Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Incorporating enzyme-resistant peptide sequences into self-assembled nanosystems is a promising strategy to enhance the stability and versatility of peptide-based antibacterial drugs, aiming to replace ineffective antibiotics. By combining newly designed enzymatic-resistant sequences with synthetically derived compounds bearing single, double, triple, or quadruple aromatic rings. A series of nanoscale antimicrobial self-assembled short peptides for the purpose of combating bacterial infections are generated. Nap* (Nap–^DNal–Nal–Dab–Dab–NH₂, where Nap represents the 1-naphthylacetyl group) possesses the greatest clinical potential (GM_SI = 23.96) among the peptides in this series. At high concentrations in an aqueous environment, Nap* spontaneously generates nanofibers to capture bacteria and prevent their evasion, exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects and exceptional biocompatibility. In the presence of physiological salt ions and serum, the antimicrobial agent exhibits strong effectiveness and retains impressive resistance even when exposed to high levels of proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin). Nap* exhibits negligible in vivo toxicity and effectively alleviates systemic bacterial infections in mice. Mechanistically, Nap* initially captures bacteria and induces bacterial cell death primarily through membrane dissolution, achieved by multiple synergistic mechanisms. In summary, these advances have the potential to greatly expedite the clinical evolution of nanomaterials based on short peptides combined with naphthyl groups and foster the development of peptides integrated with self-assembled systems in this domain.

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Transition metal vanadates (TMVs) have attracted significant attention in various research fields owing to their advantageous features. Furthermore, synthesizing TMVs directly on current collectors at the nanoscale is a promising strategy for achieving better performance. Herein, cobalt–nickel vanadate (CoV₂O₆–Ni₂V₂O₇, CNV) was directly grown on carbon fabric using a facile one-step hydrothermal method. In particular, the CNV sample prepared for 3 h (CNV-3) exhibited a benefit-enriched nanonest-colony morphology in which abundant nanowires (diameter: 10 nm) were intertwined, providing sufficient space for electrolyte diffusion. All the CNV electrodes exhibited good cycling performance in the lithium-ion battery study. Especially, the CNV-3 electrode retained higher discharge and charge capacities of 616 and 610 mAh g⁻¹, respectively at the 100th cycle than the other two electrodes owing to several morphologic features. The electrocatalytic activity of all the CNV samples for the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) was also explored in an alkaline electrolyte. Among these CNV catalysts, the CNV-3 displayed excellent OER performance and required an overpotential of only 270 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². The Tafel slope of this catalyst was also found to be low (129 mV dec⁻¹). Moreover, the catalyst exhibited excellent durability in a 24 h stability test. These results indicate that the metal vanadates with favorable nanostructures are highly suitable for both energy storage and water-splitting applications.

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CoV₂O₆–Ni₂V₂O₇ material grown directly on carbon fabric as novel nanonest colonies demonstrated stable electrochemical response in both lithium-ion battery and oxygen-evolution reaction studies

Owing to the robust scalability, ease of control and substantial industrial applications, the utilization of electrospinning technology to produce piezoelectric nanofiber materials demonstrates a significant potential in the development of wearable products including flexible wearable sensors. However, it is unfortunate that the attainment of high-performance piezoelectric materials through this method remains a challenging task. Herein, a high-performance composite nanofiber membrane with a coherent and uniformly dispersed two-dimensional network topology composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/dopamine (DA) nanofiber membranes and ultrafine PVDF/DA nanofibers was successfully fabricated by the electrospinning technique. Based on the evidence obtained from simulations, experimental and theoretical results, it was confirmed that the unique structure of the nanofiber membrane significantly enhances the piezoelectric performance. The present PVDF/DA composite nanofibers demonstrated a remarkable piezoelectric performance such as a wide response range (1.5–40 N), high sensitivity to weak forces (0–4 N, 7.29 V N⁻¹), and outstanding operational durability. Furthermore, the potential application of the present PVDF/DA membrane as a flexible wearable sensor for monitoring human motion and subtle physiological signals has also been validated. This work not only introduces a novel strategy for the application of electrospun nanofibers in sensors but also provides new insights into high-performance piezoelectric materials.

