Abstract:A graffito (CIL 4.4533) from a Pompeian carpentry workshop (VI.14.37) describes a knight as born Roman between a beet and a cabbage. This paper explores the graffito's possible meanings by reviewing the ways these vegetables have been featured in discourse regarding agriculture, dining, parties, and metaphors or characters and posits that they were initially featured in a positive light. In later discussions, however, these humble vegetables not only signified poverty, but also the deterioration of traditional Roman values. The paper then considers the graffito's significance in the context of a carpentry workshop in a town under the Roman Empire.
{"title":"Born Roman Between a Beet and a Cabbage","authors":"C. Cheung","doi":"10.1353/ajp.2021.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2021.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A graffito (CIL 4.4533) from a Pompeian carpentry workshop (VI.14.37) describes a knight as born Roman between a beet and a cabbage. This paper explores the graffito's possible meanings by reviewing the ways these vegetables have been featured in discourse regarding agriculture, dining, parties, and metaphors or characters and posits that they were initially featured in a positive light. In later discussions, however, these humble vegetables not only signified poverty, but also the deterioration of traditional Roman values. The paper then considers the graffito's significance in the context of a carpentry workshop in a town under the Roman Empire.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"659 - 697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45022539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article reframes the cultic prohibition of sound in Homeric Hymn to Demeter 478–9 as an emic model for understanding sonic encounter with the divine in early Greek epic. It argues that these lines represent divine resonance, that is, the experience of divine sound, according to the themes of space, knowledge, and affect. This framework guides three close readings: Penelope and the eidôlon (Od. 4.830–4), Talthybios and the boar (Il. 19.249–68), and Agamemnon and the false dream (Il. 2.35–41). In these readings, the model not only enriches interpretation but also reveals that passages of varying lengths can operate as nonlinear resonant circuits in which divine resonance anticipates divine revelation.
{"title":"Divine Resonance in Early Greek Epic: Space, Knowledge, Affect","authors":"S. Sansom","doi":"10.1353/ajp.2021.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2021.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article reframes the cultic prohibition of sound in Homeric Hymn to Demeter 478–9 as an emic model for understanding sonic encounter with the divine in early Greek epic. It argues that these lines represent divine resonance, that is, the experience of divine sound, according to the themes of space, knowledge, and affect. This framework guides three close readings: Penelope and the eidôlon (Od. 4.830–4), Talthybios and the boar (Il. 19.249–68), and Agamemnon and the false dream (Il. 2.35–41). In these readings, the model not only enriches interpretation but also reveals that passages of varying lengths can operate as nonlinear resonant circuits in which divine resonance anticipates divine revelation.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"535 - 569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45643963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward Nolan, D. Freas, S. Sansom, Afroditi Angelopoulou, C. Cheung
Abstract:This article examines the relationship between Herodotus' observations about languages that change through contact with each other and modern understandings of these phenomena. Concepts invoked include imperfect learning, diglossia, linguistic convergence, mixed languages, borrowing, and language death. Not only does Herodotus appear to describe (if sometimes vaguely) real phenomena, but there is frequently external evidence for language contact in the geographic and cultural areas that he describes. Herodotus emerges as an author capable of treating language in sophisticated ways, both as a tool and as a subject of study in its own right.
{"title":"About the Journal","authors":"Edward Nolan, D. Freas, S. Sansom, Afroditi Angelopoulou, C. Cheung","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmab103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/lmab103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the relationship between Herodotus' observations about languages that change through contact with each other and modern understandings of these phenomena. Concepts invoked include imperfect learning, diglossia, linguistic convergence, mixed languages, borrowing, and language death. Not only does Herodotus appear to describe (if sometimes vaguely) real phenomena, but there is frequently external evidence for language contact in the geographic and cultural areas that he describes. Herodotus emerges as an author capable of treating language in sophisticated ways, both as a tool and as a subject of study in its own right.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"535 - 569 - 571 - 596 - 597 - 627 - 629 - 658 - 659 - 697 - iii - iii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42259996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article reconfigures the Lucianic Erōtes as an outstanding testimony to the early reception of Achilles Tatius' Leucippe and Clitophon, predating all other early examples of sophisticated readership. The analysis demonstrates the author's extensive remodelling of the novelist's technique of proleptic ekphrasis, and uses it to tease out the literary implications, so far undetected, of the characters' debate on sex preferences. By proposing an evolutionary theory of imitation and putting it into practice, the author inserted the novel in literary history.
