Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

The rapid development of intelligent electronic devices demands novel lightweight conducting wires with high ampacity. Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are regarded as an ideal candidate due to their low density, good stability, and excellent flexibility. However, because the carrier density of CNTFs is relatively low, their electrical properties need to be improved. Herein, a high vapor pressure squeezing method was developed to fill FeCl₃ into the inner hollow core and inter-tube nanovoids of highly-compacted double-wall CNT fibers (DWCNTFs) prepared by wet-spinning. It was found that the FeCl₃ nanoparticles not only provide sufficient carriers and increase the hole transfer efficiency, but also function in interlocking the aligned DWCNTs. As a result, the obtained fibers had a record-high electrical conductivity of 1.35 × 10⁷ S m^–1 and an ampacity of 1.57 × 10⁹ A m^–2, which are, respectively, 21% and 96% higher than the highest values reported for CNT fibers. The fibers also have a high tensile strength of 2.54 GPa, a high toughness of 177.2 MJ m^–3, and good stability during thermal shock cycles at temperatures of − 196 to 200 °C.

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The cold energy of the Universe can be harnessed through radiative cooling (RC) to achieve thermal comfort and energy conservation, representing a promising green thermal management strategy. However, most studies have focused on maximizing cooling power. The limitations of dynamic environmental changes in the RC performance have been overlooked. In this study, a Janus-structured polyimide composite nanofiber membrane was developed using electrospinning for efficient thermal management in various environments. The concept of mismatched charge transfer complexes was utilized to prepare fluorinated polyimides, which exhibit excellent RC performance and effectively address the issue of high solar absorption (average solar reflectance ((overline{R}_{{{text{solar}}}})) = 96.2%; average mid-infrared emissivity ((overline{varepsilon }_{{{text{MIR}}}})) = 89.7%). Moreover, lauric acid@fluorinated polyimide composite nanofibers with a core–shell structure were continuously deposited onto hollow polyimide nanofibers to construct a Janus-structured membrane that integrates RC, thermal shock resistance (melting enthalpy (ΔH_m) = 107.6 J g⁻¹ and crystallization enthalpy (ΔH_c) = 111.9 J g⁻¹), and thermal insulation. This structure exhibits excellent RC power (105.9 W m⁻²), temperature regulation ability (cooling of approximately 12.8 °C in summer and maintaining temperature for 2400 s without sunlight), and thermal insulation performance under complex weather changes. The thermal management mechanism and energy-saving principle of this structure in different environments were systematically summarized. Considering these advantages, this study provides design inspiration and theoretical support for the development of multifunctional integrated RC materials.

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The development of efficient fog-harvesting materials is of great significance for addressing freshwater scarcity. However, conventional materials with hydrophilic/hydrophobic regions frequently struggle with coordinating water droplet capture and transport, resulting in lower water collection efficiency. Herein, an integrated strategy based on the engineering of cellulose molecular modification for achieving high-performance fog harvesting is presented. The well-designed cellulose heterogeneous wettability surface (CWF-Cu), through the coordination of copper ions with nanofibrils and masking-assisted spray technique, significantly facilitates water capture and transport for fog harvesting. The copper ions are introduced into the cotton fabric, endowing it with high hydrophobicity (with a contact angle of approximately 130°) and polarity, which regulates wettability and increases potential nucleation sites. The as-prepared CWF-Cu fabric realizes a superior water collection rate (WCR) of 2672 mg·cm⁻²·h⁻¹, increasing by 70% compared with those of the conventional hydrophobic materials. Moreover, the CWF-Cu fabric demonstrates stable performance to withstand the impact of water and pollutant flushing, and enhanced mechanical strength and ultraviolet (UV) durability, which ensures the long-term usability of the material. This work provides an efficient route to achieving efficient fog harvesting that addresses water scarcity from the environment.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent chronic condition that affects approximately 33% of the population and significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer (5-year survival rate < 10%). Current pharmacological treatments cannot cure GERD, and surgical treatment often interferes with normal gastroesophageal physiology. Here, we developed a non-invasive transoral deliverable bioelectronic stent that enables real-time, closed-loop management of GERD without disrupting normal esophageal function. The stent is fabricated by an industrial weaving machine with functionalized fibers, followed by electroplating and chemical etching. It integrates vertically aligned multiple-channel pH/impedance fiber sensors for reflux detection and an electrical stimulator with pressure feedback. Owing to its shape-memory properties and low modulus, which is comparable to that of the woven structure of the esophagus, the stent is synchronized with esophageal motility without affecting physiological function. These sensing and electrical stimulation modules operate in a closed-loop fashion, where reflux-specific pH and impedance signals trigger LES stimulation, and the resulting contraction efficacy is immediately confirmed by a pressure sensor. In GERD animal models, the stent achieved 99.7% accuracy in reflux episode detection and successfully induced sphincter contraction in more than 95% of events, with negligible esophageal inflammation. This non-invasive, physiologically compatible, and closed-loop bioelectronic stent offers a novel solution for GERD management with real-time intervention for preventing disease progression and improving long-term outcomes.

