Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2230889
Rinske Ellermeijer, M. Robinson, A. F. Guevara, G. O'Hare, C.I.S. Veldhuizen, M. Wessells, R. Reis, M. Jordans
ABSTRACT This systematic review synthesizes the current state of literature on community-level child protection in LMICs. The aim of the review is to present available evidence and effective strategies that implementing agencies can use to support community-level structures, practices, resources and processes. Multiple database searches were conducted, using search terms to capture community-level approaches to child protection in LMICs. The search identified 1,549 unique published articles and 1,745 grey literature resources. After a screening process based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 published articles and 204 grey literature resources were analyzed. The review highlights (1) a practice-research gap related to community-level approaches generally and more specifically in humanitarian settings; (2) the important role of different socio-ecological levels when implementing community-level interventions; and (3) a number of recommended strategies that implementing agencies can adopt in their work, such as ensuring ownership at community level increasing the potential of sustainability of an approach; linking with existing processes and structures; being inclusive in the approach; and carefully negotiating possible tension between traditional mechanisms and rights-based frameworks. Further studies, with a focus on outcomes for children, families and communities, are needed to broaden the current evidence-base and research on the applicability and effectiveness of community-level approaches in humanitarian settings is recommended to steer implementation in the sector.
{"title":"A systematic review of the literature on community-level child protection in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Rinske Ellermeijer, M. Robinson, A. F. Guevara, G. O'Hare, C.I.S. Veldhuizen, M. Wessells, R. Reis, M. Jordans","doi":"10.1080/13548506.2023.2230889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2023.2230889","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This systematic review synthesizes the current state of literature on community-level child protection in LMICs. The aim of the review is to present available evidence and effective strategies that implementing agencies can use to support community-level structures, practices, resources and processes. Multiple database searches were conducted, using search terms to capture community-level approaches to child protection in LMICs. The search identified 1,549 unique published articles and 1,745 grey literature resources. After a screening process based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 published articles and 204 grey literature resources were analyzed. The review highlights (1) a practice-research gap related to community-level approaches generally and more specifically in humanitarian settings; (2) the important role of different socio-ecological levels when implementing community-level interventions; and (3) a number of recommended strategies that implementing agencies can adopt in their work, such as ensuring ownership at community level increasing the potential of sustainability of an approach; linking with existing processes and structures; being inclusive in the approach; and carefully negotiating possible tension between traditional mechanisms and rights-based frameworks. Further studies, with a focus on outcomes for children, families and communities, are needed to broaden the current evidence-base and research on the applicability and effectiveness of community-level approaches in humanitarian settings is recommended to steer implementation in the sector.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"309 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45630981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2023.2208385
José Rodolfo Tavares de Melo, Gabriela Brito Vasconcelos, Alice Kelly Barreira, V. Colares
ABSTRACT Self-injurious behavior has been defined as an act directed at oneself that results in tissue damage. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of self-injurious behavior and the presence of oral lesions among adolescents in foster care. This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out in the shelters of the city of Recife (Brazil), with adolescents between 10 and 17 years of age, of both genders, by census survey. Data were collected through document analysis, application of the questionnaire (FASM), and physical examination, in the second half of 2021. The data were systematized by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 81 adolescents participated of the research. The average age of the patients evaluated was 13.65 years and the majority were male. As for clinical characteristics, 75.3% had one or more self-injurious behavior. Of these, the most frequent were: poking wounds 53.1%, biting oneself 40.7%, and cutting the skin 34.6%. The most observed oral lesion was linea alba 14.8%. In the association between self-injurious behavior and oral lesions, trauma and dental wear, age group, gender, shelter care situation and violence no association was recorded (p > 0.05). Self-injurious behavior may have a high occurrence percentage among adolescents in shelter/foster care. However, the adolescents had a low prevalence of changes in the oral cavity that could suggest self-injurious behavior. No association was recorded between the variables studied.
