Pub Date : 2020-05-08DOI: 10.3727/154427220x15791346544752
Adla Ragab, S. D. Smith, A. Ragab, S. Meis
Domestic tourism is the mainstay of tourism demand for many destinations. However, it does not receive as much attention as international tourism does in either academic or governmental research. There is no global database on domestic tourism statistics and no global view of overall volume and value trend statistics based on integrated measurements that include both domestic and international tourism travel. To begin to address this lacuna, this article assesses the domestic tourism demand data coverage and methods in 20 selected countries. Through exploratory comparative analyses and based on the findings, the study develops a list of critical success indicators to be used as inputs to a data-driven strategy for domestic tourism. This list includes 17 indicators grouped into three categories (basic data, indices, and market intelligence data). Furthermore, the study proposes methodological aspects to be considered when measuring domestic tourism: data source, the operational definition of usual environment, sampling techniques, and data collection methods. These proposed aspects offer potential guidelines to countries that plan to conduct new domestic tourism surveys or to improve current survey methodologies.
{"title":"Domestic Tourism Statistics: A Comparative Analysis of Demand Data Coverage and Method","authors":"Adla Ragab, S. D. Smith, A. Ragab, S. Meis","doi":"10.3727/154427220x15791346544752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220x15791346544752","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic tourism is the mainstay of tourism demand for many destinations. However, it does not receive as much attention as international tourism does in either academic or governmental research. There is no global database on domestic tourism statistics and no global view of overall volume and value trend statistics based on integrated measurements that include both domestic and international tourism travel. To begin to address this lacuna, this article assesses the domestic tourism demand data coverage and methods in 20 selected countries. Through exploratory comparative analyses and based on the findings, the study develops a list of critical success indicators to be used as inputs to a data-driven strategy for domestic tourism. This list includes 17 indicators grouped into three categories (basic data, indices, and market intelligence data). Furthermore, the study proposes methodological aspects to be considered when measuring domestic tourism: data source, the operational definition of usual environment, sampling techniques, and data collection methods. These proposed aspects offer potential guidelines to countries that plan to conduct new domestic tourism surveys or to improve current survey methodologies.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"24 1","pages":"5-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43517349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-08DOI: 10.3727/154427220X15845838896305
Gyan P. Nyaupane, Cody Morris Paris, X. Li
Although there is some variation in the ratios between domestic and international tourism reported by organizations such as the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), it is generally agreed that domestic tourism represents around 80% of world tourist arrivals. In terms of tourist spending, it is estimated that domestic tourist spending contributes between 71% to 75% of total travel spending worldwide. The WTTC (2018) reported that in 2017 domestic tourism accounted for 73% of the global tourism spending of USD3.971 trillion, a clear testament to the importance of domestic tourism to the global economy. Since these numbers are based on historic data and domestic tourism is growing faster than international tourism, the actual number of domestic tourist flows and its economic impact could be much higher. There has been a large surge in domestic tourism in Asia in the last few decades, which has been attributed to a rise in the middle class, particularly in populous countries like China and India, the region being the fastest growing economy in the world, and a high cultural value of travel (Chan, 2006; Skanavis & Sakellari, 2011; UNWTO, 2012; Wu, Zhu & Xu, 2000). China is now the global leader in domestic tourism spending, surpassing the United states. Over the past decade, China’s domestic tourism spending has quadrupled to more than USD800 billion (WTTC, 2018).
