Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Space exploration provides unparalleled opportunities for unraveling the mysteries of our origins and exploring planetary systems beyond Earth. Long-distance space missions require successful protection against significant radiation exposure, necessitating the development of effective radiation shielding materials. This study developed aromatic amide polymer (AAP) and boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) composite fibers using lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) and industrially viable wet-spinning processes. The uniaxially oriented 1D composite fibers provide the necessary continuity and pliability to fabricate 2D macroscopic textiles with low density (1.80 g cm⁻³), mechanical modulus (18.16 GPa), and heat stability (up to 479 °C), while exhibiting the improved thermal neutron absorption cross-section with thermal neutron-shielding performance (0.73 mm⁻¹). These composite textiles also show high thermal conductivity (7.88 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) due to their densely packed and uniaxially oriented structures. These enhanced characteristics render the fibers a highly promising material for space applications, offering robust protection for both astronauts and electronics against the dual threats of radiation and heat.

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An advanced approach for functionalizing the surfaces of electrospun poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanofibers for biomedical applications is presented here. Using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), a coating of the copolymer p(PFMA-co-DVB) containing poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) (PFMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) was applied to the PLCL nanofibers. This coating facilitated efficient immobilization of the biomolecules on the PLCL nanofiber surfaces, allowing precise adjustments to the polymer composition through modulation of the monomer flow rates. The resulting copolymer exhibited superior efficiency for immobilizing IgG, as confirmed by immunofluorescence intensity analysis. In vitro studies conducted with different neural cell types demonstrated that the laminin-coated iCVD-functionalized PLCL nanofibers maintained their inherent biocompatibility while significantly enhancing cell adhesion. By exploiting the elastic nature of the PLCL nanofibers, cell elongation could be successfully manipulated by controlling the nanofiber alignment, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and quantification of the immunofluorescence image orientation. These findings highlight the potential of iCVD-modified PLCL nanofibers as versatile platforms for neural tissue engineering and various biomedical applications, allowing valuable biomaterial surface modifications for enhanced cellular interactions.

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Wearable electronics based on natural biomaterials, such as bacterial cellulose (BC), have shown promise for a variety of healthcare and human-computer interaction applications. However, current BC-based pressure sensors have an inherent limitation, which is the two-dimensional rigid structures and limited compressibility of BC restrict the sensitivity and working range for pressure sensing. Here, we propose a strategy for fabricating BC/polypyrrole/spacer fabric (BPSF) pressure sensors with a hierarchical structure constructed by integrating conductive BC nanonetwork into a compressible fabric frame via the in situ biofermentation process. The hierarchical structure design includes a cross-scale network from the nanoscale BC sensor networks to the macroscopic three-dimensional compressible fabric sensor network, which significantly improves the working range (0–300 kPa) and sensitivity (40.62 kPa⁻¹) of BPSF. Via this unique structural design, the sensor also achieves a high fatigue life (~5000 cycles), wearability, and reproducibility even after several washing and abrasion cycles. Furthermore, a flexible and wearable electronic textile featuring an n × n sensing matrix was developed by constructing BPSF arrays, allowing for the precise control of machines and weight distribution analysis. These empirical insights are valuable for the biofabrication and textile structure design of wearable devices toward the realization of highly intuitive human-machine interfaces.

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Smart data gloves capable of monitoring finger activities and inferring hand gestures are of significance to human–machine interfaces, robotics, healthcare, and Metaverse. Yet, most current smart data gloves present unstable mechanical contacts, limited sensitivity, as well as offline training and updating of machine learning models, leading to uncomfortable wear and suboptimal performance during practical applications. Herein, highly sensitive and mechanically stable textile sensors are developed through the construction of loose MXene-modified textile interface structures and a thermal transfer printing method with the melting-infiltration-solidification adhesion procedure. Then, a smart data glove with adaptive gesture recognition is reported, based on the integration of 10-channel MXene textile bending sensors and a near-sensor adaptive machine learning model. The near-sensor adaptive machine learning model achieves a 99.5% accuracy using the proposed post-processing algorithm for 14 gestures. Also, the model features the ability to locally update model parameters when gesture types change, without additional computation on any external device. A high accuracy of 98.1% is still preserved when further expanding the dataset to 20 gestures, where the accuracy is recovered by 27.6% after implementing the model updates locally. Lastly, an auto-recognition and control system for wireless robotic sorting operations with locally trained hand gestures is demonstrated, showing the great potential of the smart data glove in robotics and human–machine interactions.

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Medical hemostatic gauze is one of the most common agents for bleeding management used in pre-hospital care and clinical treatment. An ideal hemostat requires the features including fast coagulation ability, high biocompatibility and low cost, which is difficult to be achieved simultaneously. Herein, we reported a chemical immobilization method to uniformly anchor the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanoparticles on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane, which dramatically accelerated the in vivo conversion process of prothrombin to thrombin, achieving a short hemostasis time around 60 s with a low amount of blood loss of 23 mg. Later, the hemostatic mechanism was unveiled by two pathways involving the activation of platelets and the conversion of prothrombin, indicating that this ZIF-8-based membrane works in a similar way to natural platelet-based physiological processes. More importantly, the convenient manufacturing and excellent biocompatibility of ZIF-8-based membrane provide a practical candidate hemostat for clinical bleeding management.

