Abstract:In Books 9 and 10 of the Odyssey, Odysseus' companions promote the equal distribution of the spoils of their return voyage. This article argues that, as part of their commitment to social equality, the companions experiment with egalitarian modes of spectatorship and dining during the Aeolus and Lotus episodes. In these aesthetic encounters, the companions subvert Odysseus' position as the focus and focalizer of the narrative. The companions thus serve as an internal audience, figuring for the poem's external audiences an alternative form of narrative experience that resists the poem's centripetal orientation around the homecoming of a single, elite protagonist.
{"title":"The Politics of Aesthetic Experience in Odysseus' Apologoi","authors":"Ben Radcliffe","doi":"10.1353/AJP.2021.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/AJP.2021.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Books 9 and 10 of the Odyssey, Odysseus' companions promote the equal distribution of the spoils of their return voyage. This article argues that, as part of their commitment to social equality, the companions experiment with egalitarian modes of spectatorship and dining during the Aeolus and Lotus episodes. In these aesthetic encounters, the companions subvert Odysseus' position as the focus and focalizer of the narrative. The companions thus serve as an internal audience, figuring for the poem's external audiences an alternative form of narrative experience that resists the poem's centripetal orientation around the homecoming of a single, elite protagonist.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"67 1","pages":"177 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/AJP.2021.0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66962038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay analyzes a series of close verbal echoes in descriptions of violence against slaves and violence against the female beloved in Book 1 of Ovid's Amores. Poems 1.5 and 1.7 describe sexualized violence against Corinna, while poems 1.6 and 1.8 threaten violence against a chained ianitor and a dependent retired courtesan. This arrangement juxtaposes the vulnerable body of the beloved puella with the vulnerable bodies of her social inferiors and therefore, I argue, works to highlight the elegiac woman's embodied vulnerability in comparison with the corporal and social mastery of the elegiac speaker.
{"title":"Violence and Vulnerability in Ovid's Amores 1.5–8","authors":"Katherine R. De Boer","doi":"10.1353/ajp.2021.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2021.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay analyzes a series of close verbal echoes in descriptions of violence against slaves and violence against the female beloved in Book 1 of Ovid's Amores. Poems 1.5 and 1.7 describe sexualized violence against Corinna, while poems 1.6 and 1.8 threaten violence against a chained ianitor and a dependent retired courtesan. This arrangement juxtaposes the vulnerable body of the beloved puella with the vulnerable bodies of her social inferiors and therefore, I argue, works to highlight the elegiac woman's embodied vulnerability in comparison with the corporal and social mastery of the elegiac speaker.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"259 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ajp.2021.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45661414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article revisits a topic of major importance in the study of ancient Greek historiography: Herodotus' use of inscriptions—a significant group of textual sources in his Histories. The analysis centres on his decidedly varied application of epigraphic records. It shows how the Herodotean narrator sometimes looks to draw out the limitations of certain inscribed materials as accurate records of the past, which thus serve as a foil for his own commemorative writing. But the discussion also investigates ways in which inscriptions serve other, more positive ends in Herodotus' narrative, not least by functioning as a further form of proof and validation for some of his more controversial ideas, or by serving to underline a theme that recurs elsewhere in his text.
{"title":"The Use(s) of Inscriptions in Herodotus' Histories","authors":"Jan Haywood","doi":"10.1353/AJP.2021.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/AJP.2021.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article revisits a topic of major importance in the study of ancient Greek historiography: Herodotus' use of inscriptions—a significant group of textual sources in his Histories. The analysis centres on his decidedly varied application of epigraphic records. It shows how the Herodotean narrator sometimes looks to draw out the limitations of certain inscribed materials as accurate records of the past, which thus serve as a foil for his own commemorative writing. But the discussion also investigates ways in which inscriptions serve other, more positive ends in Herodotus' narrative, not least by functioning as a further form of proof and validation for some of his more controversial ideas, or by serving to underline a theme that recurs elsewhere in his text.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"217 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/AJP.2021.0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47373989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper studies the vocabulary of advantage, exchange, and loss in Ovid's Ars Amatoria, which stands apart from the rest of the Ovidian corpus (and from the rest of Roman erotic elegy) in its special, systematic handling of these words. Philological analysis of utor and related terms shows that the praeceptor amoris of Ars, importing language of commerce and profit into his teaching, contradicts his supposed intent of creating durable romantic relationships. To establish the unique treatment of this lexicon in Ars Amatoria, I analyze the employment of these terms across the genre of Latin elegy and across the remainder of Ovid's poetic output. Through systematic usage of terms such as usus and damnum, profit and loss, Ars Amatoria strips the elegiac relationship down to its material, commercial basis: the praeceptor amoris is teaching not the art of love, but the business of getting free sex from sex-laborers. The lexicon becomes a means of destabilizing the speaker's surface-level occupation with enduring romantic liaisons—of demystifying the elegiac relation and demonstrating that it is, at heart, an exchange of money for sex. The poet highlights the commercial exchange between meretrix and amator, ultimately giving the lie to the traditional emotional/affective façade of elegiac relationships. This lexical study additionally offers new insights into a number of Ars-like moments in Ovid's poetry after Ars.