{"title":"Introduction: Special Issue on Domestic Tourism in Asia","authors":"Gyan P. Nyaupane, Cody Morris Paris, X. Li","doi":"10.3727/154427220X15845838896305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220X15845838896305","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is some variation in the ratios between domestic and international tourism reported by organizations such as the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), it is generally agreed that domestic tourism represents around 80% of world tourist arrivals. In terms of tourist spending, it is estimated that domestic tourist spending contributes between 71% to 75% of total travel spending worldwide. The WTTC (2018) reported that in 2017 domestic tourism accounted for 73% of the global tourism spending of USD3.971 trillion, a clear testament to the importance of domestic tourism to the global economy. Since these numbers are based on historic data and domestic tourism is growing faster than international tourism, the actual number of domestic tourist flows and its economic impact could be much higher. There has been a large surge in domestic tourism in Asia in the last few decades, which has been attributed to a rise in the middle class, particularly in populous countries like China and India, the region being the fastest growing economy in the world, and a high cultural value of travel (Chan, 2006; Skanavis & Sakellari, 2011; UNWTO, 2012; Wu, Zhu & Xu, 2000). China is now the global leader in domestic tourism spending, surpassing the United states. Over the past decade, China’s domestic tourism spending has quadrupled to more than USD800 billion (WTTC, 2018).","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48602865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-08DOI: 10.3727/154427220x15835131172105
K. Muangasame, S. Amnuay-ngerntra
Military forces in Thailand have had an important role in national defense, social development, and environmental protection for many years. Military-based tourism is a new form of domestic tourism in Thailand. Within this trend, the article aims to explore the occurrence of "military tourism" in Thailand and propose a military-based tourism development model, adapted from Ritchie and Crouch's model to a case study at Sattahip Naval Base. Specific attention is given to factors determining destination competitiveness and sustainability of the base including the transformation of restricted areas turned into leisure destinations. Triangulation methods are derived through a focus group discussion with 25 naval personnel involved in domestic tourism, document analyses, direct observations, and an in-depth interview with a senior naval officer. The findings show that militarybased tourism at Sattahip is more competitive in destination capability featuring natural, cultural, and created resources, but less competitive in tourism management capability concerning accessibility, transportation for tourism, and staffing shortage in tourism services. The article also discusses critical issues related to military-based tourism development, including leadership, nationalism, domestic tourist typology, and degree of sustainability. A military-based tourism development model is also proposed for future studies, and recommendations are also provided to address the challenges in domestic tourism at military bases.
{"title":"Thailand's New Approach of Domestic Tourism for The Sustainability of Military Bases: A Critique of Restricted Areas Turned Into Leisure Destinations","authors":"K. Muangasame, S. Amnuay-ngerntra","doi":"10.3727/154427220x15835131172105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220x15835131172105","url":null,"abstract":"Military forces in Thailand have had an important role in national defense, social development, and environmental protection for many years. Military-based tourism is a new form of domestic tourism in Thailand. Within this trend, the article aims to explore the occurrence of \"military tourism\" in Thailand and propose a military-based tourism development model, adapted from Ritchie and Crouch's model to a case study at Sattahip Naval Base. Specific attention is given to factors determining destination competitiveness and sustainability of the base including the transformation of restricted areas turned into leisure destinations. Triangulation methods are derived through a focus group discussion with 25 naval personnel involved in domestic tourism, document analyses, direct observations, and an in-depth interview with a senior naval officer. The findings show that militarybased tourism at Sattahip is more competitive in destination capability featuring natural, cultural, and created resources, but less competitive in tourism management capability concerning accessibility, transportation for tourism, and staffing shortage in tourism services. The article also discusses critical issues related to military-based tourism development, including leadership, nationalism, domestic tourist typology, and degree of sustainability. A military-based tourism development model is also proposed for future studies, and recommendations are also provided to address the challenges in domestic tourism at military bases.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"24 1","pages":"51-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44482859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-08DOI: 10.3727/154427220x15791346544761
N. Chowdhary, Rahul Pratap Singh Kaurav, Shailja Sharma
Rural tourism in India is increasingly becoming competitive. Customers expect better services and unique experiences. It is therefore essential for the service providers to better understand the expectations of the visitors and carefully match their offers. Segmentation and targeting of the market are accepted principles of business and there has been a lot of research on the basis of segmentation. The primary objective of this article is to identify the profile of the different clusters (popularly known as segments) of motivations of tourists traveling within rural India. The intention is to decipher the causative clusters, which influences the tourists to visit the rural areas. These variables are used to identify the various rural domestic tourist market segments. A self-administered instrument was used to collect the data. Four factors have been identified through exploratory factor analysis: socialization, escape, rural experience, and self-indulgence. After identifying factors, K-means clustering was used to segment the market. The researchers have identified two relevant segments of domestic rural tourists. These are family retreaters and rural escapists. The study advances the understanding of the Indian domestic rural tourism market. It will help policymakers and practitioners to design products and marketing programs matching the expectations of these targeted markets.