{"title":"Assessment of self-injurious behavior and oral injuries among adolescents in shelter care: a cross-sectional study","authors":"José Rodolfo Tavares de Melo, Gabriela Brito Vasconcelos, Alice Kelly Barreira, V. Colares","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2208385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2208385","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Self-injurious behavior has been defined as an act directed at oneself that results in tissue damage. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of self-injurious behavior and the presence of oral lesions among adolescents in foster care. This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out in the shelters of the city of Recife (Brazil), with adolescents between 10 and 17 years of age, of both genders, by census survey. Data were collected through document analysis, application of the questionnaire (FASM), and physical examination, in the second half of 2021. The data were systematized by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 81 adolescents participated of the research. The average age of the patients evaluated was 13.65 years and the majority were male. As for clinical characteristics, 75.3% had one or more self-injurious behavior. Of these, the most frequent were: poking wounds 53.1%, biting oneself 40.7%, and cutting the skin 34.6%. The most observed oral lesion was linea alba 14.8%. In the association between self-injurious behavior and oral lesions, trauma and dental wear, age group, gender, shelter care situation and violence no association was recorded (p > 0.05). Self-injurious behavior may have a high occurrence percentage among adolescents in shelter/foster care. However, the adolescents had a low prevalence of changes in the oral cavity that could suggest self-injurious behavior. No association was recorded between the variables studied.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"431 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45269294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2023.2224121
Joannes S.H. de Leeuw, S. Malcolm-Smith
ABSTRACT Many children growing up in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at a particular risk for poor developmental outcomes and can face many adverse circumstances growing up. Generally, the psychosocial risk factors affecting the development of these vulnerable children are well-described but research on protective factors that can buffer these risks and boost their psychological resilience seems to be lacking in LMICs. This scoping review examined resilience and protective factors that bolster resilience in LMICs in children under the age of 11 years and the extent to which these factors have been investigated in LMICs at all, and whether specific protective factors emerge. Studies were identified by searching the EBSCOHOST (Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, and APA PsycARTICLES), Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and were included if they mentioned resilience in children (<11 years) from LMICs. A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, with only four studies using a longitudinal design. Social support, emotion regulation, and caregiver mental health are important protective factors specific to children in LMICs. Common protective factors found in Western research have not yet been investigated for their role in boosting resilience in children in LMICs – for example, peer support, having a future outlook, and religion. Adversities were often only assumed, with the vast majority of studies not including a direct measurement of adversity. Only 16 studies employed direct measurement of resilience. There is still a paucity in data for protective factors that boost resilience in children under 11 years from LMICs, and especially when it comes to longitudinal studies. Longitudinal observations over time are needed to uncover pathways that influence resilience in young children from LMICs, with clear definitions of adversity.
摘要许多在中低收入国家长大的儿童面临着发育不良的特殊风险，在成长过程中可能面临许多不利的环境。一般来说，影响这些弱势儿童发展的心理社会风险因素已经得到了很好的描述，但在LMIC中，似乎缺乏对能够缓冲这些风险并提高其心理韧性的保护因素的研究。这项范围界定审查考察了11岁以下儿童LMIC的恢复力和增强恢复力的保护因素 以及这些因素在LMIC中被研究的程度，以及是否出现特定的保护因素。通过搜索EBSCOHOST（Africa Wide Information、CINAHL、MEDLINE、APA PsycINFO和APA PsycARTICLES）、Pubmed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库来确定研究，如果它们提到儿童的复原力（<11 年）。共有26项研究符合纳入标准，只有4项研究采用了纵向设计。社会支持、情绪调节和照顾者心理健康是LMIC儿童特有的重要保护因素。西方研究中发现的常见保护因素尚未被调查其在提高LMIC儿童复原力方面的作用——例如，同伴支持、对未来的展望和宗教。逆境往往只是假设的，绝大多数研究都不包括对逆境的直接测量。只有16项研究采用了弹性的直接测量。关于提高11岁以下儿童复原力的保护因素的数据仍然很少 从LMIC开始数年，尤其是在纵向研究方面。需要随着时间的推移进行纵向观察，以揭示影响LMIC幼儿恢复力的途径，并明确逆境的定义。
{"title":"Investigating protective factors that boost resilience in children from low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review","authors":"Joannes S.H. de Leeuw, S. Malcolm-Smith","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2224121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2224121","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many children growing up in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at a particular risk for poor developmental outcomes and can face many adverse circumstances growing up. Generally, the psychosocial risk factors affecting the development of these vulnerable children are well-described but research on protective factors that can buffer these risks and boost their psychological resilience seems to be lacking in LMICs. This scoping review examined resilience and protective factors that bolster resilience in LMICs in children under the age of 11 years and the extent to which these factors have been investigated in LMICs at all, and whether specific protective factors emerge. Studies were identified by searching the EBSCOHOST (Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, and APA PsycARTICLES), Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and were included if they mentioned resilience in children (<11 years) from LMICs. A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, with only four studies using a longitudinal design. Social support, emotion regulation, and caregiver mental health are important protective factors specific to children in LMICs. Common protective factors found in Western research have not yet been investigated for their role in boosting resilience in children in LMICs – for example, peer support, having a future outlook, and religion. Adversities were often only assumed, with the vast majority of studies not including a direct measurement of adversity. Only 16 studies employed direct measurement of resilience. There is still a paucity in data for protective factors that boost resilience in children under 11 years from LMICs, and especially when it comes to longitudinal studies. Longitudinal observations over time are needed to uncover pathways that influence resilience in young children from LMICs, with clear definitions of adversity.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"467 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41892155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2023.2224975
S. Adams, S. Moi
ABSTRACT The SARS-CoV−2 (COVID−19) virus severely impacted children around the globe; however, the impact on children with disabilities, such as cerebral palsy (CP) has been exacerbated due to the significant changes to their daily routines, and access to services and supports. During the spread of COVID−19, the country imposed restrictions and subsequent lockdown. The care demands may be compounded for children with CP and their families living in South Africa due to existing inequalities, and economic and access barriers. The study explored the access and support experiences of caregivers caring for children with CP during the COVID−19 pandemic in South Africa. A qualitative research design was employed. Eighteen caregivers consisting of 16 mothers and 2 fathers participated in the current study using semi-structured interviews on access and support needs for their children with CP. Thematic analysis of the data yielded themes related to: (1) fear of the unknown, (2) navigating changing caregiver roles, (3) financial stressors, and (4) opportunity despite adversity. While the lockdown measures continue to change and ease, it is important that provisions are made for children and their families both during and after the pandemic such as financial, social, family, and environmental support. In addition, recommendations for healthcare professionals working with vulnerable children and their families have been provided.
{"title":"Care for children with cerebral palsy during the COVID-19 pandemic: South African family caregiver perspectives","authors":"S. Adams, S. Moi","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2224975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2224975","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The SARS-CoV−2 (COVID−19) virus severely impacted children around the globe; however, the impact on children with disabilities, such as cerebral palsy (CP) has been exacerbated due to the significant changes to their daily routines, and access to services and supports. During the spread of COVID−19, the country imposed restrictions and subsequent lockdown. The care demands may be compounded for children with CP and their families living in South Africa due to existing inequalities, and economic and access barriers. The study explored the access and support experiences of caregivers caring for children with CP during the COVID−19 pandemic in South Africa. A qualitative research design was employed. Eighteen caregivers consisting of 16 mothers and 2 fathers participated in the current study using semi-structured interviews on access and support needs for their children with CP. Thematic analysis of the data yielded themes related to: (1) fear of the unknown, (2) navigating changing caregiver roles, (3) financial stressors, and (4) opportunity despite adversity. While the lockdown measures continue to change and ease, it is important that provisions are made for children and their families both during and after the pandemic such as financial, social, family, and environmental support. In addition, recommendations for healthcare professionals working with vulnerable children and their families have been provided.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"445 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45100381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2023.2216476
Aslihan Ataman, Burcu Uysal
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 6-session hope-based intervention program on the levels of hope and psychological resilience of Syrian refugee children. The pre-test post-test control group design was implemented. A total of 42 Syrian refugee students in 5th grade participated in the study. 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA, independent sample t-test, and dependent sample t-test were conducted for data analysis. Mixed ANOVA revealed that the intervention group had more improvement in hope and psychological resilience scores compared to the control group. Dependent sample t-test revealed that while the hope and resilience scores of the intervention group were maintained, the hope scores of the control group significantly decreased. Independent sample t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the post-test hope scores of the groups. Research findings supported that hope-oriented approaches can be effective in improving the resilience of Syrian refugee children in the long term.