{"title":"Decoding the Erōtes: Reception of Achilles Tatius and the Modernity of the Greek Novel","authors":"Nicolò D’Alconzo","doi":"10.1353/ajp.2021.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2021.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article reconfigures the Lucianic Erōtes as an outstanding testimony to the early reception of Achilles Tatius' Leucippe and Clitophon, predating all other early examples of sophisticated readership. The analysis demonstrates the author's extensive remodelling of the novelist's technique of proleptic ekphrasis, and uses it to tease out the literary implications, so far undetected, of the characters' debate on sex preferences. By proposing an evolutionary theory of imitation and putting it into practice, the author inserted the novel in literary history.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"461 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43378274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
for his contribution to scholarship in “The Margins of Satire: Suetonius, Satura, and Scholarly Outsiders in Ancient Rome,” AJP 141.4 (Winter 2020): 575–601. In this article Uden explores the grammatici of the Imperial period and their relationship to satire as portrayed in Suetonius’ De Grammaticis et Rhetoribus. As school teachers, scholars, and intellectuals on the fringes of society (many were born into slavery and/or were outsiders to Rome), the grammatici occupy a paradoxical position in relation to the literature they oversee, emerging as both cultural insiders and sub-elite targets of mockery. Yet Uden also shows how these grammatici adopt the masks and strategies of satirical discourse for themselves, by authoring attacks on others as well as cultivating abject and isolated personas in their own self-presentation. Through a careful reading of the fragments and anecdotes of the grammatici recorded by Suetonius in the DGR (at one point examined in relation to Juvenal Satire 7), Uden asks us to rethink our understanding of the genre of hexametric satura by including those critics who claim a stake on its margins. In their position as mocking misfits, the grammatici can be understood as doubles or “photo-negatives” for the satirical poets. They appear in Suetonius’ record as figures who openly admit and even cultivate their status as social and economic outsiders. Uden draws illuminating parallels with Edward Said’s portrait of the modern scholar as a “voluntary exile” and Aaron Lecklider’s “egghead” theory that charts the ambivalent and suspicious conception of the intellectual in the United States since the 1950s. In all three cases, the role of the critic is fashioned or self-fashioned as unsettling or dangerous to the status quo. In the case of the Roman grammatici, that subversion falls within a decidedly satirical framework. By adopting an original and cohesive approach to a text that is often consulted only for reference, Uden builds a far-reaching argument about the relationship between hexametric satura and the wider, sub-elite field of critical and satirical speech, as he also offers a method of reading for and from the social and literary margins in Rome.
