Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Polymer-based thermoelectric (TE) films feature several prominent merits, involving available multi-component compositions, versatile patterning fabrication, and readily integration. Therefore, these materials hold a huge potential as the continuous power supply for wearable devices. Herein, we reported the preparation of a series of vinylene-linked triazole-cored covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by Knoevenagel condensation of 2, 4, 6-trimethyl-1, 3, 5-triazine as the core monomer. The as-prepared COFs tend to generate the nano- or micro-fiber morphologies with tunable lengths and diameters through changing the polyphenylene building blocks. Accordingly, these COF fibers could be readily composited with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to form the flexible free-standing films upon a simple vacuum filtration method. A film sample containing 30 wt% g-C₁₈N₃-COF exhibited the highest power factor of 68.93 μW/(m K²) at 420 K. The manipulated 4-leg flexible thermoelectric generator (f-TEG) released a maximum output power and power density of 343.5 nW and 0.32 W/m² at a temperature difference of 35 K. After bending for 1000 times at a radius of 15 mm, the resistance change rate of the as-fabricated f-TEGs was less than 5%, exhibiting excellent stability and flexibility. This work might not only broaden the potential application scope of COF materials but also provide a new fabrication strategy towards energy harvesting.

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To mitigate secondary damage from traditional wound dressing removals, this study pioneers an intelligent wound dressing method using a dual-modality sensor for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of the healing process. Harnessing the skin’s architectural blueprint, the dressing employs a three-layered structure with asymmetric wettability, fabricated via advanced electrospinning and screen printing techniques. Central to this design is the MXene@Sodium alginate (SA)/Polylactic acid (PLA) humidity sensor, mimicking a dermal environment with exceptional sensitivity (99%) and response time (0.6 s), ensuring sustained performance over 28 days. A chitosan sponge (CS) layer, incorporated by freeze-drying, optimizes exudate management and expedites healing. The outer layer, a hydrophobic PLA@Ag₃PO₄ membrane, offers robust antimicrobial efficacy by eliminating 99.99% of bacterial presence. Functionally, this outer skin analog doubles as an ultra-sensitive capacitive-type pressure sensor (199.22 kPa⁻¹), with impressive durability over numerous cycles (1500 cycles), capturing subtle pressure fluctuations as wounds heal. In vivo results show that the dressing can prevent infection, accelerate angiogenesis and epithelial regeneration, and significantly accelerate the healing of open wounds. Integrated with a flexible sensing unit, control circuitry, and bluetooth module, this intelligent dressing paradigm articulates the nuances of wound healing dynamics, heralding a new era in smart healthcare applications.

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Inspired by human skin, a three-layer intelligent wound dressing has been developed that connects wirelessly via bluetooth, enabling real-time monitoring of both humidity and pressure at the wound site. This work holds promise for expanding the applications in the field of wound dressings and advancing intelligent healthcare solutions.

Excessive uptake of purine and glucose can lead to hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia, mediated by specific intestinal transport proteins. Currently, there is a deficiency in targeted regulation of these proteins. In this study, we introduce an oral approach for targeted modulation using electrospun core–shell short-fibers that settle on the intestinal mucosa. These fibers, designed for the controlled in situ release of phlorizin—a multi-transporter inhibitor—are crafted through a refined electrospinning-homogenizing process using polylactic acid and gelatin. Phlorizin is conjugated via a phenyl borate ester bond. Furthermore, a calcium alginate shell ensures intestinal disintegration triggered by pH changes. These fibers adhere to the mucosa due to their unique structure, and phlorizin is released in situ post-ingestion through glucose-sensitive cleavage of the phenyl borate ester bond, enabling dual-target inhibition of intestinal transporter proteins. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the short-fibers possess intestine-settling and glucose-responsive properties, facilitating precise control over transport proteins. Using models of hyperuricemia and diabetes in mice, treatment with short-fibers results in reductions of 49.6% in blood uric acid and 17.8% in glucose levels, respectively. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing indicates an improved intestinal flora composition. In conclusion, we have developed an innovative oral strategy for the prevention of hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia.

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Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease caused by an imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Repairing osteoporotic bone defects is challenging due to decreased osteogenesis, increased osteoclast activity, and impaired angiogenesis. To address this challenge, a novel scaffold, inspired by the structure of multilayer fishing nets, is developed through a combination of template-assisted electrospinning and advanced three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies. The 3D nanofiber scaffold exhibits a hierarchical porous architecture. This design maintains the high specific surface area and extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicry of the nanofiber membrane. Additionally, the sparsely distributed nanofibers within the mesh-like structure facilitate cell infiltration. This unique topological configuration, particularly the strontium-hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAp)-enriched polycaprolactone/silk fibroin nanofibers, plays a critical role in synergistically promoting angiogenesis, enhancing osteogenesis, and suppressing osteoclast differentiation. In an osteoporotic cranial bone defect model, the scaffold demonstrates an exceptional repair efficiency of nearly 100% within 8 weeks, marked by significant new bone formation throughout the implanted area. In conclusion, our approach, which leverages intricate biomimicry and strategic active ion release, emerges as a highly promising strategy for repairing osteoporotic bone defects.