{"title":"Examining the effectiveness of a group hope intervention program in Syrian refugee children: A pilot study","authors":"Aslihan Ataman, Burcu Uysal","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2216476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2216476","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 6-session hope-based intervention program on the levels of hope and psychological resilience of Syrian refugee children. The pre-test post-test control group design was implemented. A total of 42 Syrian refugee students in 5th grade participated in the study. 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA, independent sample t-test, and dependent sample t-test were conducted for data analysis. Mixed ANOVA revealed that the intervention group had more improvement in hope and psychological resilience scores compared to the control group. Dependent sample t-test revealed that while the hope and resilience scores of the intervention group were maintained, the hope scores of the control group significantly decreased. Independent sample t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the post-test hope scores of the groups. Research findings supported that hope-oriented approaches can be effective in improving the resilience of Syrian refugee children in the long term.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"61 11","pages":"501 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41308440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2023.2217385
P. Ekoh, U. Okoye, Okwukwe Faith Ekoh
ABSTRACT Internally displaced youth and adolescents may continue to suffer from displacement-associated trauma and stress many years after initial displacement. Hence, our study initially aimed to qualitatively explore how displaced youth and adolescents in Nigeria are coping with the trauma and stress associated with protracted displacement. However, through serendipity, results from the thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews from 22 displaced youths and nine professionals in Abuja revealed that in addition to some positive coping mechanisms, some displaced young males turn to drugs, while some young women turn to transactional sex and multiple sexual partners to deal with the impact of protracted displacement. This may lead to increased crime, morbidity, and mortality, thus requiring immediate intervention. This paper concluded by recommending that social workers help displaced youth and adolescents deal with their current stressors by advocating for the improvement of their living situation while also working with other professionals to intervene on the issue of drug misuse and unhealthy sexual behaviours through continuous education.
{"title":"Vulnerability to drug use and risky sexual behaviours: youth and adolescents coping with trauma and stress in protracted displacement in Abuja","authors":"P. Ekoh, U. Okoye, Okwukwe Faith Ekoh","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2217385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2217385","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Internally displaced youth and adolescents may continue to suffer from displacement-associated trauma and stress many years after initial displacement. Hence, our study initially aimed to qualitatively explore how displaced youth and adolescents in Nigeria are coping with the trauma and stress associated with protracted displacement. However, through serendipity, results from the thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews from 22 displaced youths and nine professionals in Abuja revealed that in addition to some positive coping mechanisms, some displaced young males turn to drugs, while some young women turn to transactional sex and multiple sexual partners to deal with the impact of protracted displacement. This may lead to increased crime, morbidity, and mortality, thus requiring immediate intervention. This paper concluded by recommending that social workers help displaced youth and adolescents deal with their current stressors by advocating for the improvement of their living situation while also working with other professionals to intervene on the issue of drug misuse and unhealthy sexual behaviours through continuous education.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43290860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2023.2206172
Talitha Crowley, Frances De Lange-Cloete
ABSTRACT Self-management programs or interventions focus on self-empowerment to improve skills, abilities and behaviors needed to control a chronic condition and may be of great value for adolescents living with HIV (ALWH). The aim of this study was to develop a self-management intervention called Self-Management in Adolescents to be Resilient and Thrive (S-SMART), for ALWH aged 15 to 19 years using the principles of intervention mapping (IM). We conducted a needs assessment and developed a logic model for change based on factors influencing self-management amongst ALWH on the level of the individual and environment. Program outcomes and objectives were identified based on formative qualitative and quantitative research, a systematic review and theory. We then selected theory-based models and practical strategies and developed a 12-week program consisting of individual activities completed in a workbook or smartphone application, five peer-group sessions and three individual coaching sessions. Content validity was determined by consulting nine local and international experts and 18 key stakeholders (11 ALWH and seven healthcare workers) through four focus groups in the Cape Metropole of the Western Cape, South Africa. The intervention will now be pilot tested for feasibility and acceptability.
