Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2080895
C. R. Mbamba, P. A. Yeboaa, I. K. Ndemole
ABSTRACT Single mothers caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) go through emotional and financial hardships in Ghana due to discrimination, social isolation, stigmatization and financial strains. This inhibits their efforts to efficiently care for, and safeguard the welfare of the autistic children. Therefore, this qualitative study, through in-depth interviews with 15 single mothers caring for ASD children in Ghana, presents findings on the opportunities available to enhancing autistic childrens’ welfare as well as the barriers which make the welfare and well-being enhancement difficult. The study discovered that while kinship support constitutes a huge part of the support for promoting the welfare of autistic children and their single mothers, kin and kith also neglect them. Also, the study revealed that the existence and availability of autism support centers are a great resource that contribute to safeguarding the welfare of ASD children and their single mothers. However, in Ghana, such centers are limited, making it difficult for single mothers to effectively fend for their children. Therefore, the study recommends the need for a strong collaboration between the ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP) and the Ministry of Health to expand the capacities of existing special schools and create new ones in regions without them. The study also recommends that particular attention be given to single mothers under the Livelihood Empowerment against Poverty Program (LEAP) for which families with children suffering impairments are eligible.
{"title":"Autistic children in the care of single mothers: opportunities and barriers to safeguarding the welfare of special needs children","authors":"C. R. Mbamba, P. A. Yeboaa, I. K. Ndemole","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2080895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2080895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Single mothers caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) go through emotional and financial hardships in Ghana due to discrimination, social isolation, stigmatization and financial strains. This inhibits their efforts to efficiently care for, and safeguard the welfare of the autistic children. Therefore, this qualitative study, through in-depth interviews with 15 single mothers caring for ASD children in Ghana, presents findings on the opportunities available to enhancing autistic childrens’ welfare as well as the barriers which make the welfare and well-being enhancement difficult. The study discovered that while kinship support constitutes a huge part of the support for promoting the welfare of autistic children and their single mothers, kin and kith also neglect them. Also, the study revealed that the existence and availability of autism support centers are a great resource that contribute to safeguarding the welfare of ASD children and their single mothers. However, in Ghana, such centers are limited, making it difficult for single mothers to effectively fend for their children. Therefore, the study recommends the need for a strong collaboration between the ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP) and the Ministry of Health to expand the capacities of existing special schools and create new ones in regions without them. The study also recommends that particular attention be given to single mothers under the Livelihood Empowerment against Poverty Program (LEAP) for which families with children suffering impairments are eligible.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"46 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46556146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2075068
Tobias Hecker, Getrude Mkinga, Katharina Hach, Ronald Ssentuuwa, Maregesi Machumu, N. P. Rygaard, Lene Godiksen, Florian Scharpf
ABSTRACT Given the lack of validated screening tools for the well-being of children and caregivers in family-based care in low-income settings, the present study aimed to test the psychometric quality of two newly developed tools: Scorecard A as a screener for children’s emotional and behavioral problems and Scorecard B as a screener for caregivers’ well-being and resources. The study was conducted within the framework of an ongoing caregiver training program in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and included a sample of 124 caregivers and 99 children (57 girls, M age = 9.30, SD = 4.65, range 3–17) divided in three equally sized age groups of preschool (3 to 5 years), primary school (6 to 12 years) and secondary school age (13 to 17 years). Caregivers reported on children’s emotional and behavioral problems using Scorecard A and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) administered as a structured interview. A sub-sample (n = 78) of caregivers participated in another structured interview on various aspects of their well-being and caregiving resources, based on which interviewers rated Scorecard B. Additionally, caregivers completed Scorecard B and measures of their well-being and resources administered as self-report questionnaires. All assessments were conducted twice with an interval of 1 week. Scorecard A showed good internal consistency and test-retest-reliability across age groups and significant associations with the SDQ total score and subscales indicate convergent validity, particularly among preschool-aged children. The internal consistency of Scorecard B was acceptable in the questionnaire and good in the interviewer rating, while re-test-reliability in both modes and inter-rater reliability between interviewer and caregiver rating were moderate. Associations with established measures of well-being and resources provided evidence for convergent validity of Scorecard B. The Scorecards hold promise as brief screening tools to identify children and caregivers with difficulties and evaluate intervention programs in low-resource contexts.