{"title":"The Lexicon of Profit and Commerce in Ovid's Ars Amatoria and Other Works","authors":"T. Gellar-Goad","doi":"10.1353/AJP.2021.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/AJP.2021.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper studies the vocabulary of advantage, exchange, and loss in Ovid's Ars Amatoria, which stands apart from the rest of the Ovidian corpus (and from the rest of Roman erotic elegy) in its special, systematic handling of these words. Philological analysis of utor and related terms shows that the praeceptor amoris of Ars, importing language of commerce and profit into his teaching, contradicts his supposed intent of creating durable romantic relationships. To establish the unique treatment of this lexicon in Ars Amatoria, I analyze the employment of these terms across the genre of Latin elegy and across the remainder of Ovid's poetic output. Through systematic usage of terms such as usus and damnum, profit and loss, Ars Amatoria strips the elegiac relationship down to its material, commercial basis: the praeceptor amoris is teaching not the art of love, but the business of getting free sex from sex-laborers. The lexicon becomes a means of destabilizing the speaker's surface-level occupation with enduring romantic liaisons—of demystifying the elegiac relation and demonstrating that it is, at heart, an exchange of money for sex. The poet highlights the commercial exchange between meretrix and amator, ultimately giving the lie to the traditional emotional/affective façade of elegiac relationships. This lexical study additionally offers new insights into a number of Ars-like moments in Ovid's poetry after Ars.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"287 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/AJP.2021.0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44897714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Why does Apuleius reference Pythagoras at the opening of the Metamorphoses' final book? Drawing on Pythagoreanism's importance to Plutarch and Apuleius, I suggest that Pythagoras signals Book 11's overarching theme and tone. Thematically, Apuleius uses Pythagorean metempsychosis to connect Lucius' quest for recognition as a human in asinine "form" (figura) with his later inability to access Isiac wisdom hidden by hieroglyphic animal "characters" (figurae). Tonally, Apuleius builds on the ambiguity of parody and sincerity in Pythagoras' speech in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Couched in a set of Egyptian and Pythagorean topoi, Lucius' reinterpretation of his metamorphic adventures hovers between profundity and absurdity.
{"title":"\"Characterizing\" Lucius: Pythagoreanism and the Figura in Apuleius' Metamorphoses","authors":"Edward Kelting","doi":"10.1353/AJP.2021.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/AJP.2021.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Why does Apuleius reference Pythagoras at the opening of the Metamorphoses' final book? Drawing on Pythagoreanism's importance to Plutarch and Apuleius, I suggest that Pythagoras signals Book 11's overarching theme and tone. Thematically, Apuleius uses Pythagorean metempsychosis to connect Lucius' quest for recognition as a human in asinine \"form\" (figura) with his later inability to access Isiac wisdom hidden by hieroglyphic animal \"characters\" (figurae). Tonally, Apuleius builds on the ambiguity of parody and sincerity in Pythagoras' speech in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Couched in a set of Egyptian and Pythagorean topoi, Lucius' reinterpretation of his metamorphic adventures hovers between profundity and absurdity.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"103 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/AJP.2021.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44764571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper offers a new reading of Sappho's Tithonus Poem as a theory of choreia as (among other things) a distinctive technology of time. It focuses on the way the poem mobilizes animals linked to musical aetiologies to conjure a series of different choral assemblages that enable the dissolution of the individual ego into an impersonal or supra-personal form of immortality or persistence. The evocation of different musical animals (the tortoise of the opening couplet and the dancing fawns of line 6) primes the audience to recognize the likely resonance at the end of Sappho's song of the story that the eternally aging Tithonus became the singing cicada. In the poem's representation, these musical animals are not isolated, but cooperatively entangled with other beings or groups. These ensembles serve, in turn, as models for the conjunction of the aging ego/singer and the chorus of paides addressed, to figure the distinctive ontologies and temporality of the choral collective.
