Pub Date : 2018-11-22DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1547327
Markus Hägglund, Hannelene Schilar, E. Keskitalo
ABSTRACT ‘Sámi tourism’ seems to be increasing, both as a practice as well as a focus of research attention. The present study illustrates a review of English language literature concerning Sámi tourism and discusses the specific perspectives in this. The study uses a systematic literature review approach to grasp these perspectives and summarize the findings of pertinent English-language publications. In total 37 relevant publications were found that focus clearly on both ‘tourism’ and ‘Sámi’ (28 articles and 9 book chapters, all published between the years 1998–2017). Our analysis identifies three central themes in the literature so far: (1) the roles and limitations of Sámi tourism, (2) conflicts regarding tourism development, and (3) the representation of Sámi in relation to tourism. Finally, these findings are discussed in relation to broader literature including literature published in regional languages.
{"title":"How is ‘Sámi tourism’ represented in the English-language scholarly literature?","authors":"Markus Hägglund, Hannelene Schilar, E. Keskitalo","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1547327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1547327","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘Sámi tourism’ seems to be increasing, both as a practice as well as a focus of research attention. The present study illustrates a review of English language literature concerning Sámi tourism and discusses the specific perspectives in this. The study uses a systematic literature review approach to grasp these perspectives and summarize the findings of pertinent English-language publications. In total 37 relevant publications were found that focus clearly on both ‘tourism’ and ‘Sámi’ (28 articles and 9 book chapters, all published between the years 1998–2017). Our analysis identifies three central themes in the literature so far: (1) the roles and limitations of Sámi tourism, (2) conflicts regarding tourism development, and (3) the representation of Sámi in relation to tourism. Finally, these findings are discussed in relation to broader literature including literature published in regional languages.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"58 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83015616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-22DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1547328
Minna-Liina Ojala, Johanna Hautala
ABSTRACT This article discusses how a temporary gathering of researchers in the remote and peripheral Ny-Ålesund research station (78°55’N, 11°54’E) affected the rhythms of knowledge creation in an international research project. Periods of co-presence are crucial for creating knowledge in projects whose members usually work in different geographical locations. Gathering to cities and clusters has been shown to be practical and beneficial, but not enough is known about the meaning of a peripheral place for knowledge creation or how the process continues afterwards. Also, the role of the physical-natural environment for knowledge creation is too little understood. Therefore, in this article, we apply Henri Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis and its basic concepts (polyrhythmia, eurhythmia, arrhythmia, isorhythmia) to investigate the work of a research group during and after their field campaign in Ny-Ålesund. According to the key results, the gathering in Ny-Ålesund supported an intense and focused eurhythmic ensemble in which rhythms were aligned, the environment became a participant in the knowledge creation process, and a spur in knowledge creation was achieved. However, as the rhythms changed, also the eurhythmia started to dissolve. By zooming in time and space, beyond the gathering, we notice that knowledge is created further through an arrhythmia, an arrhythmia that may also be necessary for achieving innovative scientific knowledge.
{"title":"Knowledge creation rhythms of a science project, in and beyond remote Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic","authors":"Minna-Liina Ojala, Johanna Hautala","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1547328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1547328","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses how a temporary gathering of researchers in the remote and peripheral Ny-Ålesund research station (78°55’N, 11°54’E) affected the rhythms of knowledge creation in an international research project. Periods of co-presence are crucial for creating knowledge in projects whose members usually work in different geographical locations. Gathering to cities and clusters has been shown to be practical and beneficial, but not enough is known about the meaning of a peripheral place for knowledge creation or how the process continues afterwards. Also, the role of the physical-natural environment for knowledge creation is too little understood. Therefore, in this article, we apply Henri Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis and its basic concepts (polyrhythmia, eurhythmia, arrhythmia, isorhythmia) to investigate the work of a research group during and after their field campaign in Ny-Ålesund. According to the key results, the gathering in Ny-Ålesund supported an intense and focused eurhythmic ensemble in which rhythms were aligned, the environment became a participant in the knowledge creation process, and a spur in knowledge creation was achieved. However, as the rhythms changed, also the eurhythmia started to dissolve. By zooming in time and space, beyond the gathering, we notice that knowledge is created further through an arrhythmia, an arrhythmia that may also be necessary for achieving innovative scientific knowledge.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"114 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77585088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-22DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1547326
Stanislav Ksenofontov, N. Backhaus, G. Schaepman‐Strub
ABSTRACT Climate change, nutrient pollution, land conversion, overexploitation, and invasive species and diseases – the ‘big five’ global drivers of ecosystem change – are altering biodiversity in the Arctic. Changes in biodiversity have implications for local people since they depend on biodiversity for their traditional activities. Remote Arctic areas lack scientific records of biodiversity status and trends. Indigenous knowledge (IK) can help fill in these information gaps. More importantly, IK is essential to establish policies and practices for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. This study presents indigenous people’s perceptions of changes and trends in biodiversity in Arctic Yakutia in Northeastern Siberia, Russia. The results document the perception of indigenous people on biodiversity changes at the study sites: new species of plants and animals have expanded their ranges to the north, and the abundance of native species as well as the phenology of plants have changed. IK relates these trends to different global change drivers, assumes that the changes are both naturally and anthropogenically driven, and reflects resulting alterations in species interactions in the forest tundra and tundra ecosystems.