{"title":"Testing the psychometric quality of screening tools for the well-being of children and caregivers in alternative care-settings: a multi-informant study with families in Tanzania","authors":"Tobias Hecker, Getrude Mkinga, Katharina Hach, Ronald Ssentuuwa, Maregesi Machumu, N. P. Rygaard, Lene Godiksen, Florian Scharpf","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2075068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2075068","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Given the lack of validated screening tools for the well-being of children and caregivers in family-based care in low-income settings, the present study aimed to test the psychometric quality of two newly developed tools: Scorecard A as a screener for children’s emotional and behavioral problems and Scorecard B as a screener for caregivers’ well-being and resources. The study was conducted within the framework of an ongoing caregiver training program in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and included a sample of 124 caregivers and 99 children (57 girls, M age = 9.30, SD = 4.65, range 3–17) divided in three equally sized age groups of preschool (3 to 5 years), primary school (6 to 12 years) and secondary school age (13 to 17 years). Caregivers reported on children’s emotional and behavioral problems using Scorecard A and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) administered as a structured interview. A sub-sample (n = 78) of caregivers participated in another structured interview on various aspects of their well-being and caregiving resources, based on which interviewers rated Scorecard B. Additionally, caregivers completed Scorecard B and measures of their well-being and resources administered as self-report questionnaires. All assessments were conducted twice with an interval of 1 week. Scorecard A showed good internal consistency and test-retest-reliability across age groups and significant associations with the SDQ total score and subscales indicate convergent validity, particularly among preschool-aged children. The internal consistency of Scorecard B was acceptable in the questionnaire and good in the interviewer rating, while re-test-reliability in both modes and inter-rater reliability between interviewer and caregiver rating were moderate. Associations with established measures of well-being and resources provided evidence for convergent validity of Scorecard B. The Scorecards hold promise as brief screening tools to identify children and caregivers with difficulties and evaluate intervention programs in low-resource contexts.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47789163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2075066
Tyrone M. Parchment, Latoya A. Small
ABSTRACT Research regarding South African caregivers’ protective parenting behaviors that can improve youth well-being in early adolescence is limited. Therefore, this study explored the affective and protective aspects of adult caregiving that influence mental health and possible engagement in sexual situations among Black South African early adolescents. Structural Equation Modeling was employed using baseline data from 577 youth to examine caregiver communication’s mediating effect on the relationship between child-report of caregiver attunement, child depressive symptoms, and possible engagement in sexual situations. The findings suggested that Black South African caregivers can provide a protective role in reducing the risk of engagement in sexual situations while improving child mental health. Therefore, caregiver communication and attunement are vital mechanisms that build family resilience and child well-being.
{"title":"South African child report of caregiver attunement as a mechanism to decrease engagement in risky sexual situations and depression","authors":"Tyrone M. Parchment, Latoya A. Small","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2075066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2075066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research regarding South African caregivers’ protective parenting behaviors that can improve youth well-being in early adolescence is limited. Therefore, this study explored the affective and protective aspects of adult caregiving that influence mental health and possible engagement in sexual situations among Black South African early adolescents. Structural Equation Modeling was employed using baseline data from 577 youth to examine caregiver communication’s mediating effect on the relationship between child-report of caregiver attunement, child depressive symptoms, and possible engagement in sexual situations. The findings suggested that Black South African caregivers can provide a protective role in reducing the risk of engagement in sexual situations while improving child mental health. Therefore, caregiver communication and attunement are vital mechanisms that build family resilience and child well-being.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"100 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45291314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2072989
R. Kasirye, P. Bukuluki, E. Walakira
ABSTRACT Children are increasingly affected by sexual exploitation (SEC), and the subsequent hardships arising out threaten their lives. Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of trauma or other significant sources of stress. Past literature discusses various child participatory methods but has not explored the voices and role of children as agents of change among their peers to yield adaptation and resilience. The study aimed to examine the role children play in their successful recovery and that of other child survivors. This study adopted descriptive research design, using qualitative methods to collect data from NGO staff and child survivors. NGOs adopted different levels of survivor participation from various NGO rehabilitation centres. There was evidence of survivors’ involvement and strength. Survivors’ participation as a complementary strategy in building resilience among survivors should be promoted by NGOs. Staff need to be trained to work with survivors to improve resilience of survivors of SEC.