{"title":"Segmenting the Domestic Rural Tourists in India","authors":"N. Chowdhary, Rahul Pratap Singh Kaurav, Shailja Sharma","doi":"10.3727/154427220x15791346544761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220x15791346544761","url":null,"abstract":"Rural tourism in India is increasingly becoming competitive. Customers expect better services and unique experiences. It is therefore essential for the service providers to better understand the expectations of the visitors and carefully match their offers. Segmentation and targeting of the market are accepted principles of business and there has been a lot of research on the basis of segmentation. The primary objective of this article is to identify the profile of the different clusters (popularly known as segments) of motivations of tourists traveling within rural India. The intention is to decipher the causative clusters, which influences the tourists to visit the rural areas. These variables are used to identify the various rural domestic tourist market segments. A self-administered instrument was used to collect the data. Four factors have been identified through exploratory factor analysis: socialization, escape, rural experience, and self-indulgence. After identifying factors, K-means clustering was used to segment the market. The researchers have identified two relevant segments of domestic rural tourists. These are family retreaters and rural escapists. The study advances the understanding of the Indian domestic rural tourism market. It will help policymakers and practitioners to design products and marketing programs matching the expectations of these targeted markets.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"24 1","pages":"23-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47893321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-08DOI: 10.3727/154427220x15845838896251
D. Timothy
This article argues that the traditional way of defining and measuring domestic tourism may be overly simplistic and is not necessarily as straightforward as is commonly thought. This discussion provides insights into certain geographic conditions and spatial anomalies that give cause to rethink situations that might be labeled "domestic tourism" but that in reality may not be truly domestic, or that might deviate from the strictest tenets of the domestic tourism phenomenon. Conditions of travel between noncontiguous territories, the effects of a country's size or shape, a country's physical geography and accessibility, visiting contested territories or sections of partitioned states, and international sameday excursions while visiting a domestic destination call into question the customary measure of travel within one's country of residence as the only defining criterion of domestic tourism. These exceptions to the normative practices of domestic travel have important policy, legislative, management, and research implications.
{"title":"Domestic Tourism: Challenging the Notion Through a Geopolitical Lens","authors":"D. Timothy","doi":"10.3727/154427220x15845838896251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220x15845838896251","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the traditional way of defining and measuring domestic tourism may be overly simplistic and is not necessarily as straightforward as is commonly thought. This discussion provides insights into certain geographic conditions and spatial anomalies that give cause to rethink situations that might be labeled \"domestic tourism\" but that in reality may not be truly domestic, or that might deviate from the strictest tenets of the domestic tourism phenomenon. Conditions of travel between noncontiguous territories, the effects of a country's size or shape, a country's physical geography and accessibility, visiting contested territories or sections of partitioned states, and international sameday excursions while visiting a domestic destination call into question the customary measure of travel within one's country of residence as the only defining criterion of domestic tourism. These exceptions to the normative practices of domestic travel have important policy, legislative, management, and research implications.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"24 1","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49661257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-08DOI: 10.3727/154427220x15791346544770
Sandeep Basnyat, Suryakiran Shrestha, B. Shakya, Reeja Byanjankar, Shubhashree Basnyat
Compared to international tourism, domestic tourism is less susceptible to external changes and provides a more stable business environment for industry stakeholders. Traditionally, the focus of a majority of tourism research has been international tourism. Existing domestic tourism literature predominantly focuses on the potential of domestic tourism and the measurement of its demands, but greatly ignores the issues and challenges in the domestic tourism industry. This article fills this gap and examines the issues and challenges the domestic tourism industry is facing with a focus on Nepal, a South Asian developing country. The data for this study were collected through semistructured interviews with 20 tourism industry practitioners. The findings of this study demonstrate how uncertainties created by the lack of institutional arrangements and prioritization, and confusion around the appropriate ways and means of managing domestic tourism have contributed to the chaos in the private sector tourism industry in Nepal. Implications for the government and other stakeholders in Nepal and other developing countries have been discussed.