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Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has been considered as a promising approach for treating high-salinity brine, which mitigates ecological pollution as well as produces fresh water. Despite the extensive research efforts, challenges remain regarding the stably high-yield solar treatment of high-salinity water on a large scale. Here, we demonstrate an interconnected porous fabric-based scalable evaporator with asymmetric wetting properties fabricated by weaving technique for high-efficiency and salt-rejecting solar high-salinity brine treatment. Three-dimensional interconnected micropores ensure effective convection-induced fast vapor diffusion, leading to a high evaporation rate in the natural environment with the convective flow. The Janus structure effectively separates absorption and evaporation surfaces for stable salt resistance even under fast evaporation. It is observed that the evaporator achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.48 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under 1-sun illumination and airflow of 3 m s⁻¹ when treating 15 wt% saline. Notably, the outdoor experiment demonstrates that there is neither salt precipitation on the surface nor a decrement in evaporation rate during the 5-day evaporation until water and solute have completely been separated. The interconnected porous fabric with asymmetric wetting properties can be easily and massively produced by industrialized weaving techniques, showing great potential for scalable and efficient solar water treatment of high-salinity brine and industrial wastewater.

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Self-healable electronics with self-recoverable mechanical properties show a lot of potential in improving the reliability and durability of wearable electronic devices, but it is still challenging. Herein, a self-healing core-sheath thermoelectric (TE) fiber-based temperature sensor was continuously fabricated by coaxial wet-spinning strategy, whose core layer and sheath layer are, respectively, pure Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and self-healing silk sericin (SS)/oxide sodium alginate (OSA) composite. The prepared SS/OSA@MXene core-sheath TE fiber exhibits accurate temperature-sensing at 200–400 °C based on a linear relationship between TE voltage and temperature difference. The core-sheath TE fiber that can be integrated into firefighting clothing and timely alert firefighters to evacuate from the fire before the protective clothing becomes damaged. When exposed to flames, SS/OSA@MXene can rapidly trigger a high-temperature warning voltage of 3.36 mV within 1.17 s and exhibit reversible high-temperature alarm performance. In addition, the fractured SS/OSA@MXene can restore up to 89.12% of its original strain limit at room temperature because of the robust yet reversible dynamic covalent bonds between SS and OSA. In this study, an ingenious strategy for developing a durable and wearable TE fiber-based self-powered temperature sensor was proposed. This strategy has promising application prospects in real-time temperature detection of firefighting clothing to ensure the safety of firefighters operating on a fire scene.

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Fiber batteries that can be woven into textiles are attractive as flexible power solutions to supply future wearable electronics. A rechargeable calcium–oxygen (Ca–O₂) battery which can operate at room temperature has been recently reported, revealing a new understanding on the efficient two-electron redox chemistry. The stable Ca–O₂ fiber battery was finely integrated into flexible textile batteries for next-generation wearable systems.

Textile strain sensors capable of monitoring human physiological signals and activities have great potential in health monitoring and sports. However, fabricating sensors with a wide sensing range, high sensitivity, robustness, and the capability for seamless integration into apparel remains challenging. In this work, a textile resistive strain sensor (TRSS) fabricated by selectively inlaying a conductive yarn, that is covered with water-repellent and antioxidative acrylic/copper complex fibers, into a highly elastic substrate via an industrialized knitting process is proposed. The conductive yarn is folded and compactly stacked to sense strains by changing contact resistance through contact separation of adjacent yarn sections in stretching. Owing to this folded structure, the TRSS has a wide sensing range (0–70%), high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor GF_max = 1560), low detection limit (< 0.5%), long-term fatigue resistance over 4000 cycles, and it can be seamlessly integrated into and become a part of various smart apparel products. An elbow sleeve, a knee sleeve and a sock are demonstrated to effectively monitor and distinguish various human bending motions. The fabrication strategy paves a viable way for customizing high-performance strain sensors for developing novel wearable electronics and smart clothing to detect multimode human motions.