{"title":"Supporting HIV self-management in adolescents to be resilient and thrive: an intervention development study","authors":"Talitha Crowley, Frances De Lange-Cloete","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2206172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2206172","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Self-management programs or interventions focus on self-empowerment to improve skills, abilities and behaviors needed to control a chronic condition and may be of great value for adolescents living with HIV (ALWH). The aim of this study was to develop a self-management intervention called Self-Management in Adolescents to be Resilient and Thrive (S-SMART), for ALWH aged 15 to 19 years using the principles of intervention mapping (IM). We conducted a needs assessment and developed a logic model for change based on factors influencing self-management amongst ALWH on the level of the individual and environment. Program outcomes and objectives were identified based on formative qualitative and quantitative research, a systematic review and theory. We then selected theory-based models and practical strategies and developed a 12-week program consisting of individual activities completed in a workbook or smartphone application, five peer-group sessions and three individual coaching sessions. Content validity was determined by consulting nine local and international experts and 18 key stakeholders (11 ALWH and seven healthcare workers) through four focus groups in the Cape Metropole of the Western Cape, South Africa. The intervention will now be pilot tested for feasibility and acceptability.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43739889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2023.2196097
H. Waki, Takuya Suzuki, Y. Minakawa, Naruto Yoshida, S. Miyazaki, T. Hisajima
ABSTRACT Many college students experience daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is reportedly associated with poor academic performance, suicide, depression, and traffic accidents. This parallel-group randomized controlled trial study aimed to examine the effect of self-care using transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in college students with sleepiness and depression. Thirty-four college students (age 21.5 ± 0.1 years, 21 men and 13 women) were assigned to a control or taVNS group. For taVNS, an electro-stimulator was used to deliver 100 Hz pulses at an intensity below each participant’s pain threshold (3.0–8.0 mV) for 30 min. taVNS was performed 30 min before bedtime every day for 28 days. Daytime sleepiness, depression, study engagement, and sleep quality were measured using the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS-J), Japanese version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II-J), Japanese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S-J), Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J), and Silmee™ Bar Type Lite. Autonomic nervous system activities were measured using high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components of heart rate variability. Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system activities were indicated by the HF value and LF/HF ratio, respectively. The change in each group from day 28 to day 1 was calculated and analysed. The ESS-J, BDI-II-J, UWES-S-J, and PSQI-J (sleep quality and daytime dysfunction) scores improved, and the LF/HF ratio decreased in the taVNS group compared with the control group. Self-care using taVNS suppresses the sympathetic nervous system during sleep, which may improve sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, and study engagement.
