Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community最新文献

Guidance on psychosocial-spiritual care for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) is limited. Through a descriptive phenomenological analysis of interviews with interdisciplinary professionals, chart documentation, and input of a practicing homeless palliative care (HPC) social worker, this study provides exploratory guidance on administering psychosocial-spiritual care in a street outreach-based setting. Analysis produced four themes: (1) Building intimacy and consistency, which illustrates strategies for meaningfully meeting client need; (2) Assessment and treatment planning, in which providers' knowledge of their client helps tailor the care plan; (3) Widening the lens for stationary service practitioners, which demonstrates how providers must reframe traditional understandings of care teams to support continual client care; (4) Psychosocial-spiritual intervention, in which practitioners proactively prepare to support client's relational needs and meaning-making. Implications for this exploratory research includes future directions for adapting best practices for psychosocial-spiritual end-of-life interventions and developing models of care that begin to fill structural gaps in care.

Mental health services have traditionally found men a difficult group to reach. Many men are reluctant to seek help when their mental health declines, often feeling stigmatized and responsible for their symptoms. Most men view conventional mental health support as feminized and unhelpful, preferring the company of other men to help support their mental wellbeing. This research used focus group methods to explore the experiences of 24 men who attended four different nonclinical community based mental health support services held in public spaces. The spaces described in the study were a public house, a football stadium, a sports center and village hall. Our findings demonstrate the importance of offering a range of male community spaces with welcoming environments where men can encounter positive masculine role models. These types of environments encourage men to challenge their own attitudes and behaviors around help seeking and mental wellbeing. We suggested the following areas for policy development; referral pathways; male friendly mental health spaces; and multi-tiered group support and digital peer support platforms.

Urban populations increasingly face psychological stress due to fast-paced lifestyles, environmental stimulation, long work hours, traffic congestion, and noise pollution. Scalable digital mental health and telehealth stress-management interventions are therefore essential to improve psychological well-being and resilience. This randomized controlled trial evaluated a telerehabilitation-based Positive Psychological Intervention (PPI) designed for young urban adults. The remote program incorporated evidence-based mindfulness training, gratitude exercises, and strength-based positive psychology strategies. A total of 406 participants aged 21-35 years in Chennai with baseline Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) scores of 14-40 were equally assigned to experimental (telerehabilitation PPI) and control (telerehabilitation Benson Relaxation Technique) groups. Sessions were delivered for 1.5 hours per day, three days weekly, over 12 weeks. Outcomes assessed using salivary cortisol biomarkers and PSS-10 showed significant stress reduction in both groups. These findings highlight telerehabilitation as an effective e-mental health, remote stress-reduction, and urban mental-wellness strategy supporting accessible telehealth-based psychological care.

Youth-serving providers (YSP) and community members (CM) working with trauma-exposed youth often face challenges implementing evidence-based, trauma-informed practices. Understanding the mechanisms that promote best practice uptake and addressing barriers to implementation readiness is critical. Guided by the Socioecological Model (SEM) and implementation science frameworks, this study examined pathways from training participant roles to the use of five best practices for community violence prevention via community violence exposure (CVE) and organizational practices (OP). A parallel multiple mediation model using maximum likelihood estimation with bootstrapping was conducted on 1,295 participants (67.6% female; mean age = 37.1 years, SD = 11.8) across roles (community members, mental health clinicians [clinician], child-focused professionals [CFP], and justice professionals [JP]). Key findings revealed: (a) training participant roles were distinctively associated with use of best practices; (b) roles predicted differences in CVE and OP, with CVE positively associated with all practices; (c) both CVE and OP significantly mediated these relationships; (d) CVE consistently mediated the link between roles and all practices, while OP had mixed effects, reducing practice use for clinicians but enhancing it for CFP and JP. This study uniquely identifies pre-training best practices already in use, emphasizing the importance of addressing CVE and OP to enhance training outcomes. By demonstrating that pre-training differences vary by role, CVE, and OP, this study underscores the need for contextually tailored training and capacity-building efforts. Implications for training and study limitations are discussed.