{"title":"Domestic Tourism in Nepal: Issues and Challenges","authors":"Sandeep Basnyat, Suryakiran Shrestha, B. Shakya, Reeja Byanjankar, Shubhashree Basnyat","doi":"10.3727/154427220x15791346544770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427220x15791346544770","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to international tourism, domestic tourism is less susceptible to external changes and provides a more stable business environment for industry stakeholders. Traditionally, the focus of a majority of tourism research has been international tourism. Existing domestic tourism literature predominantly focuses on the potential of domestic tourism and the measurement of its demands, but greatly ignores the issues and challenges in the domestic tourism industry. This article fills this gap and examines the issues and challenges the domestic tourism industry is facing with a focus on Nepal, a South Asian developing country. The data for this study were collected through semistructured interviews with 20 tourism industry practitioners. The findings of this study demonstrate how uncertainties created by the lack of institutional arrangements and prioritization, and confusion around the appropriate ways and means of managing domestic tourism have contributed to the chaos in the private sector tourism industry in Nepal. Implications for the government and other stakeholders in Nepal and other developing countries have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"24 1","pages":"37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44452105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15790218411835
Linda E. McNeely, Jennifer L. Burton, Julia R. Pennington
Customer satisfaction has become the critical outcome variable in tourism where traveler experiences become electronic word of mouth (eWOM) for future visitors, yet the drivers of customer satisfaction in adventure travel are not well established in academic literature. This study relies on both qualitative and quantitative measures to examine visitor perceptions at a wild animal reserve to determine drivers of customer satisfaction in adventure travel. The theoretical framework extends Oliver's expectation disconfirmation theory to this new and growing sector that differs in that consumers are seeking out unexpected experiences in their travel adventures. This research addresses the role of expectations in a context where customers are seeking the unexpected. This work also incorporates Russell's circumplex theory of affect to illustrate the importance of achieving a positive, high activation state on the path to customer satisfaction. Findings indicate that perceptions of novelty, value, conservation focus, authentic cultural experience, and freedom of exploration are drivers of customer satisfaction, but perceptions of tranquility and the presence of animals are not. Results imply that the desire to seek animals or tranquil settings motivate the desire to book an adventure travel experience, but satisfaction with the experience itself will require the delivery of experiences that are undiscovered, unexpected, and go beyond consumers' preconceived notions. These novel experiences produce the high activation and positive disconfirmation that drive customer satisfaction in this unique travel context.
{"title":"Emotional and Cognitive Drivers of Customer Satisfaction in Adventure Travel","authors":"Linda E. McNeely, Jennifer L. Burton, Julia R. Pennington","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15790218411835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15790218411835","url":null,"abstract":"Customer satisfaction has become the critical outcome variable in tourism where traveler experiences become electronic word of mouth (eWOM) for future visitors, yet the drivers of customer satisfaction in adventure travel are not well established in academic literature. This study relies on both qualitative and quantitative measures to examine visitor perceptions at a wild animal reserve to determine drivers of customer satisfaction in adventure travel. The theoretical framework extends Oliver's expectation disconfirmation theory to this new and growing sector that differs in that consumers are seeking out unexpected experiences in their travel adventures. This research addresses the role of expectations in a context where customers are seeking the unexpected. This work also incorporates Russell's circumplex theory of affect to illustrate the importance of achieving a positive, high activation state on the path to customer satisfaction. Findings indicate that perceptions of novelty, value, conservation focus, authentic cultural experience, and freedom of exploration are drivers of customer satisfaction, but perceptions of tranquility and the presence of animals are not. Results imply that the desire to seek animals or tranquil settings motivate the desire to book an adventure travel experience, but satisfaction with the experience itself will require the delivery of experiences that are undiscovered, unexpected, and go beyond consumers' preconceived notions. These novel experiences produce the high activation and positive disconfirmation that drive customer satisfaction in this unique travel context.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"23 1","pages":"133-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3727/154427219x15790218411835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44086009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15773977783056
A. Fattah, Mary E. Eddy-U
The existing studies on Islamic tourism lack consideration of a particular form of Islamic practice, Sufism or "Islamic mysticism," which is seen as a more moderate and apolitical form of Islam in the West. The Sufi sheikhs' perceptions towards visitors at their sacred sites remain underresearched. This is despite the fact that Sufi religious sites exist throughout a number of African and Asian countries, providing pilgrimage sites and retreat centers for both Muslim visitors and those of other faiths. Although a number of academic studies examine the host/guest relationship at different sacred sites of various religions, minimal academic research has been conducted on how tourism and tourists are perceived in an Islamic, particularly a Sufi Islamic, context. This research note aims to demonstrate and raise awareness concerning the lack of research of tourism at Sufi Islamic sites, and specifically research exploring the perspectives of Sufi host communities. How Sufi sheikhs perceive tourism development and how they cope with challenges created by visitors at their sacred sites are necessary questions for researchers and tourism planners in the Muslim world to consider in the future.