{"title":"‘There are new species’: indigenous knowledge of biodiversity change in Arctic Yakutia","authors":"Stanislav Ksenofontov, N. Backhaus, G. Schaepman‐Strub","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1547326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1547326","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change, nutrient pollution, land conversion, overexploitation, and invasive species and diseases – the ‘big five’ global drivers of ecosystem change – are altering biodiversity in the Arctic. Changes in biodiversity have implications for local people since they depend on biodiversity for their traditional activities. Remote Arctic areas lack scientific records of biodiversity status and trends. Indigenous knowledge (IK) can help fill in these information gaps. More importantly, IK is essential to establish policies and practices for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. This study presents indigenous people’s perceptions of changes and trends in biodiversity in Arctic Yakutia in Northeastern Siberia, Russia. The results document the perception of indigenous people on biodiversity changes at the study sites: new species of plants and animals have expanded their ranges to the north, and the abundance of native species as well as the phenology of plants have changed. IK relates these trends to different global change drivers, assumes that the changes are both naturally and anthropogenically driven, and reflects resulting alterations in species interactions in the forest tundra and tundra ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"19 1","pages":"34 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76796728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1543795
P. Pulsifer, S. Stephenson, J. Graybill
Historically characterized and envisioned as a vast, inaccessible frontier known and survived only by its indigenous peoples, the Arctic has long promised extensive resources and other treasures fo...
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue ‘community adaptation to changing weather and sea ice conditions’","authors":"P. Pulsifer, S. Stephenson, J. Graybill","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1543795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1543795","url":null,"abstract":"Historically characterized and envisioned as a vast, inaccessible frontier known and survived only by its indigenous peoples, the Arctic has long promised extensive resources and other treasures fo...","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"16 1","pages":"237 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90008412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1522382
Maaike Knol, Peter Arbo, Paula Duske, S. Gerland, M. Lamers, O. Pavlova, A. Sivle, S. Tronstad
ABSTRACT This paper explores the changing infrastructure around weather and sea ice information provisioning for Arctic marine areas. Traditionally, the most important providers of operational information on sea ice and weather conditions are the national sea ice and meteorological services. More recently, the community of Arctic information providers has become more heterogeneous with the establishment of numerous collaborative platforms. Three case studies will enhance our understanding of current developments (BarentsWatch, Polar View and Arctic Web). We analyze their organization and funding structures, the types of services they develop, and their target groups. Based upon these cases, we discuss the information infrastructure’s dynamics and underlying drivers of change. Apart from an expected need for customized services due to changing Arctic activity patterns, new initiatives arise due to a combination of (1) progress in information and communication technology, (2) a need to enhance interoperability of data systems, (3) and a desire to improve customized data conveyance from provider to user. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the changing Arctic information infrastructure and defines directions for further research.
{"title":"Making the Arctic predictable: the changing information infrastructure of Arctic weather and sea ice services","authors":"Maaike Knol, Peter Arbo, Paula Duske, S. Gerland, M. Lamers, O. Pavlova, A. Sivle, S. Tronstad","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1522382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1522382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the changing infrastructure around weather and sea ice information provisioning for Arctic marine areas. Traditionally, the most important providers of operational information on sea ice and weather conditions are the national sea ice and meteorological services. More recently, the community of Arctic information providers has become more heterogeneous with the establishment of numerous collaborative platforms. Three case studies will enhance our understanding of current developments (BarentsWatch, Polar View and Arctic Web). We analyze their organization and funding structures, the types of services they develop, and their target groups. Based upon these cases, we discuss the information infrastructure’s dynamics and underlying drivers of change. Apart from an expected need for customized services due to changing Arctic activity patterns, new initiatives arise due to a combination of (1) progress in information and communication technology, (2) a need to enhance interoperability of data systems, (3) and a desire to improve customized data conveyance from provider to user. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the changing Arctic information infrastructure and defines directions for further research.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"34 1","pages":"279 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81283379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1522383
S. Wegren
ABSTRACT The food security model envisions food supply from industrial agriculture, food production from smallholders, and food imports. The food sovereignty model emphasizes locally-sourced food from sustainable agriculture and implies self-sufficiency while being silent on the role of imports. This article argues that neither model fits Russia’s Far North well. Residents of the Far North are generally food secure based on consumption, but their food security is insecure because of questions surrounding the reliability of food supply. The article suggests four additional factors to the food security model to sensitize it to the Russian Far North.