{"title":"Effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on daytime sleepiness, depression, and study engagement in college students: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"H. Waki, Takuya Suzuki, Y. Minakawa, Naruto Yoshida, S. Miyazaki, T. Hisajima","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2196097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2196097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many college students experience daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is reportedly associated with poor academic performance, suicide, depression, and traffic accidents. This parallel-group randomized controlled trial study aimed to examine the effect of self-care using transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in college students with sleepiness and depression. Thirty-four college students (age 21.5 ± 0.1 years, 21 men and 13 women) were assigned to a control or taVNS group. For taVNS, an electro-stimulator was used to deliver 100 Hz pulses at an intensity below each participant’s pain threshold (3.0–8.0 mV) for 30 min. taVNS was performed 30 min before bedtime every day for 28 days. Daytime sleepiness, depression, study engagement, and sleep quality were measured using the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS-J), Japanese version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II-J), Japanese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S-J), Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J), and Silmee™ Bar Type Lite. Autonomic nervous system activities were measured using high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components of heart rate variability. Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system activities were indicated by the HF value and LF/HF ratio, respectively. The change in each group from day 28 to day 1 was calculated and analysed. The ESS-J, BDI-II-J, UWES-S-J, and PSQI-J (sleep quality and daytime dysfunction) scores improved, and the LF/HF ratio decreased in the taVNS group compared with the control group. Self-care using taVNS suppresses the sympathetic nervous system during sleep, which may improve sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, and study engagement.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43086008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2023.2192994
S. du Toit, K. Haag, M. Tomlinson, L. Sherr, Marguerite Marlow, J. Stewart, S. Skeen
ABSTRACT Adolescents living in low- and-middle incomeand middle-income countries are at a particular risk of poor mental health. Caregiver mental health plays a crucial role in a child’s emotional and behavioural development and may directly impact a child’s risk for future development of mental health problems. Data collected as part of a two-decade longitudinal multiphase research project were used. Participants, originally women in their third trimester of pregnancy (n = 449), were recruited from a peri-urban impoverished community outside of Cape Town, South Africa, and assessed at several time-points over subsequent years. Data collected during the three phases of the research were used to assess the effects of early and current caregiver depression on adolescent internalising and externalising behaviour. Analyses of Covariance models were used to explore the effect of caregiver depression on adolescent internalising and externalising behaviour, while controlling for multiple covariates. We analysed data for 313 adolescent participants and their primary caregivers. Caregiver depression patterns had a significant main effect on externalising behaviour, F(3,305) = 4.10 (p = 0.007), but not on internalising behaviour, F(3,305) = 2.71 (p = 0.09). Post-hoc analysis showed that those adolescents exposed to early and current caregiver depression scored on average 3.83 points (95% CI [0.99; 6.66]) higher in externalising behaviour than those exposed to no caregiver depression. Also, adolescents who experienced a change in caregiver, compared to those whose biological mother were still their primary caregiver, reported significantly higher levels of externalising behaviour F(1,305) = 5.10, p = 0.03. The study findings provide crucial insight into critical periods of risk, as well as opportunities for prevention. Preventive interventions should ideally target caregivers and adolescents to prevent or reduce behavioural problems and disrupt intergenerational cycles of mental disorders or behavioural problems.
生活在中低收入和中等收入国家的青少年心理健康状况不佳的风险特别大。照顾者的心理健康在儿童的情绪和行为发展中起着至关重要的作用，并可能直接影响儿童未来心理健康问题发展的风险。数据收集作为一个20年的纵向多阶段研究项目的一部分使用。参与者，最初是怀孕晚期的妇女(n = 449)，从南非开普敦外的城郊贫困社区招募，并在随后几年的几个时间点进行评估。在研究的三个阶段收集的数据被用来评估早期和现在的照顾者抑郁对青少年内化和外化行为的影响。在控制多协变量的情况下，采用协方差分析模型探讨照顾者抑郁对青少年内化和外化行为的影响。我们分析了313名青少年参与者及其主要照顾者的数据。照顾者抑郁模式对外化行为有显著的主要影响，F(3305) = 4.10 (p = 0.007)，但对内化行为没有影响，F(3305) = 2.71 (p = 0.09)。事后分析显示，那些暴露于早期和当前照顾者抑郁症的青少年平均得分为3.83分(95% CI [0.99;6.66])的外化行为高于那些没有受到照顾者抑郁的人。此外，与那些生母仍然是主要照顾者的青少年相比，经历了照顾者变化的青少年报告了显着更高水平的外化行为F(1,305) = 5.10, p = 0.03。这项研究的发现为风险的关键时期提供了重要的见解，以及预防的机会。预防性干预措施最好是针对照顾者和青少年，以预防或减少行为问题，并破坏精神障碍或行为问题的代际循环。