{"title":"The AJP Best Article Prize for 2020 has been Presented by the American Journal of Philology to James Uden Boston University","authors":"William M. Breichner","doi":"10.1353/ajp.2021.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2021.0011","url":null,"abstract":"for his contribution to scholarship in “The Margins of Satire: Suetonius, Satura, and Scholarly Outsiders in Ancient Rome,” AJP 141.4 (Winter 2020): 575–601. In this article Uden explores the grammatici of the Imperial period and their relationship to satire as portrayed in Suetonius’ De Grammaticis et Rhetoribus. As school teachers, scholars, and intellectuals on the fringes of society (many were born into slavery and/or were outsiders to Rome), the grammatici occupy a paradoxical position in relation to the literature they oversee, emerging as both cultural insiders and sub-elite targets of mockery. Yet Uden also shows how these grammatici adopt the masks and strategies of satirical discourse for themselves, by authoring attacks on others as well as cultivating abject and isolated personas in their own self-presentation. Through a careful reading of the fragments and anecdotes of the grammatici recorded by Suetonius in the DGR (at one point examined in relation to Juvenal Satire 7), Uden asks us to rethink our understanding of the genre of hexametric satura by including those critics who claim a stake on its margins. In their position as mocking misfits, the grammatici can be understood as doubles or “photo-negatives” for the satirical poets. They appear in Suetonius’ record as figures who openly admit and even cultivate their status as social and economic outsiders. Uden draws illuminating parallels with Edward Said’s portrait of the modern scholar as a “voluntary exile” and Aaron Lecklider’s “egghead” theory that charts the ambivalent and suspicious conception of the intellectual in the United States since the 1950s. In all three cases, the role of the critic is fashioned or self-fashioned as unsettling or dangerous to the status quo. In the case of the Roman grammatici, that subversion falls within a decidedly satirical framework. By adopting an original and cohesive approach to a text that is often consulted only for reference, Uden builds a far-reaching argument about the relationship between hexametric satura and the wider, sub-elite field of critical and satirical speech, as he also offers a method of reading for and from the social and literary margins in Rome.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"v - v"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47078524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article argues that a letter attributed to the Jesuit missionary and chronicler Blas Valera, sometimes dated to 1618, was written in the 20th century. A study of the Latin text shows that it is a patchwork of literary sources, including Petronius' Satyricon, the letters of Politian, a treatise by the Renaissance philosopher Marsilio Ficino and Dante's Latin essays and letters. Linguistic analysis, source criticism and the transmission of those sources, particularly Petronius and Dante, show that Exsul Immeritus is inauthentic and date the forgery, on those grounds, to the second half of the 20th century.
{"title":"Dissecting a Forgery: Petronius, Dante, and the Incas","authors":"Erika Valdivieso","doi":"10.1353/ajp.2021.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2021.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article argues that a letter attributed to the Jesuit missionary and chronicler Blas Valera, sometimes dated to 1618, was written in the 20th century. A study of the Latin text shows that it is a patchwork of literary sources, including Petronius' Satyricon, the letters of Politian, a treatise by the Renaissance philosopher Marsilio Ficino and Dante's Latin essays and letters. Linguistic analysis, source criticism and the transmission of those sources, particularly Petronius and Dante, show that Exsul Immeritus is inauthentic and date the forgery, on those grounds, to the second half of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"493 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42481234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:A number of foundational narratives of archaic Greek culture revolve around courtship competitions in which a multitude of suitors subject themselves to a fierce, often deadly, competition for the hand of one woman. Most retellings of these stories focus on the competition and its outcome, a marriage that typically confirms, and occasionally upsets, the dynastic ambitions and power alliances of the bride's male guardian. Conversely, they offer no more than glimpses of the anxieties brought about by courtship competitions—from the rivalry and jealousy between the competing suitors to the question of the bride's own desire and her interest in the contest's outcome. As this article shows, however, it is the comico-satyrical traditions that fill the gap by providing an explicit, if skewed, commentary which subverts the "official" version. The focus here is on the courtships of Helen, Penelope, and Agariste; it is argued that this last case (Herodotus 6.126–131.1) confronts the "official" account of the courtship with its satyric double. Courtship narratives are thus shown to reveal not just a way of representing social and political practice, but also the anxieties and social dangers which elite narratives suppress.