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Emerging bio-based plastics offer a promising next-generation solution to address two persistent challenges in the plastics industry: environmental pollution and the hazards posed by microplastics (MPs). Here, we propose a microplastics-free transparent bio-based plastic (MCBP) substitute derived from pre-processed natural skin by an integrative water-mediated hydrogen-bond domestication and optical skin-transparency strategy. The MCBP retains the intact fibrous 3D-network and multi-hierarchical structure of natural skin, predominantly composed of collagen fibers, resulting in exceptional physicochemical properties, including biodegradability, viscoelasticity, toughness, softness, and mechanical strength. By simultaneously regulating glycerol (Gly) and water content to modulate hydrogen bonds and removing non-collagenous components from the skin, the arrangement of collagen fibers shows more control-oriented with the reduced hydrogen bonding among the binary solvent and collagen fibers, thus minimizing light scattering and further achieving plastic-like optical transparency of natural skin. The strategy imparts water-responsive shape-memory to MCBP, enabling it to be processed into diverse two-dimensional or three-dimensional shapes, significantly extending its practical service life and recyclability. Notably, MCBP achieves MPs-free production while also enabling the adsorption and removal of MPs throughout its life cycle. Furthermore, MCBP has been shown to substantially enhance food shelf-life when used for active food packaging, underscoring its potential for diverse practical applications.

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Carbon-supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) with metal-N moieties have garnered significant attention for their ability to enhance redox kinetics and suppress the dissolution of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, fully harnessing the catalytic potential of these SACs requires simultaneous optimization of the carbon substrate structure and modulation of the SACs coordination environment—a challenging feat. We propose a metal–organic framework-engaged dual-level engineering strategy to fabricate a hierarchical porous carbon nanofiber with low-coordinated SACs (CoSA/p-CNF). This strategy integrates both macro- and micro-level designs, resulting in a hierarchical pore structure that enhances ionic conductivity and electrolyte wettability, while providing highly active, low-coordinated Co–N₃ moieties for efficient LiPS adsorption and conversion. Consequently, the CoSA/p-CNF demonstrates a high capacity of 917.7 mA⋅h⋅g⁻¹ with excellent retention (95.3% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C) and outstanding rate performance (745 mA⋅h⋅g⁻¹ at 4.0 C). Under demanding conditions, the Li–S cell with CoSA/p-CNF exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance (858 mA⋅h⋅g⁻¹ at 0.5 C with a sulfur loading of 3.8 mg⋅cm⁻²). X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations confirm that the low-coordinated Co–N₃ moieties effectively adsorb and convert LiPSs, offering a practical solution to enhance sulfur redox kinetics in Li–S batteries.

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Face masks are no longer just passive barriers against pathogens. By integrating flexible electronics, biosensors, and fluidic systems, they are becoming intelligent wearable platforms capable of continuous health monitoring. In a recent study published in Science, Gao et al. introduced “EBCare”, a wearable smart mask that achieves real-time in situ analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC). This work presents a comprehensive solution for on-body collection, transport, and detection of multiple breath-derived biomarkers using passive cooling, capillary-driven microfluidics, and multiplexed biosensing, establishing a versatile platform for respiratory diagnostics and personalized medicine.