{"title":"The insecurity of food security in Russia’s Far North","authors":"S. Wegren","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1522383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1522383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The food security model envisions food supply from industrial agriculture, food production from smallholders, and food imports. The food sovereignty model emphasizes locally-sourced food from sustainable agriculture and implies self-sufficiency while being silent on the role of imports. This article argues that neither model fits Russia’s Far North well. Residents of the Far North are generally food secure based on consumption, but their food security is insecure because of questions surrounding the reliability of food supply. The article suggests four additional factors to the food security model to sensitize it to the Russian Far North.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"91 1","pages":"294 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84389271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-24DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1513960
J. Olsen, M. Nenasheva
ABSTRACT This explorative study aims to understand how increasing shipping activities shape the local adaptive capacity of the coastal community, Solovetsky, on the Solovetsky Archipelago in the White Sea, Northern Russia. For centuries, shipping has been the main means of transportation in the White Sea and has played a key role in local livelihoods. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the community has experienced a dramatic increase in shipping development. Changes in the navigation season, tourism trends, and community development are just some of the drivers that have changed shipping patterns. The analysis of empirical material collected through interviews with 24 stakeholders and site observations reveal five salient determinants that influence the ability of the Solovetsky community to adapt to ship traffic growth: local involvement in the decision-making system, infrastructure, local values, the natural environment and economic resources. With careful investigation of these determinants’ implications and roles, we conclude that communities’ adaptive capacities are shaped not only by each determinant on its own, but also by the interlinkages between them.
{"title":"Adaptive capacity in the context of increasing shipping activities: A case from Solovetsky, Northern Russia","authors":"J. Olsen, M. Nenasheva","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1513960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1513960","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This explorative study aims to understand how increasing shipping activities shape the local adaptive capacity of the coastal community, Solovetsky, on the Solovetsky Archipelago in the White Sea, Northern Russia. For centuries, shipping has been the main means of transportation in the White Sea and has played a key role in local livelihoods. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the community has experienced a dramatic increase in shipping development. Changes in the navigation season, tourism trends, and community development are just some of the drivers that have changed shipping patterns. The analysis of empirical material collected through interviews with 24 stakeholders and site observations reveal five salient determinants that influence the ability of the Solovetsky community to adapt to ship traffic growth: local involvement in the decision-making system, infrastructure, local values, the natural environment and economic resources. With careful investigation of these determinants’ implications and roles, we conclude that communities’ adaptive capacities are shaped not only by each determinant on its own, but also by the interlinkages between them.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"9 1","pages":"241 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85870598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-24DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1513959
M. Lamers, Paula Duske, Linde K. J. van Bets
ABSTRACT Climate change has been credited with making the Arctic Ocean more accessible to maritime transport, but those navigating its waters must contend with highly dynamic and unpredictable weather and sea ice conditions. Despite ongoing developments in weather and sea ice services to enable responsible and safe operation and navigation, little is known about what and how these information services are used, and whether the services meet the information needs of maritime sectors. Here we address this gap by providing insights from the expedition cruise tourism sector active in European Arctic ocean areas. By applying a social practice theory perspective and relying on semi-structured interviews we show how weather and sea ice services are currently used by expedition cruise operators in various operational decision-making contexts. We argue that practice theory contributes to understanding user needs in a more contextualized way, which is essential for enhancing and tailoring information services. Our analysis suggests that weather and sea ice are only two elements in a complex socio-material setting. Finally, we argue that weather and sea ice services contribute to the resilience and rationalization of the expedition cruise sector in the European Arctic and beyond.
