Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

The low ionic conductivities, poor high-voltage stabilities, and lithium dendrite formation of polymer solid electrolytes preclude their use in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). This work provides a simple and scalable technique for constructing fast ion conductor nanofibers (FICNFs) and poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide (PMIA) nanofibers synergistically enhanced polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) for ASSLMBs. The FICNFs, which were mainly composed of high loadings of ZrO₂ or Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ nanoparticles, had a percolated ceramic phase inside the nanofibers, while the exposed nanoparticles formed continuous organic–inorganic interfaces with the PEO matrix to enable Li⁺ transport. The interfacial transport rate between ZrO₂ and PEO was calculated as 4.78 × 10^–5 cm² s⁻¹ with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Besides, the PMIA nanofibers provided strong skeletal support for the CSEs, ensuring excellent mechanical strength and safety for thin CSEs even at high temperatures. More importantly, the amide groups in PMIA provided abundant hydrogen bonds with TFSI⁻, which lowered the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of lithium salts, thus promoting the generation of lithium fluoride-rich solid electrolyte interphase. Consequently, the modified CSEs exhibited satisfactory ionic conductivities (5.38 × 10^–4 S cm⁻¹ at 50 °C) and notable Li dendrite suppression (> 1500 h at 0.3 mAh cm⁻²). The assembled LiFePO₄||Li full cells display ultra-long cycles (> 2000 cycles) at 50 °C and 40 °C. More strikingly, the LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ (NMC811)||Li cell also can stably run for 500 cycles, and the LiFePO₄||Li flexible pouch cells also cycled normally, demonstrating tremendous potential for practical application.

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Fully inorganic metal halide perovskites (MHPs) demonstrate enhanced stability over their organic–inorganic counterparts, however, their integrations into flexible or textile-based substrates remain a significant challenge, due to their inherent rigidity and the necessity of high-temperature annealing. Herein, we propose a one-step and near-room-temperature electrospinning process to fabricate flexible CsPbI₂Br nanofibers that can be directly deposited on the yarns. With the in-situ CsPbI₂Br crystallization during electrospinning, annealing-free and photoelectroactive γ-CsPbI₂Br can be achieved. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) serves as the carrier polymer to offer the flexibility and facilitate the chemical interaction with CsPbI₂Br, thereby mitigating moisture and oxygen-induced degradations. CsPbI₂Br-PVAc nanofibers obtained under the optimal electrospinning condition: high-electrospinning voltage (25 kV) and low-solution supply rate (0.02 mm/min), show more uniform morphology, increased stability, and extended photoluminescence decay time. These nanofibers enable the construction of photo-sensing yarn devices, capable of generating a photovoltage of around 180 mV and current density of 17 mA/cm² upon illumination by a 532 nm pulsed laser, while maintaining a remarkable ambient stability of 16 days. Given their laser-energy-dependent voltage output, these yarns hold significant potential for developing high-intensity light-detecting textiles for various applications.

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High-performance multifunctional filtration membranes are highly required in treating practically complex oily wastewater systems, but still a challenge unsolved. Herein, we propose a facile route to address these challenges simultaneously by simply constructing electrospun pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membrane (p-PAN NM). Given the pre-oxidation process, the p-PAN NM displays not only robust anti-corrosive tolerance against diverse corrosive media, but also superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity. Additionally, ~ 99% separation efficiency, ~ 100% oil-fouling recovery, and ultra-long service life (up to 265 h) have been realized in separating large-scale surfactant stabilized soybean/crude oil-in-water emulsions. Furthermore, strong anti-corrosive performance against various corrosive media (e.g., 1 M HCl, 1 M NaOH, or 10 wt% NaCl) has been achieved as well. Spin-unrestricted density functional theory (DFT) computations implemented in the Dmol3 modulus has been conducted to understand the robust fouling recovery and the variation of surficial wettability after pre-oxidation. These outstanding filtration functions make our NM hold great potential in separating viscous oil/water emulsions under harsh conditions.

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One-dimensional (1D) mesoporous nanofibers (NFs) have recently attracted tremendous interest in different fields, in virtue of their mesoporous structure and 1D geometry. However, conventional electrospinning, as a versatile approach for producing 1D nanostructures, can only fabricate solid NFs without pores or with a microporous structure. In this review, we focus on the extensions of the electrospinning technique to create 1D mesoporous fibrous structures, which can be categorized into: (i) foaming-assisted, (ii) phase separation-induced, (iii) soft-templated, and (iv) monomicelle-directed approaches. Special focus is on the synthesis strategies of 1D mesoporous NFs, and their underlying mechanisms, with looking into the control over pore sizes, pore structures, and functionalities. Moreover, the structure-related performances of mesoporous NFs in photocatalysis, sensing, and energy-related fields are discussed. Finally, the potential challenges for the future development of 1D mesoporous fibers are examined from the viewpoint of their synthetic strategies and applications.

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Four extended electrospinning techniques to construct mesoporous nanofibers were summarized and the structure related performances in photocatalysis, sensors, and energy related fields were highlighted.

