79 W·m⁻². These characteristics, coupled with structural stability, air-moisture permeability, sufficient wearability, and scalability, allowed the metafabric to provide a solution for introducing zero-energy passive radiative cooling technique into human body cooling.

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In recent years, the collection and monitoring of human physiological signals have garnered increasing attention due to their wide-ranging applications in healthcare, human–machine interaction, sports, and other fields. However, the continuous fabrication of flexible gel fiber electrodes with high mechanical performance, high conductivity, and durability for extreme environments using a simple, efficient, and universal strategy remains challenging for physiological signal acquisition. Here, we have employed a strategy of solvent replacement and multi-level hydrogen bond enhancement to construct eutectogel fibers with continuous solid–liquid structure, achieving continuous production of fibers with high strength, high conductivity, and low-temperature resistance. In the fiber, PVA serves as the solid-state elastic phase, DES as the liquid ionic conductive phase, and CNF as the reinforcement phase. The resulting eutectogel fibers exhibit excellent tensile strength (37.3 MPa), good elongation (> 700%), high electrical conductivity (0.543 S/m), and resistance to extreme dry and −60 °C low-temperature environments. Furthermore, these eutectogel fibers demonstrate high sensitivity for monitoring joint movements and effectively detecting in vitro and in vivo signals, show casing their potential for wearable strain sensors and monitoring physiological signals.

Clinical diagnosis and early intervention employ pedobarometry, which analyzes gait, posture, and foot health. Athletes utilize smart insoles to track step count, distance, and other parameters to improve performance. Current sensor platforms are bulky and limited to indoor or clinical environments, despite the trend of developing specialized insoles for recuperation and therapy. Hence, we presented a fully flexible, typically portable, and multi-functional insole monitoring technology powered by Archimedean algorithmic spiral TENG-based power system strictly produced from biopolymers such as bacterial cellulose, conjugate-blend of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and more. Along with exceptional mechanical and electrical performance [current density (J_SC) ≈ 40–50 μA/cm² and power density (P_D) ≈ 500–600 μW/cm²], the smart insole system exhibited good sensor-human foot interfacial analysis results, proving to be capable of biomechanical analysis of gait, posture, and many other podiatry-related conditions, albeit being soft, portable, and having compatibility potential for IoT integration.

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Hydrogel fibers have gained considerable attention, but their large-scale production and industrial application are currently constrained. The key lies in precise diameter control and industrial manufacturing with a straightforward, energy-saving, and efficient strategy. Herein, we introduce a hydrodynamic drafting spinning platform inspired by water vortices. It employs the rotation of a nonsolvent to generate vortices and further facilitate the efficient drafting of hydrogel fibers. Through supporting equipment, we have achieved impressive results, including scalable production capabilities (1 h, single channel output of 2 × 10³ m of fibers) and extensive adaptability. Subsequently, by simply regulating the velocity difference between fiber extrusion and fluid vortex, hydrogel fibers can be drafted to any diameter from about 1 mm to 5 × 10^–2 mm (for chitosan system). Notably, this platform endows hydrogel fibers to carry functional hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. Equally significant, these delicate hydrogel fibers seamlessly integrate with subsequent manufacturing technologies. This allows the production of various end products, such as fiber bundles, yarns, fabrics, and nonwovens. Furthermore, the immense potential in biomedical applications has been demonstrated after obtaining hydrogel fiber-based nonwoven as wound dressings. In summary, the hydrodynamic drafting spinning platform offers an effective solution for the large-scale production of diameter-controllable, multifunctional hydrogel fibers.

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