{"title":"Building resilience in survivors of sexual exploitation: the role of children in activities implemented by NGOs in Uganda","authors":"R. Kasirye, P. Bukuluki, E. Walakira","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2072989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2072989","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Children are increasingly affected by sexual exploitation (SEC), and the subsequent hardships arising out threaten their lives. Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of trauma or other significant sources of stress. Past literature discusses various child participatory methods but has not explored the voices and role of children as agents of change among their peers to yield adaptation and resilience. The study aimed to examine the role children play in their successful recovery and that of other child survivors. This study adopted descriptive research design, using qualitative methods to collect data from NGO staff and child survivors. NGOs adopted different levels of survivor participation from various NGO rehabilitation centres. There was evidence of survivors’ involvement and strength. Survivors’ participation as a complementary strategy in building resilience among survivors should be promoted by NGOs. Staff need to be trained to work with survivors to improve resilience of survivors of SEC.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"376 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41799612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2073416
Aslı Şentürk, Yasin Abanoz, Y. Abanoz, Öykü Şentürk, S. Saip
ABSTRACT The relationship between headache and stressful life events experienced in childhood has been found mostly associated with recurrent primary headaches and headache chronicity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, daily life impact of migraine and tension-type headache in orphaned children with low income in a boarding school. Four hundred and fifteen permanent boarders aged 12–17 years were evaluated using the Structured Headache Questionnaire, the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (PedMIDAS), the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Prevalence of primary headache was 59.8%; 24.1% for migraine; 35.7% for tension-type headache; 4.1% for chronic migraine; and 2.4% for chronic tension-type headache. Prevalence of probable diagnoses was found to be higher in early ages; however, definite diagnoses became more common with age. Sex distribution was affected by age in migraineurs. The most distinctive features separating migraine were high frequency, pain severity, throbbing/pounding nature, photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting, and aggravated by physical activity. Prodromal symptoms and triggering factors were more closely associated with migraine. Sleep was the most common method to relieve of headache, taking medicines was preferred more commonly in migraineurs with a higher mean number of analgesics. Mean VAS, PedMIDAS, and total difficulty scores were higher in migraineurs, emotional problems were found increased in migraine. Headache is underestimated in pediatric population when probable diagnoses are not evaluated. The prevalence of primary headaches and the risk of chronic headaches are high in orphaned students, especially in older adolescent girls, and the effect of headache on daily life is evident.
{"title":"The prevalence and impact of primary headaches in orphaned children: a cross-sectional, observational study in a boarding school","authors":"Aslı Şentürk, Yasin Abanoz, Y. Abanoz, Öykü Şentürk, S. Saip","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2073416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2073416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The relationship between headache and stressful life events experienced in childhood has been found mostly associated with recurrent primary headaches and headache chronicity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, daily life impact of migraine and tension-type headache in orphaned children with low income in a boarding school. Four hundred and fifteen permanent boarders aged 12–17 years were evaluated using the Structured Headache Questionnaire, the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (PedMIDAS), the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Prevalence of primary headache was 59.8%; 24.1% for migraine; 35.7% for tension-type headache; 4.1% for chronic migraine; and 2.4% for chronic tension-type headache. Prevalence of probable diagnoses was found to be higher in early ages; however, definite diagnoses became more common with age. Sex distribution was affected by age in migraineurs. The most distinctive features separating migraine were high frequency, pain severity, throbbing/pounding nature, photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting, and aggravated by physical activity. Prodromal symptoms and triggering factors were more closely associated with migraine. Sleep was the most common method to relieve of headache, taking medicines was preferred more commonly in migraineurs with a higher mean number of analgesics. Mean VAS, PedMIDAS, and total difficulty scores were higher in migraineurs, emotional problems were found increased in migraine. Headache is underestimated in pediatric population when probable diagnoses are not evaluated. The prevalence of primary headaches and the risk of chronic headaches are high in orphaned students, especially in older adolescent girls, and the effect of headache on daily life is evident.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"30 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43530071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-06DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2073417
F. Hidayati, Nurul Hartini
ABSTRACT The body of evidence on mindful parenting has grown significantly over time, and this scoping review aims to examine the present literature that focuses on the determinants of mindful parenting among parents of adolescents. Seven databases were searched, as well as the reference lists of included studies. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were mapped using the scoping review approach. The existing studies show that there are three determinants of mindful parenting, which are parent characteristics, adolescent characteristics, and contextual characteristics. This scoping review underlines the need for more specifically tailored interventions for parents and adolescents that focuses on their modalities and interaction. Implications for developing countries are also discussed in this study.