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Smart wearables equipped with integrated flexible actuators possess the ability to autonomously respond and adapt to changes in the environment. Fibrous textiles have been recognised as promising platforms for integrating flexible actuators and wearables owing to their superior body compliance, lightweight nature, and programmable architectures. Various studies related to textile actuators in smart wearables have been recently reported. However, the review focusing on the advanced design of these textile actuator technologies for smart wearables is lacking. Herein, a timely and thorough review of the progress achieved in this field over the past five years is presented. This review focuses on the advanced design concepts for textile actuators in smart wearables, covering functional materials, innovative architecture configurations, external stimuli, and their applications in smart wearables. The primary aspects focus on actuating materials, formation techniques of textile architecture, actuating behaviour and performance metrics of textile actuators, various applications in smart wearables, and the design challenges for next-generation smart wearables. Ultimately, conclusive perspectives are highlighted.

Real-time monitoring of pressure and temperature in wheelchair patients is an effective method for preventing and rehabilitating pressure injuries. Nevertheless, few rehabilitation devices capable of monitoring temperature and pressure have been reported. Herein, we propose a fully textile-based scalable and designable dual-mode rehabilitation cushion for real-time monitoring of pressure and temperature. The different signal output modes (resistive and capacitive signals) enable noninterference between pressure and temperature. The cushion exhibits a wide pressure monitoring range of 2–160 kPa, a high sensitivity of 8.8399 kPa⁻¹, and a repeatable stability exceeding 10,000 cycles. In addition, the cushion demonstrates excellent temperature responsiveness with a linearity of 0.995 and a TCR of 0.019 s°C⁻¹. Furthermore, an intelligent monitoring system integrated with machine learning has been developed to realize large-range multipoint sensing and data visualization. The system can accurately recognize different sitting postures with an accuracy of 99.65%. Human application evaluations have demonstrated the feasibility of this cushion for preventing pressure injuries, which can stimulate further research on pressure injury prevention and rehabilitation in the future.

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High-performance and reliable wearable devices for healthcare are in high demand for the health monitoring of infants, ensuring that life-threatening events can be addressed promptly. Herein, the continuous monitoring of infant respiration for preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is proposed using high-performance flexible piezoresistive sensors (FPS). The thorny challenges associated with FPS, including the signal drift and poor repeatability, are progressively improved via the employment of high-Tg matrix, the strengthening of in situ graft-on conducting polyaniline layer by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and the nanostructure interlocking between the piezoresistive layer and electrodes. The sensor presents high linear sensitivity (30.7 kPa⁻¹), outstanding recoverability (low hysteresis up to 1.98% FS), static stability (4.00% signal drift after 24 h at 2.4 kPa) and dynamic stability (1.92% decay of signal intensity after 50,000 cycles). A wireless infant respiration monitoring system is developed. Respiration patterns and the real-time respiration rate are displayed on the phone. Notifications are implemented when abnormal status such as bradypnea and tachypnea is detected.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries can potentially outperform state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, but their further development is hindered by challenges, such as poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfide, shuttle phenomena of lithium polysulfides, and uneven distribution of solid reaction products. Herein, free-standing carbon nanofibers embedded with oxygen-deficient titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO_2-x/CNFs) has been fabricated by a facile electrospinning method, which can support active electrode materials without the need for conductive carbon and binders. By carefully controlling the calcination temperature, a mixed phase of rutile and anatase was achieved in the TiO_2-x nanoparticles. The hybridization of anatase/rutile TiO_2-x and the oxygen vacancy in TiO_2-x play a crucial role in enhancing the conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), mitigating the shuttle effect of LiPSs, and enhancing the overall efficiency of the Li–S battery system. Additionally, the free-standing TiO_2-x/CNFs facilitate uniform deposition of reaction products during cycling, as confirmed by synchrotron X-ray imaging. As a result of these advantageous features, the TiO_2-x/CNFs-based cathode demonstrates an initial specific discharge capacity of 787.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 C in the Li–S coin cells, and a final specific discharge capacity of 584.0 mAh g⁻¹ after 300 cycles. Furthermore, soft-packaged Li–S pouch cells were constructed using the TiO_2-x/CNFs-based cathode, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties at different bending states. This study presents an innovative approach to developing free-standing sulfur host materials that are well suited for flexible Li–S batteries as well as for various other energy applications.

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The demand for wearable electronics is still growing, and the rapid development of new electrochemical materials and manufacturing processes allows for innovative approaches to power these devices. Here, three-dimensional (3D) self-supported reduced graphene oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (rGO/PEDOT) hybrid fiber fabrics are systematically designed and constructed via phase inversion-based microfluidic-fiber-spinning assembly (MFSA) method, followed by concentrated sulfuric acid treatment and chemical reduction. The rGO/PEDOT fiber fabrics demonstrate favorable flexibility, interconnected hierarchical network, large specific surface area, high charge storage capacity, and high electrical conductivity. In addition, the all-solid-state supercapacitor made of these rGO/PEDOT fiber fabrics proves large specific capacitance (1028.2 mF cm⁻²), ultrahigh energy density (22.7 μWh cm⁻²), long-term cycling stability, and excellent flexibility (capacitance retention remains at 84%, after 5000 cycles of continuous deformation at 180^o bending angles). Further considering those remarkable electrochemical properties, a wearable self-powered device with a sandwich-shaped supercapacitor (SC) is designed to impressively light up LEDs and power mini game console, suggesting its practical applications in flexible and portable smart electronics.