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The chemical immobilization of ZIF-8 enables a tight combination between ZIF-8 particles and PVA fibers, which provides uniform distribution and dramatically enhances the stability in aqueous environment. This hemestasis gauze has been proven to play a role as an artificial platelet to promote the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin with 2-fold higher effiency than that of the common physiological process accompanied by a 10-fold activation rate for the activation of natural platelets

A separation membrane with low or clean energy costs is urgently required for energy-saving and long-term service since electric energy generated from burning non-renewable resources will gradually cause a burden to the environment. At present, the conventional membrane being used in one mode is critical for a variety of scenarios in real life, which suffers from a trade-off effect, short service life, being difficult to recycle after damage. Herein, we report a trimode purification membrane composed of an eco-friendly polycaprolactone (PCL) substrate and functional graphene dioxide/polyaniline (GO/PANI) particles. Due to the photothermal transfer and photocatalytic properties of GO/PANI blend, the composite membrane can absorb 97.44% solar energy to handle natural seawater or mixed wastewater, which achieves a high evaporation rate of 1.47 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ in solar-driven evaporation mode. For the photocatalytic adsorption–degradation mode, 93.22% of organic dyes can be adsorbed and degraded after 12 h irradiation under 1 kW m⁻². Moreover, electric-driven cross-flow filtration mode as a supplement also shows effective rejection over 99% for organic dyes with a high flux over 40 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹. The combination of solar-driven evaporation, photocatalytic adsorption–degradation, and electric-driven cross-flow filtration demonstrates a prospective and sustainable strategy to generating clean water from sewages.

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A trimode self-cleaning composite membrane of bio-degradable substrate PCL and functional particles GO/PANI were successfully fabricated, which can purify natural seawater or mixed wastewater stably in solar-driven evaporation mode, handle organic dyes by reduction–oxidation chemical transformation in photothermal adsorption–degradation mode, and be applied in cross-flow filtration mode driven by electric as a supplement for rainy, cloudy days, or at night.

Air pollutants, which are composed of diverse components such as particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and pathogenic microorganisms, have adverse effects on both the ecosystem and human health. While existing air purification technologies can effectively eliminate these pollutants through multiple processes targeting specific components, they often entail high energy consumption, maintenance costs, and complexity. Recent developments in air purification technology based on multifunctional nanofibrous membranes present a promising single-step solution for the effective removal of diverse air pollutants. Through synergistic integration with functional materials, other functional materials, such as those with catalytic, adsorption, and antimicrobial properties, can be incorporated into nanofibrous membranes. In this review, the design concepts and fabrication strategies of multifunctional nanofibrous membranes to facilitate the integrated removal of multiple air pollutants are explored. Additionally, nanofibrous membrane preparation methods, PM removal mechanisms, and performance metrics are introduced. Next, methods for removing various air pollutants are outlined, and different air purification materials are reviewed. Finally, the design approaches and the state-of-the-art of multifunctional nanofibrous membranes for integrated air purification are highlighted.

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We developed kinetic energy-harvestable and kinetic movement-detectable piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) consisting of piezoelectric nanofiber (NF) mats and metal-electroplated microfiber (MF) electrodes using electrospinning and electroplating methods. Percolative non-woven structure and high flexibility of the NF mats and MF electrodes allowed us to achieve highly transparent and flexible piezocomposites. A viscoelastic solution, mixed with P(VDF-TrFE) and BaTiO₃, was electrospun into piezoelectric NFs with a piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of 21.2 pC/N. In addition, the combination of electrospinning and electroplating techniques enabled the fabrication of Ni-plated MF-based transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), contributing to the high transparency of the resulting piezocomposite. The energy-harvesting efficiencies of the BaTiO₃-embedded NF-based PENGs with transmittances of 86% and 80% were 200 and 240 V/MPa, respectively, marking the highest values in their class. Moreover, the output voltage driven by the coupling effect of piezoelectricity and triboelectricity during finger tapping was 25.7 V. These highly efficient energy-harvesting performances, along with the transparent and flexible features of the PENGs, hold great promise for body-attachable energy-harvesting and sensing devices, as demonstrated in this study.

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The fiberization and integration of electronic devices into textiles represent an important strategy to design wearable and comfortable intelligent systems. However, the function realization of existing intelligent textiles often depends on complex and rigid silicon-based computation components, which have posed significant challenges in terms of integration, energy consumption and user comfort. This has spurred the need for a paradigm shift towards more seamless and efficient solutions. The advent of chipless interactive textile electronics presents a promising pathway for overcoming these challenges and unlocking new possibilities in wearable technology.