{"title":"The determinants of mindful parenting in adolescence: a scoping review","authors":"F. Hidayati, Nurul Hartini","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2073417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2073417","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The body of evidence on mindful parenting has grown significantly over time, and this scoping review aims to examine the present literature that focuses on the determinants of mindful parenting among parents of adolescents. Seven databases were searched, as well as the reference lists of included studies. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were mapped using the scoping review approach. The existing studies show that there are three determinants of mindful parenting, which are parent characteristics, adolescent characteristics, and contextual characteristics. This scoping review underlines the need for more specifically tailored interventions for parents and adolescents that focuses on their modalities and interaction. Implications for developing countries are also discussed in this study.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"351 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45353223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-23DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2067382
E. Vargas-Barón, K. Diehl, J. Small
ABSTRACT Multisectoral national policies for early childhood development (ECD) have been developed since 1979, yet until now the number of countries adopting them has not been systematically documented. Numerous global declarations, including Education for All and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), have supported ECD policy planning. Selection and search criteria were established and applied to identify and classify multisectoral ECD policy documents. A descriptive study was conducted to assess historical trends in policy adoption, regional coverage, income levels, governance categories, and crisis countries. Policies were first developed in Colombia, and later in Namibia, South Africa, Mauritius and Maldives. By December 2019, 76 countries (39% of 197 countries worldwide) and one territory had adopted 125 multisectoral ECD policy instruments. Of them, 51% were policies; 37% strategies and/or action plans; 11% laws; and 7% regulatory documents. By 2010, 43 countries had adopted an ECD policy instrument, peaking in 2011 when 14 countries adopted policies. From 2012 to 2019, 29 countries adopted a policy. South Asia (88%), Latin America and the Caribbean (65%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (58%) lead policy development. Policies have been adopted by 53% of low-income countries and 55% of lower middle-income countries. Fewer upper middle-income countries (38%) and high-income countries (14%) have adopted an ECD policy. Previous research found that countries using participatory policy planning processes resulted in well-implemented ECD policies. The presence of a multisectoral ECD policy prepared in a participatory manner helps establish a strong enabling environment for expanding and improving ECD services. To attain SDG 4.2, additional lower- and middle-income countries, countries with emergencies, and authoritarian regimes should be prioritized for support. Finally, we recommend an indicator be established to identify the number of countries that have adopted ECD policies to help measure SDG 4.2. Key messages This study provides, for the first time, a criteria-based list of multisectoral national policies for early childhood development (ECD) in 76 countries (39% of 197 countries worldwide) and one territory and examines regional policy coverage and needs. Initial studies reveal the development, adoption, and implementation of multisectoral national ECD policies help expand ECD programs in countries. More technical assistance is needed to develop and implement ECD policies, especially in lower- and middle-income countries, including those with humanitarian emergencies and authoritarian regimes. A new SDG indicator for multisectoral national ECD policy development is recommended for future use. More research is required regarding policy impacts in relation to methods and processes of policy development, structures, key elements, and contents.