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Lightweight and flexible fiber devices are currently attracting significant interest in the field of advanced wearable electronics. However, many electroluminescent fiber devices suffer from high operating voltage and power consumption. To address this issue, a novel low-power-consumption coaxial electrophoretic display fiber (EPDF) with low-power-consumption, which consists of silver nanowire electrodes, electrophoretic microcapsule layer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulation layer and PDMS substrate, was fabricated using a simple dip-coating method. The prepared fiber devices exhibit full functionality under a human-safe voltage of 30 V, featuring uniform and angle-independent contrast. Moreover, the EPDFs demonstrate excellent flexibility and mechanical stability, capable of operating properly at axial strains exceeding 50% and maintaining performance after 1000 cycles of 30% strain. The EPDFs, encapsulated with transparent PDMS, demonstrating exceptional wearability and biocompatibility. Benefiting from the distinctive bistable characteristics of electrophoretic microcapsule particles, EPDFs exhibit ultralow power consumption, and the varying light absorption capacities in different display states empower them to adapt effectively to diverse environments. These remarkable features qualify EPDFs for various outdoor wearable applications. Finally, a proof-of-concept of electrophoretic display fabric is demonstrated by weaving the as-prepared fiber with common yarn, showcasing the future perspective of wearable functional textiles entirely woven from EPD.

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Harvesting fog composed of differently charged droplets offers a potential solution to freshwater crises. Leveraging electrostatic attraction between charged surfaces and droplets to enhance capture efficiency represents an efficacious approach for achieving efficient fog harvesting. However, existing strategies to enhance electrostatic attraction by introducing charges on the surface pose persistence challenges. Here, an asymmetric wettability polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber (named Janus-PAN) with stable high surface potential via in-situ molecular confined modification is proposed for fog harvesting. By coupling the high capture efficiency generated by persistent electrostatic interaction and the directional self-driven transport supported by wettability gradient, Janus-PAN achieves a water collection rate (WCR) of 1775 mg/cm²/h, which is 2.6 times higher than that of fibers with low surface potential and no wetting gradient. Moreover, the potential application of the Janus-PAN harp in agricultural irrigation is demonstrated. The previously unreported surface potential control strategy shown here can potentially upgrade the fiber-based fog harvesting materials.

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Textiles, ranging from individual fibers to assembled yarns and fabrics, have long served diverse functions in apparel and across several industrial sectors. In pursuit of enhanced functionalities, the textile community is constantly exploring possible advancements as presented by emerging materials, which leads to frequent convergence of the textile community with the materials–science community in an interdisciplinary manner. Over the past two decades, the advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are characterized by quantum confinement on the thickness direction and their resulting spectacular physical and chemical properties, has provided substantial opportunities to enhance technical performances of various textile products. Demonstrated applications span across diverse domains, including electronics, biomedicine, aerospace, environment, and energy. This review comprehensively surveys the recent developments on this topic, starting with various categories of 2D materials and their pertinent properties relevant to textile integration. Later, the discussion extends to a group of materials–integration techniques for textiles, while more focus is put on the fiber-spinning and surface-deposition protocols. Subsequently we delve into a variety of emerging applications as reported in literature, and in the end, we conclude with an assessment of technological constraints and the associated commercial prospects of these 2D-material/textile systems.

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Silk fabric-based wearable electronics stand among the most effective materials for the electronic skin function, due to their flexibility, robust mechanical features, and bio-compatibility. However, the development of fabric sensors is restricted by limited resilience and the weak binding force of conductive materials to fabrics. Herein, a general strategy is developed for designing SF wearable devices with high elasticity and conductivity, combining the macroscopic design of three-dimensional SF structure, microscopic plasma-activated β-FeOOH scaffolds and in situ polymerized polypyrrole. Significantly, the fabric exhibits a maximum tensile strain of up to 30%, high conductivity (resistivity of 0.3 Ω·cm), fast response in sensing (50 ms), and excellent durability (> 1500 cycles). The possible mechanism of plasma activation of akaganeite scaffolds to produce zero-valent iron and induce pyrrole polymerization is analyzed. In addition, the e-textiles are demonstrated for personal-care management, including motion recognition, information interaction and electric heating. This work provides a novel guide to constructing advanced fabric-sensor devices capable of high conductivity and elasticity, which are expected to be applied in the fields of health monitoring, smart homes, and virtual reality interaction.

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The three-dimensional conductive silk wearable devices (3D-CSWD) combine redesigning the fabric structure, employing plasma treatment to activate β-FeOOH scaffolds, and inducing in situ polymerization of polypyrrole. These fabric devices are capable of withstanding large mechanical stretching cycles and maintain high conductivity after washing, which can be used to monitor a wide range of human body motions, including pulse monitoring, breathing monitoring, swallowing actions, and wrist and finger bending movements. Furthermore, they can be used for electric heating and information exchange by transmitting morse code.

Integrating passive radiative cooling techniques with wearable fabrics provides a zero-energy strategy for preventing people from heat stress and reducing cooling demand. However, developing wearable passive radiative cooling fabrics with ideal optical characteristics, wearability, and scalability has consistently presented a challenge. Here, we developed a metafabric with high sunlight reflectivity (88.07%) according to the design of an individual photonic structure, which demonstrates total internal reflection with the tailored triangular light track. A skin simulator covered by metafabric exhibits a temperature drop of 7.17 °C in the daytime compared with regular polyester fabric in an outdoor cooling test. Consequently, it was theoretically proven to exert a substantial influence on achieving a significant cooling demand reduction of 52.69–185.79 W·m⁻². These characteristics, coupled with structural stability, air-moisture permeability, sufficient wearability, and scalability, allowed the metafabric to provide a solution for introducing zero-energy passive radiative cooling technique into human body cooling.

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