{"title":"What Do Sufi Muslim Leaders Think About Visitors at Their Sacred Sites? A Research Need","authors":"A. Fattah, Mary E. Eddy-U","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15773977783056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15773977783056","url":null,"abstract":"The existing studies on Islamic tourism lack consideration of a particular form of Islamic practice, Sufism or \"Islamic mysticism,\" which is seen as a more moderate and apolitical form of Islam in the West. The Sufi sheikhs' perceptions towards visitors at their sacred sites remain underresearched. This is despite the fact that Sufi religious sites exist throughout a number of African and Asian countries, providing pilgrimage sites and retreat centers for both Muslim visitors and those of other faiths. Although a number of academic studies examine the host/guest relationship at different sacred sites of various religions, minimal academic research has been conducted on how tourism and tourists are perceived in an Islamic, particularly a Sufi Islamic, context. This research note aims to demonstrate and raise awareness concerning the lack of research of tourism at Sufi Islamic sites, and specifically research exploring the perspectives of Sufi host communities. How Sufi sheikhs perceive tourism development and how they cope with challenges created by visitors at their sacred sites are necessary questions for researchers and tourism planners in the Muslim world to consider in the future.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"23 1","pages":"165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3727/154427219x15773977783056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47709930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15741004672657
Therez B. Walker
This article explores an important niche of destination marketing and branding for Pacific small islands and suggests the utilization of the concept of Slow Tourism, modeled on the Cittaslow (Slow City) movement. The article begins with an analytical examination of the different elements, processes, and relationships involved in evaluating the slow philosophy as a worthwhile approach towards destination marketing and the sustainable tourism agenda in Pacific small islands. The academic discourse on the Cittaslow movement unquestionably offers an open discussion, but it has yet to address the application of this concept in small islands in the Pacific. Much of the current literature on the Cittaslow approach has focused on a European context, while some researchers have paid attention to the growing number of Cittaslow destinations in the Asia Pacific region. Following a review, this article seeks to fill the gap in the literature by not only emphasizing the importance of the movement, but it also examines the view that, the growing number of communities around the world adopting the slow philosophy, gives credibility to the adaptability of the movement in a variety of geographical areas. In doing so, this article contributes to the body of tourism management, marketing, and branding scholarship. This article also incorporates the varied and varying understandings about slow living, Slow Tourism, as well as sustainable tourism that are useful to develop models for marketing/branding places with specific potentialities and attributes such as small island destinations.
{"title":"A Review of Sustainability, Tourism, and the Marketing Opportunity for Adopting the Cittàslow Model in Pacific Small Islands","authors":"Therez B. Walker","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15741004672657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15741004672657","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores an important niche of destination marketing and branding for Pacific small islands and suggests the utilization of the concept of Slow Tourism, modeled on the Cittaslow (Slow City) movement. The article begins with an analytical examination of the different elements, processes, and relationships involved in evaluating the slow philosophy as a worthwhile approach towards destination marketing and the sustainable tourism agenda in Pacific small islands. The academic discourse on the Cittaslow movement unquestionably offers an open discussion, but it has yet to address the application of this concept in small islands in the Pacific. Much of the current literature on the Cittaslow approach has focused on a European context, while some researchers have paid attention to the growing number of Cittaslow destinations in the Asia Pacific region. Following a review, this article seeks to fill the gap in the literature by not only emphasizing the importance of the movement, but it also examines the view that, the growing number of communities around the world adopting the slow philosophy, gives credibility to the adaptability of the movement in a variety of geographical areas. In doing so, this article contributes to the body of tourism management, marketing, and branding scholarship. This article also incorporates the varied and varying understandings about slow living, Slow Tourism, as well as sustainable tourism that are useful to develop models for marketing/branding places with specific potentialities and attributes such as small island destinations.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"23 1","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46324977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.3727/154427219x15741004672675
S. W. Litvin
Is tourism a cause of peace, or simply a beneficiary of peace? It is an interesting question that has long been debated. The primary purpose of this article is to explore the tourism–peace literature, acknowledging authors who support the notion that tourism fosters peace, as well as those who are critical. While this review will not resolve the disagreement, it is hoped that the summation of views and commentary that follows will add clarity to the debate, help readers reach their own conclusions, and spur additional exploration of this important issue.
{"title":"Review and Commentary Tourism and Peace: A Review and Commentary","authors":"S. W. Litvin","doi":"10.3727/154427219x15741004672675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/154427219x15741004672675","url":null,"abstract":"Is tourism a cause of peace, or simply a beneficiary of peace? It is an interesting question that has long been debated. The primary purpose of this article is to explore the tourism–peace literature, acknowledging authors who support the notion that tourism fosters peace, as well as those who are critical. While this review will not resolve the disagreement, it is hoped that the summation of views and commentary that follows will add clarity to the debate, help readers reach their own conclusions, and spur additional exploration of this important issue.","PeriodicalId":46032,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Review International","volume":"23 1","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46758300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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