{"title":"Effect of caregiver depression on adolescent internalising and externalising behaviour: findings from a longitudinal study in a high-risk South African environment","authors":"S. du Toit, K. Haag, M. Tomlinson, L. Sherr, Marguerite Marlow, J. Stewart, S. Skeen","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2192994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2192994","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Adolescents living in low- and-middle incomeand middle-income countries are at a particular risk of poor mental health. Caregiver mental health plays a crucial role in a child’s emotional and behavioural development and may directly impact a child’s risk for future development of mental health problems. Data collected as part of a two-decade longitudinal multiphase research project were used. Participants, originally women in their third trimester of pregnancy (n = 449), were recruited from a peri-urban impoverished community outside of Cape Town, South Africa, and assessed at several time-points over subsequent years. Data collected during the three phases of the research were used to assess the effects of early and current caregiver depression on adolescent internalising and externalising behaviour. Analyses of Covariance models were used to explore the effect of caregiver depression on adolescent internalising and externalising behaviour, while controlling for multiple covariates. We analysed data for 313 adolescent participants and their primary caregivers. Caregiver depression patterns had a significant main effect on externalising behaviour, F(3,305) = 4.10 (p = 0.007), but not on internalising behaviour, F(3,305) = 2.71 (p = 0.09). Post-hoc analysis showed that those adolescents exposed to early and current caregiver depression scored on average 3.83 points (95% CI [0.99; 6.66]) higher in externalising behaviour than those exposed to no caregiver depression. Also, adolescents who experienced a change in caregiver, compared to those whose biological mother were still their primary caregiver, reported significantly higher levels of externalising behaviour F(1,305) = 5.10, p = 0.03. The study findings provide crucial insight into critical periods of risk, as well as opportunities for prevention. Preventive interventions should ideally target caregivers and adolescents to prevent or reduce behavioural problems and disrupt intergenerational cycles of mental disorders or behavioural problems.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"330 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48700647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2023.2188337
T. B. Purnama, Insani Arrafi, I. Ikhwan, Liliek Pratiwi, Tri Suci Rahmayani, Ayu Sajida Da’ad Arini
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 vaccination can help to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Low vaccine acceptance among adolescents could exacerbate the risk of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and risk factors among adolescents. This study used cross-sectional with adolescents who are domiciled in Medan City. The sample was gathered through an online survey, and the data was analysed using bivariate and multivariate statistics (Multiple Logistic Regression). According to the findings, 96.2% of respondents are aware of the COVID-19 vaccination programme, and 47.9% are willing to be vaccinated. Social media was predominantly a source of information on COVID-19 vaccination among respondents. The results revealed that economic status, social media information, and knowing the vaccination program had an influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Health education and promotion amongst the targeted group is needed to increase future COVID-19 vaccine coverage.
{"title":"A cross-sectional online survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among adolescents in Medan, Indonesia","authors":"T. B. Purnama, Insani Arrafi, I. Ikhwan, Liliek Pratiwi, Tri Suci Rahmayani, Ayu Sajida Da’ad Arini","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2023.2188337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2023.2188337","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 vaccination can help to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Low vaccine acceptance among adolescents could exacerbate the risk of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and risk factors among adolescents. This study used cross-sectional with adolescents who are domiciled in Medan City. The sample was gathered through an online survey, and the data was analysed using bivariate and multivariate statistics (Multiple Logistic Regression). According to the findings, 96.2% of respondents are aware of the COVID-19 vaccination programme, and 47.9% are willing to be vaccinated. Social media was predominantly a source of information on COVID-19 vaccination among respondents. The results revealed that economic status, social media information, and knowing the vaccination program had an influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Health education and promotion amongst the targeted group is needed to increase future COVID-19 vaccine coverage.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"422 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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