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Multifunctional microwave-absorbing (MA) honeycombs are in urgent demand both in civil and military fields, while they often suffer from great limitations due to the complicated preparation process, inferior strength, and the susceptible peeling off of the absorbent coatings. Herein, we develop a straightforward strategy of assembly of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) and MXene nanosheets to honeycombs, obtaining a functional–structural integrated microwave absorption aramid honeycomb (MAAH). Benefiting from the robust and integrated cell nodes and dense network structure, the compressive strength and toughness of ANF honeycomb can reach up to 18.6 MPa and 2.0 MJ m⁻³, respectively, which is 6 times and 25 times higher than that of commercial honeycomb. More importantly, the synergistic effect of the unique three-dimensional (3D) conductive network formed by uniformly distributed MXene and the hierarchical structure of the honeycomb endow it with superior wave-absorbing performance, which exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −38.5 dB at a thickness of only 1.9 mm, and covering almost the entire X-band bandwidth. Additionally, MAAH presents exceptional infrared thermal stealth, sound absorption performance, and real-time monitoring of structural integrity. Therefore, these impressive multi-functionalities of MAAH with outstanding wave-absorbing performance, ultrahigh strength, along with the straightforward and easy-to-scalable and recyclable manufacturing technique, demonstrating promising perspectives of the MAAH materials in aerospace and military fields.

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Nanofiber core-spun yarn (NCSY) combines the advantages of traditional fibers and nanofibers to be widely used in smart wearable textiles, biomedical textiles, and functional textiles. Here, for the first time, the forming process of NCSY and its shape regulation mechanism were explored via finite element analysis and response surface analysis method to obtain mathematical model for predicting the various forms of yarn. As proof-of-concept applications, shape-controllable nanofiber core-spun yarns were prepared for thermal–moisture management and solar steam generation, respectively. The as-obtained shape-controllable PAN nanofiber/cotton composite yarns could achieve an interval control of average water transfer velocity in the horizontal (0.17–0.24 cm min⁻¹) and vertical (0.24–0.33 cm min⁻¹) directions within 30 min due to the arrangement of PAN nanofibers causes microchannels and hydrophilicity, matching the sweat secretion of human bodies under dynamic or static conditions and realizing the purpose of thermal and moisture comfort. Furthermore, PAN nanofiber wrapped CNTs/cotton composite yarn-based (PAN@CNTs-NCSY) evaporator was designed, which shows a fast water evaporation rate of 1.40 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, exceeding in most fabric-based evaporators reported to date. These findings have guiding significance for preparing rich style NCSY according to demand and designing functional and intelligent textiles via adjusting the type of core and shell fibers.

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Rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs) have received extensive attention, while their real applications are highly restricted by the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR/OER). Herein, we report a “bridge” structured flexible self-supporting bifunctional oxygen electrode (CNT@Co-CNF_F50-900) with strong active and stable Co-N/C@pyridine N/C@CNTs reaction centers. Benefiting from the electron distribution optimization and the advantages of hierarchical catalytic design, the CNT@Co-CNF_F50-900 electrode had superior ORR/OER activity with a small potential gap (ΔE) of 0.74 V. Reinforced by highly graphitized carbon and the “π–π” bond, the free-standing CNT@Co-CNF_F50-900 electrode exhibited outstanding catalytic stability with only 36 mV attenuation. Impressively, the CNT@Co-CNF_F50-900-based liquid ZAB showed a high power density of 371 mW cm⁻², a high energy density of 894 Wh kg⁻¹, and a long cycling life of over 130 h. The assembled quasi-solid-state ZAB also demonstrated a high power density, attaining 81 mW cm⁻², with excellent charge–discharge durability beyond 100 h and extremely high flexibility under the multi-angle application. This study provides an effective electrospinning solution for integrating high-efficiency electrocatalysts and electrodes for energy storage and conversion devices.

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