Latino/as in the US face disadvantages related to the social-ecological environment in which they live, contributing to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Despite these challenges, Latino/as demonstrate protective factors that may buffer the effects of a high stress burden and lead to more positive health outcomes. Resilience measurements can often lack cultural specificity, a critical component to understanding social mechanisms that may contribute to health in this population. This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Inventario de Resiliencia (IRES), a Spanish-language resilience instrument developed in Mexico. The study utilized data from a community-based-participatory research study in the border town of South Yuma, Arizona (N = 282). Resilience was measured at time points over one year, alongside assessments of self-rated health, social connectedness, psychological distress, and perceived ecological stress. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed at each time point to confirm the latent structure of resilience. To assess whether participants responded similarly to the IRES over time, a confirmatory factor analytic model was used to test for the invariance of factor covariance, mean, and residual variance structures across the time points. Cronbach's Alpha, Pearson product-moment and Kendall's Tau correlations were used to assess construct validity, and reliability. Findings demonstrated that IRES has excellent internal consistency, the structure of the original scale fit well with the data, and the IRES exhibited strong invariance across time. Test-retest reliability and construct validity were established by convergent and discriminant validity. This study establishes and supports the use of the IRES as a reliable and valid tool for measuring resilience in U.S. Latino/a populations. These findings underscore the importance of culturally tailored instruments in research and suggest that a more nuanced understanding of resilience can be leveraged to inform interventions and policies aimed at reducing health disparities in minority populations.

Medical respite is a form of residential convalescent care providing aftercare services to individuals experiencing unsheltered homelessness and housing instability. Little research examines how residential convalescent care affects people following acute-care hospitalization. This study of an urban medical respite program used qualitative interviews with ten respite facility clients as its primary source of data. Additional descriptive information was obtained through a quantitative examination of client data (N = 103). Findings suggest that before hospitalization, patients utilizing respite care originate in unstable, tumultuous, and often violently dangerous environments. From clients' perspectives, it is therefore critically important that the studied aftercare program provides a predictably safe recuperative setting. Findings are discussed in terms of ontological security: By reducing homelessness and housing instability-related ontological insecurity-anxiety and feelings of ill-being caused by a lack of environmental constancy, privacy, and safety-both physical and mental health can improve.

Utilizing a resiliency-informed perspective and restorative approaches, the purpose of this work is to offer counterstories of marginalized women that center their strengths as well as capacities to create and highlights the importance of embodiment and imagination in the process of re-storying. The sample size ranged from 3 to 6 incarcerated women during each session, for 10 sessions in total, at the Santa Barbara County Jail, and the inquiry explored asked "How might imagination play a role in the prison industrial complex schema abolition as a liberatory possibility?" The Realms of ACEs' Adverse Childhood Experiences model (2023) was also utilized to contextualize the women's intergenerational traumas and experiences of oppression from a familial, community, and environmental level. With the dissemination of these findings, I hope to broaden the scope for who it reaches to offer alternative methodologies that could be used in other jails, environments, or conditions of imprisonment.

While research has shown self-beliefs influence recovery from substance use disorder, beliefs about the external world may also be important when considering recovery capital, or the sum of resources an individual can draw upon to sustain their recovery. Rooted in key concepts of positive psychology and community psychology, recovery capital offers an asset-based framework for understanding recovery as a process of growth to achieve flourishing. This study investigates the role of primal world beliefs, a taxonomy of fundamental beliefs about the world, as they relate to recovery capital in individuals recovering from substance use disorder. Primal world beliefs, also originating in the positive psychological tradition, offer a way to examine how beliefs about the world shape access to recovery-supportive resources. Utilizing a sample of Oxford House, Inc. employees (Baseline n = 132), this 6-month study assessed whether Safe, Enticing, and Alive primal world beliefs influence recovery capital. The findings reveal that Safe and Enticing world beliefs are associated with higher recovery capital, with Enticing world belief showing a stronger association. Additionally, the Alive world belief was found to moderate the relationship between spirituality and recovery capital. These results suggest that primal world beliefs shape perceptions of available recovery resources, with the Enticing belief emerging as a critical factor. This study contributes to the understanding of recovery by highlighting the role of beliefs about the world in accumulating resources essential for recovery, offering potential avenues for understanding the mechanisms underlying community-based substance use disorder interventions.

Schools are a critical developmental context for adolescents that can, depending on certain characteristics, do a better or worse job at promoting student resilience and well-being. In working to meet student needs and respond to student behaviors, schools can exhibit more punitive characteristics, like exclusionary discipline practices, or more promotive characteristics, including restorative practices and marshaling of mental health resources. While punitive factors have been associated with more negative outcomes, especially for marginalized students, and promotive factors have been associated with more positive outcomes for students, these factors have rarely been considered together. We conducted an online survey of students from high schools in the Midwest. Students rated their experiences of various promotive and punitive characteristics at their schools, as well as their sense of the school climate-perceived safety, fairness, and belonging. Promotive factors uniquely and positively predicted climate outcomes, eclipsing any effect of punitive factors. Further, while main effects indicated differences across racial groups in perceptions of school climate, there were no racial group differences in the impact of promotive factors on these climate perceptions. When exploring different promotive elements, support from teachers and staff, as well as available resources and mental health resources had the largest predictive effects on climate outcomes for students. We discuss implications for how educators and policy makers can leverage such promotive characteristics to create equitable contexts for all students to flourish.