{"title":"Courtship and its Discontents in Greek Literature","authors":"Rebecca Laemmle","doi":"10.1353/ajp.2021.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2021.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A number of foundational narratives of archaic Greek culture revolve around courtship competitions in which a multitude of suitors subject themselves to a fierce, often deadly, competition for the hand of one woman. Most retellings of these stories focus on the competition and its outcome, a marriage that typically confirms, and occasionally upsets, the dynastic ambitions and power alliances of the bride's male guardian. Conversely, they offer no more than glimpses of the anxieties brought about by courtship competitions—from the rivalry and jealousy between the competing suitors to the question of the bride's own desire and her interest in the contest's outcome. As this article shows, however, it is the comico-satyrical traditions that fill the gap by providing an explicit, if skewed, commentary which subverts the \"official\" version. The focus here is on the courtships of Helen, Penelope, and Agariste; it is argued that this last case (Herodotus 6.126–131.1) confronts the \"official\" account of the courtship with its satyric double. Courtship narratives are thus shown to reveal not just a way of representing social and political practice, but also the anxieties and social dangers which elite narratives suppress.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"343 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45654909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article challenges the idea, presented by both ancient and modern writers, that the armies of the Middle Republic were governed by a clearly articulated ideology of discipline. I contend that the notion of an all-encompassing system of military discipline is a fiction created by a variety of interconnected and historically-constructed intellectual genealogies by examining the two most important sources for the discipline of Middle Republican army, Polybius and Livy, and the reception of their ideas in post-Renaissance Europe.
{"title":"Deconstructing Disciplina: Disentangling Ancient and Modern Ideologies of Military Discipline in the Middle Republic","authors":"D. Machado","doi":"10.1353/ajp.2021.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2021.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article challenges the idea, presented by both ancient and modern writers, that the armies of the Middle Republic were governed by a clearly articulated ideology of discipline. I contend that the notion of an all-encompassing system of military discipline is a fiction created by a variety of interconnected and historically-constructed intellectual genealogies by examining the two most important sources for the discipline of Middle Republican army, Polybius and Livy, and the reception of their ideas in post-Renaissance Europe.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"387 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48329071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article reexamines the function of the topos opportunitas mortis ("the timeliness of death") in Seneca's Consolation to Marcia. I argue that Seneca does not use this consolatory topos in a purely conventional way, but rather in order to advance a complex and philosophically dynamic persuasive strategy. In particular, close attention to the recurrence of the topos in the final part of the work allows us to follow Seneca's manipulation of both Epicurean and Stoic philosophical principles for the purpose of consoling Marcia. The use of principles from both schools reveals Seneca's pedagogically sensitive approach to philosophical therapy in the Consolation.
{"title":"\"We Fortunate Souls\": Timely Death and Philosophical Therapy in Seneca's Consolation to Marcia","authors":"J. L. Zainaldin","doi":"10.1353/ajp.2021.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2021.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article reexamines the function of the topos opportunitas mortis (\"the timeliness of death\") in Seneca's Consolation to Marcia. I argue that Seneca does not use this consolatory topos in a purely conventional way, but rather in order to advance a complex and philosophically dynamic persuasive strategy. In particular, close attention to the recurrence of the topos in the final part of the work allows us to follow Seneca's manipulation of both Epicurean and Stoic philosophical principles for the purpose of consoling Marcia. The use of principles from both schools reveals Seneca's pedagogically sensitive approach to philosophical therapy in the Consolation.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"425 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47350110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article explores uncertainty in Claudian's late Antique Latin epic, the De Raptu Proserpinae. It first focuses upon the areas of artistic provisionality, rhetorical inconsistency, and indeterminacy, and then compares and contrasts Claudian's political poetry. It suggests that the mythological De Raptu can be read as an acknowledgment of, and detached reflection upon, the uncertainties Claudian would have been familiar with as one involved in politics and as a client poet.
{"title":"The Uncertainties of Claudian's De Raptu Proserpinae","authors":"R. Parkes","doi":"10.1353/AJP.2021.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/AJP.2021.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores uncertainty in Claudian's late Antique Latin epic, the De Raptu Proserpinae. It first focuses upon the areas of artistic provisionality, rhetorical inconsistency, and indeterminacy, and then compares and contrasts Claudian's political poetry. It suggests that the mythological De Raptu can be read as an acknowledgment of, and detached reflection upon, the uncertainties Claudian would have been familiar with as one involved in politics and as a client poet.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"319 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/AJP.2021.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46078376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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