{"title":"Improving policy environments for infants and young children: global status of multisectoral national policies for early childhood development","authors":"E. Vargas-Barón, K. Diehl, J. Small","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2067382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2067382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Multisectoral national policies for early childhood development (ECD) have been developed since 1979, yet until now the number of countries adopting them has not been systematically documented. Numerous global declarations, including Education for All and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), have supported ECD policy planning. Selection and search criteria were established and applied to identify and classify multisectoral ECD policy documents. A descriptive study was conducted to assess historical trends in policy adoption, regional coverage, income levels, governance categories, and crisis countries. Policies were first developed in Colombia, and later in Namibia, South Africa, Mauritius and Maldives. By December 2019, 76 countries (39% of 197 countries worldwide) and one territory had adopted 125 multisectoral ECD policy instruments. Of them, 51% were policies; 37% strategies and/or action plans; 11% laws; and 7% regulatory documents. By 2010, 43 countries had adopted an ECD policy instrument, peaking in 2011 when 14 countries adopted policies. From 2012 to 2019, 29 countries adopted a policy. South Asia (88%), Latin America and the Caribbean (65%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (58%) lead policy development. Policies have been adopted by 53% of low-income countries and 55% of lower middle-income countries. Fewer upper middle-income countries (38%) and high-income countries (14%) have adopted an ECD policy. Previous research found that countries using participatory policy planning processes resulted in well-implemented ECD policies. The presence of a multisectoral ECD policy prepared in a participatory manner helps establish a strong enabling environment for expanding and improving ECD services. To attain SDG 4.2, additional lower- and middle-income countries, countries with emergencies, and authoritarian regimes should be prioritized for support. Finally, we recommend an indicator be established to identify the number of countries that have adopted ECD policies to help measure SDG 4.2. Key messages This study provides, for the first time, a criteria-based list of multisectoral national policies for early childhood development (ECD) in 76 countries (39% of 197 countries worldwide) and one territory and examines regional policy coverage and needs. Initial studies reveal the development, adoption, and implementation of multisectoral national ECD policies help expand ECD programs in countries. More technical assistance is needed to develop and implement ECD policies, especially in lower- and middle-income countries, including those with humanitarian emergencies and authoritarian regimes. A new SDG indicator for multisectoral national ECD policy development is recommended for future use. More research is required regarding policy impacts in relation to methods and processes of policy development, structures, key elements, and contents.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"193 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2058136
Salim Mandal, P. Chouhan
ABSTRACT The study aimed to estimate the relationship between childhood mortality and maternal age using bivariate association and logistic regression using the nationally representative data from India through NFHS-4 (2015–2016). The study reveals that the odds ratio of childhood mortality was comparatively higher among lower aged women (<20 years old) and aged women (30 years and more). The result depicted that childhood mortality was comparatively less among those women of 20–29 age groups and suggests raising maternal education to avoid child marriage and early marriage, not to plan a child at the upper age (>40 years old).
{"title":"How maternal age links to childhood mortality? A brief analysis from NFHS-4 (2015–2016), India","authors":"Salim Mandal, P. Chouhan","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2058136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2058136","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study aimed to estimate the relationship between childhood mortality and maternal age using bivariate association and logistic regression using the nationally representative data from India through NFHS-4 (2015–2016). The study reveals that the odds ratio of childhood mortality was comparatively higher among lower aged women (<20 years old) and aged women (30 years and more). The result depicted that childhood mortality was comparatively less among those women of 20–29 age groups and suggests raising maternal education to avoid child marriage and early marriage, not to plan a child at the upper age (>40 years old).","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"368 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46036317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2059127
S. Tan, S. Tan, Chin Xuan Tan
ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study aims to investigate physical activity, self-regulation in eating behaviour, and their associations with body weight trajectory during the COVID-19 nationwide lockdown (Movement Control Order, MCO) in Malaysia. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to assess physical activity and sitting time during the MCO. Self-regulation in eating behaviour was evaluated with the Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (SREBQ), while weight trajectory was self-reported by the respondents. Of the 200 young adults, 82.0% were reported to be physically active during the MCO, with a weekly physical activity intensity of 4551.16 ± 4744.89 MET-minute. Young adults in this study spent 8.63 ± 4.47 hours/day on sedentary activities during the MCO. It is also noted that the majority (71.0%) had medium self-regulation in eating behaviour during the lockdown, with a mean score of 3.08 ± 0.49. Slightly more than half of the young adults (57.0%) gained weight since the MCO enforcement, with an average weight increment of 1.28 ± 0.60 kg. Findings from the multinomial logistic regression suggested that self-regulation in eating behaviour was a significant predictor for weight trajectory during the MCO. Young adults who attained a higher score in SREBQ were more likely in sustained weight (AOR = 2.514, p = 0.024, CI: 1.129–5.597) and weight loss (AOR = 2.624, p = 0.011, CI: 1.250–5.507) categories. In conclusion, poor response to food cues (poor self-regulation in eating behaviour), but not physical inactivity, led to weight gain during the MCO in Malaysia.
