Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Inspired by the overlapping structure of snake scales, a reinforced scale-like knitted fabric (R-SLKF) was created in this work. To achieve this, short carbon fibers in an epoxy resin (ER) matrix were incorporated into the scales of an SLKF. The resulting textile is a highly stable protective composite that is flexible, warm, and thermally insulated. In addition, superior stab-resistance is ensured through rigid protective blocks in the R-SLKF, making up a hard overlapping scale region, besides satisfactory flexibility via soft twisted ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene yarn-based textiles. The R-SLKF achieves high stab resistance (peak load of approximately 600 N for a single scale thickness of 2 mm), good flexibility (~ 290 mN cm), and breathability (100 MPa, 423 mm/s), coupled with good warmth retention and thermal insulation properties (0.28 ℃/s), which are superior to previously reported protective composite textiles. From the results, the combination of desirable individual protection, excellent wearability and comfort enables human beings to survive in extremely dangerous environments. Finite element simulations provided valuable insights into the factors influencing the stab resistance of R-SLKF and elucidated the underlying anti-puncture mechanism in accordance with the experimental findings. This study presents a novel strategy for the facile industrial fabrication of flexible and lightweight protective composite textiles, which is expected to enhance the structure and material design for future innovations and provide advantages for personal protective equipment in various industrial fields.

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The systematic integration of color-changing and shape-morphing abilities into entirely soft devices is a compelling strategy for creating adaptive camouflage, electronic skin, and wearable healthcare devices. In this study, we developed soft actuators capable of color change and programmable shape morphing using elastic fibers with a liquid metal core. Once the hollow elastic fiber with the thermochromic pigment was fabricated, liquid metal (gallium) was injected into the core of the fiber. Gallium has a relatively low melting point (29.8 °C); thus, fluidity and metallic conductivity are preserved while strained. The fiber can change color by Joule heating upon applying a current through the liquid metal core and can also be actuated by the Lorentz force caused by the interaction between the external magnetic field and the magnetic field generated around the liquid metal core when a current is applied. Based on this underlying principle, we demonstrated unique geometrical actuations, including flower-like blooming, winging butterflies, and the locomotion of coil-shaped fibers. The color-changing and shape-morphing elastic fiber actuators presented in this study can be utilized in artificial skin, soft robotics, and actuators.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) has a mortality rate of more than 40%. Currently, orthotopic liver transplantation is the sole clinical treatment for ALF, but its wide usage is severely limited due to donor shortage and immunological rejection. An emerging and promising technology for ALF treatment is liver tissue engineering (LTE), wherein porous scaffolds serve as a crucial component. Nanofiber scaffolds, which mimic the inherent structures of fibrous extracellular matrix well, provide an ideal environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Recently, several functional nanofiber scaffolds for LTE have been developed, which show impressive results in regulating cell function and repairing liver injury when combined with appropriate seeding cells and/or growth factors. This review firstly introduces the etiologies and treatment indicators of ALF. Subsequently, typical fabrication technologies of nanofiber scaffolds and their related applications for function regulation of liver-related cells and treatment of ALF are comprehensively summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on the strategies involving an appropriate combination of suitable seeding cells and growth factors. Finally, the current challenges and the future research and development prospects of nanofiber scaffold-based LTE are discussed. This review will serve as a valuable reference for designing and modifying novel nanofiber scaffolds, further promoting their potential application in LTE and other biomedical fields.

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The low ionic conductivities, poor high-voltage stabilities, and lithium dendrite formation of polymer solid electrolytes preclude their use in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). This work provides a simple and scalable technique for constructing fast ion conductor nanofibers (FICNFs) and poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide (PMIA) nanofibers synergistically enhanced polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) for ASSLMBs. The FICNFs, which were mainly composed of high loadings of ZrO₂ or Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ nanoparticles, had a percolated ceramic phase inside the nanofibers, while the exposed nanoparticles formed continuous organic–inorganic interfaces with the PEO matrix to enable Li⁺ transport. The interfacial transport rate between ZrO₂ and PEO was calculated as 4.78 × 10^–5 cm² s⁻¹ with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Besides, the PMIA nanofibers provided strong skeletal support for the CSEs, ensuring excellent mechanical strength and safety for thin CSEs even at high temperatures. More importantly, the amide groups in PMIA provided abundant hydrogen bonds with TFSI⁻, which lowered the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of lithium salts, thus promoting the generation of lithium fluoride-rich solid electrolyte interphase. Consequently, the modified CSEs exhibited satisfactory ionic conductivities (5.38 × 10^–4 S cm⁻¹ at 50 °C) and notable Li dendrite suppression (> 1500 h at 0.3 mAh cm⁻²). The assembled LiFePO₄||Li full cells display ultra-long cycles (> 2000 cycles) at 50 °C and 40 °C. More strikingly, the LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ (NMC811)||Li cell also can stably run for 500 cycles, and the LiFePO₄||Li flexible pouch cells also cycled normally, demonstrating tremendous potential for practical application.

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Fully inorganic metal halide perovskites (MHPs) demonstrate enhanced stability over their organic–inorganic counterparts, however, their integrations into flexible or textile-based substrates remain a significant challenge, due to their inherent rigidity and the necessity of high-temperature annealing. Herein, we propose a one-step and near-room-temperature electrospinning process to fabricate flexible CsPbI₂Br nanofibers that can be directly deposited on the yarns. With the in-situ CsPbI₂Br crystallization during electrospinning, annealing-free and photoelectroactive γ-CsPbI₂Br can be achieved. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) serves as the carrier polymer to offer the flexibility and facilitate the chemical interaction with CsPbI₂Br, thereby mitigating moisture and oxygen-induced degradations. CsPbI₂Br-PVAc nanofibers obtained under the optimal electrospinning condition: high-electrospinning voltage (25 kV) and low-solution supply rate (0.02 mm/min), show more uniform morphology, increased stability, and extended photoluminescence decay time. These nanofibers enable the construction of photo-sensing yarn devices, capable of generating a photovoltage of around 180 mV and current density of 17 mA/cm² upon illumination by a 532 nm pulsed laser, while maintaining a remarkable ambient stability of 16 days. Given their laser-energy-dependent voltage output, these yarns hold significant potential for developing high-intensity light-detecting textiles for various applications.