{"title":"Musical Animals, Choral Assemblages, and Choral Temporality in Sappho's Tithonus Poem (fr. 58)","authors":"L. Kurke","doi":"10.1353/AJP.2021.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/AJP.2021.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper offers a new reading of Sappho's Tithonus Poem as a theory of choreia as (among other things) a distinctive technology of time. It focuses on the way the poem mobilizes animals linked to musical aetiologies to conjure a series of different choral assemblages that enable the dissolution of the individual ego into an impersonal or supra-personal form of immortality or persistence. The evocation of different musical animals (the tortoise of the opening couplet and the dancing fawns of line 6) primes the audience to recognize the likely resonance at the end of Sappho's song of the story that the eternally aging Tithonus became the singing cicada. In the poem's representation, these musical animals are not isolated, but cooperatively entangled with other beings or groups. These ensembles serve, in turn, as models for the conjunction of the aging ego/singer and the chorus of paides addressed, to figure the distinctive ontologies and temporality of the choral collective.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"1 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/AJP.2021.0000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42688118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Ancient rhetorical theorists described figured speech (oratio figurata) as a strategy for expressing criticism safely, through a screen of ambiguity. I argue that Cicero's Pro Balbo can be read as figured, communicating criticism of Pompey. Cicero's panegyric to Pompey in this speech would have appeared to be factually accurate and commendable to pro-Pompeian members of the audience, but factually wrong or even insincere to anti-Pompeians. Multiple readings of Cicero's intentions are latent as possible interpretations of the speech because of political divisions and divergent prejudices at the time of its delivery.
{"title":"Divided Audience and Figured Speech in Cicero's Pro Balbo","authors":"Joanna Kenty","doi":"10.1353/AJP.2021.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/AJP.2021.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Ancient rhetorical theorists described figured speech (oratio figurata) as a strategy for expressing criticism safely, through a screen of ambiguity. I argue that Cicero's Pro Balbo can be read as figured, communicating criticism of Pompey. Cicero's panegyric to Pompey in this speech would have appeared to be factually accurate and commendable to pro-Pompeian members of the audience, but factually wrong or even insincere to anti-Pompeians. Multiple readings of Cicero's intentions are latent as possible interpretations of the speech because of political divisions and divergent prejudices at the time of its delivery.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"101 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/AJP.2021.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48065788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper argues that Philostratus' ecphrasis of a painting of "mad Hercules" killing his children (Imagines 2.23)—a subject-matter almost unattested in archaeology—is best understood via the epistemological debates between the Stoics and the Academic sceptics. First, I suggest that the ecphrasis visualises Euripides' Hercules furens as a sceptic critique of the Stoics' "cataleptic impression." Next, I suggest that this philosophical framing of the myth enables Philostratus to scrutinise the epistemological stakes of naturalistic painting and vivid description too. In doing so, Philostratus reconsiders naturalism and ecphrasis as manias ; the viewer and the reader as madmen.
{"title":"Philostratus Visualises the Philosophical: Imagines 2.23, Hercules Furens and the Cataleptic Impression","authors":"Albert D. Bates","doi":"10.1353/AJP.2021.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/AJP.2021.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper argues that Philostratus' ecphrasis of a painting of \"mad Hercules\" killing his children (Imagines 2.23)—a subject-matter almost unattested in archaeology—is best understood via the epistemological debates between the Stoics and the Academic sceptics. First, I suggest that the ecphrasis visualises Euripides' Hercules furens as a sceptic critique of the Stoics' \"cataleptic impression.\" Next, I suggest that this philosophical framing of the myth enables Philostratus to scrutinise the epistemological stakes of naturalistic painting and vivid description too. In doing so, Philostratus reconsiders naturalism and ecphrasis as manias ; the viewer and the reader as madmen.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"137 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/AJP.2021.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45663719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Callimachus has a resurrected Hipponax dramatize his revival of archaic iambus by summoning a learned Alexandrian audience to hear a humble tale of Thales and his fellow sages. The strange blend of surly address and genial legend, all in bantering choliambs, offers more than a homily on modesty for contentious intellectuals. In its modulation of tone, theme, and mode, the first Iambus presents a paradigm for literary renewal. Both persona and embedded narrative demonstrate the symbiosis of poetry and its "well-read" muse, and the prospects that newly expanded intellectual and cultural horizons afford.
{"title":"Callimachus and the Seven Sages (Iambus 1: fr. 191 Pf.)","authors":"S. White","doi":"10.1353/AJP.2021.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/AJP.2021.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Callimachus has a resurrected Hipponax dramatize his revival of archaic iambus by summoning a learned Alexandrian audience to hear a humble tale of Thales and his fellow sages. The strange blend of surly address and genial legend, all in bantering choliambs, offers more than a homily on modesty for contentious intellectuals. In its modulation of tone, theme, and mode, the first Iambus presents a paradigm for literary renewal. Both persona and embedded narrative demonstrate the symbiosis of poetry and its \"well-read\" muse, and the prospects that newly expanded intellectual and cultural horizons afford.","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"142 1","pages":"41 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/AJP.2021.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43441176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Literary Criticism in Antiquity","authors":"R. K. Hack, J. Atkins","doi":"10.2307/290168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/290168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46128,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY","volume":"58 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/290168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48130419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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