{"title":"Poor self-regulation in eating behaviour during the COVID-19 lockdown contributes to weight gain among young adults in Malaysia","authors":"S. Tan, S. Tan, Chin Xuan Tan","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2059127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2059127","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study aims to investigate physical activity, self-regulation in eating behaviour, and their associations with body weight trajectory during the COVID-19 nationwide lockdown (Movement Control Order, MCO) in Malaysia. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to assess physical activity and sitting time during the MCO. Self-regulation in eating behaviour was evaluated with the Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (SREBQ), while weight trajectory was self-reported by the respondents. Of the 200 young adults, 82.0% were reported to be physically active during the MCO, with a weekly physical activity intensity of 4551.16 ± 4744.89 MET-minute. Young adults in this study spent 8.63 ± 4.47 hours/day on sedentary activities during the MCO. It is also noted that the majority (71.0%) had medium self-regulation in eating behaviour during the lockdown, with a mean score of 3.08 ± 0.49. Slightly more than half of the young adults (57.0%) gained weight since the MCO enforcement, with an average weight increment of 1.28 ± 0.60 kg. Findings from the multinomial logistic regression suggested that self-regulation in eating behaviour was a significant predictor for weight trajectory during the MCO. Young adults who attained a higher score in SREBQ were more likely in sustained weight (AOR = 2.514, p = 0.024, CI: 1.129–5.597) and weight loss (AOR = 2.624, p = 0.011, CI: 1.250–5.507) categories. In conclusion, poor response to food cues (poor self-regulation in eating behaviour), but not physical inactivity, led to weight gain during the MCO in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"210 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45358981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2022.2058135
M. N. Noor
ABSTRACT Violence against youth with diverse sexual and gender identities is an understudied area in Pakistan. This article explores how homeless gay and transgener youth (HGTY) experience multiple forms of violence and how social structural conditions produce contexts for violence against them. This study is based on qualitative interviews with fourteen HGTY, aged 16–25 years old. The interviews suggest that participants experienced multiple forms of violence simultaneously. Social structures like religion, ethnicity, and politics shaped broader cultural intolerance for sexual and/or gender diversity. Not being able to conform to social norms of gender and sexuality not only contributed to violence against participants but shaped their trajectories into homelessness and sex work. The ‘new’ identities of being homeless and being sex workers intersected with their gay and, trans identities, exacerbating their vulnerability. The findings indicate that there is an urgent need for law supportive of sexuality and gender diverse youth to mitigate experiences of violence.
{"title":"Violence against homeless gay and transgender youth in Pakistan – a short report","authors":"M. N. Noor","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2058135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2058135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Violence against youth with diverse sexual and gender identities is an understudied area in Pakistan. This article explores how homeless gay and transgener youth (HGTY) experience multiple forms of violence and how social structural conditions produce contexts for violence against them. This study is based on qualitative interviews with fourteen HGTY, aged 16–25 years old. The interviews suggest that participants experienced multiple forms of violence simultaneously. Social structures like religion, ethnicity, and politics shaped broader cultural intolerance for sexual and/or gender diversity. Not being able to conform to social norms of gender and sexuality not only contributed to violence against participants but shaped their trajectories into homelessness and sex work. The ‘new’ identities of being homeless and being sex workers intersected with their gay and, trans identities, exacerbating their vulnerability. The findings indicate that there is an urgent need for law supportive of sexuality and gender diverse youth to mitigate experiences of violence.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"159 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44351549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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