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High-performance multifunctional filtration membranes are highly required in treating practically complex oily wastewater systems, but still a challenge unsolved. Herein, we propose a facile route to address these challenges simultaneously by simply constructing electrospun pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membrane (p-PAN NM). Given the pre-oxidation process, the p-PAN NM displays not only robust anti-corrosive tolerance against diverse corrosive media, but also superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity. Additionally, ~ 99% separation efficiency, ~ 100% oil-fouling recovery, and ultra-long service life (up to 265 h) have been realized in separating large-scale surfactant stabilized soybean/crude oil-in-water emulsions. Furthermore, strong anti-corrosive performance against various corrosive media (e.g., 1 M HCl, 1 M NaOH, or 10 wt% NaCl) has been achieved as well. Spin-unrestricted density functional theory (DFT) computations implemented in the Dmol3 modulus has been conducted to understand the robust fouling recovery and the variation of surficial wettability after pre-oxidation. These outstanding filtration functions make our NM hold great potential in separating viscous oil/water emulsions under harsh conditions.

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One-dimensional (1D) mesoporous nanofibers (NFs) have recently attracted tremendous interest in different fields, in virtue of their mesoporous structure and 1D geometry. However, conventional electrospinning, as a versatile approach for producing 1D nanostructures, can only fabricate solid NFs without pores or with a microporous structure. In this review, we focus on the extensions of the electrospinning technique to create 1D mesoporous fibrous structures, which can be categorized into: (i) foaming-assisted, (ii) phase separation-induced, (iii) soft-templated, and (iv) monomicelle-directed approaches. Special focus is on the synthesis strategies of 1D mesoporous NFs, and their underlying mechanisms, with looking into the control over pore sizes, pore structures, and functionalities. Moreover, the structure-related performances of mesoporous NFs in photocatalysis, sensing, and energy-related fields are discussed. Finally, the potential challenges for the future development of 1D mesoporous fibers are examined from the viewpoint of their synthetic strategies and applications.

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Four extended electrospinning techniques to construct mesoporous nanofibers were summarized and the structure related performances in photocatalysis, sensors, and energy related fields were highlighted.

Smart wearables equipped with integrated flexible actuators possess the ability to autonomously respond and adapt to changes in the environment. Fibrous textiles have been recognised as promising platforms for integrating flexible actuators and wearables owing to their superior body compliance, lightweight nature, and programmable architectures. Various studies related to textile actuators in smart wearables have been recently reported. However, the review focusing on the advanced design of these textile actuator technologies for smart wearables is lacking. Herein, a timely and thorough review of the progress achieved in this field over the past five years is presented. This review focuses on the advanced design concepts for textile actuators in smart wearables, covering functional materials, innovative architecture configurations, external stimuli, and their applications in smart wearables. The primary aspects focus on actuating materials, formation techniques of textile architecture, actuating behaviour and performance metrics of textile actuators, various applications in smart wearables, and the design challenges for next-generation smart wearables. Ultimately, conclusive perspectives are highlighted.

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Real-time monitoring of pressure and temperature in wheelchair patients is an effective method for preventing and rehabilitating pressure injuries. Nevertheless, few rehabilitation devices capable of monitoring temperature and pressure have been reported. Herein, we propose a fully textile-based scalable and designable dual-mode rehabilitation cushion for real-time monitoring of pressure and temperature. The different signal output modes (resistive and capacitive signals) enable noninterference between pressure and temperature. The cushion exhibits a wide pressure monitoring range of 2–160 kPa, a high sensitivity of 8.8399 kPa⁻¹, and a repeatable stability exceeding 10,000 cycles. In addition, the cushion demonstrates excellent temperature responsiveness with a linearity of 0.995 and a TCR of 0.019 s°C⁻¹. Furthermore, an intelligent monitoring system integrated with machine learning has been developed to realize large-range multipoint sensing and data visualization. The system can accurately recognize different sitting postures with an accuracy of 99.65%. Human application evaluations have demonstrated the feasibility of this cushion for preventing pressure injuries, which can stimulate further research on pressure injury prevention and rehabilitation in the future.

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High-performance and reliable wearable devices for healthcare are in high demand for the health monitoring of infants, ensuring that life-threatening events can be addressed promptly. Herein, the continuous monitoring of infant respiration for preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is proposed using high-performance flexible piezoresistive sensors (FPS). The thorny challenges associated with FPS, including the signal drift and poor repeatability, are progressively improved via the employment of high-Tg matrix, the strengthening of in situ graft-on conducting polyaniline layer by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and the nanostructure interlocking between the piezoresistive layer and electrodes. The sensor presents high linear sensitivity (30.7 kPa⁻¹), outstanding recoverability (low hysteresis up to 1.98% FS), static stability (4.00% signal drift after 24 h at 2.4 kPa) and dynamic stability (1.92% decay of signal intensity after 50,000 cycles). A wireless infant respiration monitoring system is developed. Respiration patterns and the real-time respiration rate are displayed on the phone. Notifications are implemented when abnormal status such as bradypnea and tachypnea is detected.

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