{"title":"Understanding user needs: a practice-based approach to exploring the role of weather and sea ice services in European Arctic expedition cruising","authors":"M. Lamers, Paula Duske, Linde K. J. van Bets","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1513959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1513959","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change has been credited with making the Arctic Ocean more accessible to maritime transport, but those navigating its waters must contend with highly dynamic and unpredictable weather and sea ice conditions. Despite ongoing developments in weather and sea ice services to enable responsible and safe operation and navigation, little is known about what and how these information services are used, and whether the services meet the information needs of maritime sectors. Here we address this gap by providing insights from the expedition cruise tourism sector active in European Arctic ocean areas. By applying a social practice theory perspective and relying on semi-structured interviews we show how weather and sea ice services are currently used by expedition cruise operators in various operational decision-making contexts. We argue that practice theory contributes to understanding user needs in a more contextualized way, which is essential for enhancing and tailoring information services. Our analysis suggests that weather and sea ice are only two elements in a complex socio-material setting. Finally, we argue that weather and sea ice services contribute to the resilience and rationalization of the expedition cruise sector in the European Arctic and beyond.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"32 1","pages":"262 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87965472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1496368
Vladislava Vladimirova, J. O. Habeck
ABSTRACT Notwithstanding the gradual intensification of contacts across the different parts of the circumpolar North, research on gender in the Arctic is still a fragmented field – not the least because of language barriers. The four cases presented here, all from the Far North of Russia, are intended to complement research on gender in North America and the Nordic countries. We also hope they will encourage wider use of feminist approaches in geography and social sciences. After a first overview of how gender emerged as a topic of study in the circumpolar North, the introduction will focus on gender-specific forms of mobility and immobility. Next, gender will be discussed in relation to identity and intersectionality under colonial and post-colonial conditions. Thereafter, Feminist Political Ecology and other theoretical directions are portrayed as theoretical approaches to studying gendered economies. Such contextualization of the study of gender in the Arctic prepares the ground for short summaries of the four papers in this special issue, to be concluded by a brief statement about future directions of research. Particularly the concept of intersectionality is favored as a useful basis for examining gender, indigeneity, and economic differences.
{"title":"Introduction: feminist approaches and the study of gender in Arctic social sciences","authors":"Vladislava Vladimirova, J. O. Habeck","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1496368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1496368","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Notwithstanding the gradual intensification of contacts across the different parts of the circumpolar North, research on gender in the Arctic is still a fragmented field – not the least because of language barriers. The four cases presented here, all from the Far North of Russia, are intended to complement research on gender in North America and the Nordic countries. We also hope they will encourage wider use of feminist approaches in geography and social sciences. After a first overview of how gender emerged as a topic of study in the circumpolar North, the introduction will focus on gender-specific forms of mobility and immobility. Next, gender will be discussed in relation to identity and intersectionality under colonial and post-colonial conditions. Thereafter, Feminist Political Ecology and other theoretical directions are portrayed as theoretical approaches to studying gendered economies. Such contextualization of the study of gender in the Arctic prepares the ground for short summaries of the four papers in this special issue, to be concluded by a brief statement about future directions of research. Particularly the concept of intersectionality is favored as a useful basis for examining gender, indigeneity, and economic differences.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"2 1","pages":"145 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89555797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2018.1498141
A. Ventsel
ABSTRACT Siberia in general has traditionally been a region where men are expected to be ‘real’ men, i.e. to behave in a pronouncedly virile way. This perception is related to the history of the region – bringing ‘civilisation’ to the region was in direct relation to the intensive physical work. Urban life in Siberia was until recently dominated by such proletarian masculinity since urban centres were places where a large part of industrial workers lived. With the Western style urbanization and advent of new enterprises, this perception is changing. The new urban professional class mostly holds office jobs and is engaged in non-physical work. The article explains how socioeconomic factors have historically shaped the perceptions and performances of masculinity in Siberia. Further, I juxtapose ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ masculinity in the Republic of Sakha. In this region, softness is usually related with the office jobs. While certain masculine stereotypes continue to exist – like reliability, responsibility, loyalty – traditional understanding of toughness is often rejected. As one paradigm, I take the changes in attitudes towards alcohol consumption. The emergence of more diverse and ‘softer’ forms of masculinity do not generally question existing gender hierarchies, as I will point out toward the end of the article.
{"title":"Blurring masculinities in the Republic of Sakha, Russia","authors":"A. Ventsel","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2018.1498141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2018.1498141","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Siberia in general has traditionally been a region where men are expected to be ‘real’ men, i.e. to behave in a pronouncedly virile way. This perception is related to the history of the region – bringing ‘civilisation’ to the region was in direct relation to the intensive physical work. Urban life in Siberia was until recently dominated by such proletarian masculinity since urban centres were places where a large part of industrial workers lived. With the Western style urbanization and advent of new enterprises, this perception is changing. The new urban professional class mostly holds office jobs and is engaged in non-physical work. The article explains how socioeconomic factors have historically shaped the perceptions and performances of masculinity in Siberia. Further, I juxtapose ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ masculinity in the Republic of Sakha. In this region, softness is usually related with the office jobs. While certain masculine stereotypes continue to exist – like reliability, responsibility, loyalty – traditional understanding of toughness is often rejected. As one paradigm, I take the changes in attitudes towards alcohol consumption. The emergence of more diverse and ‘softer’ forms of masculinity do not generally question existing gender hierarchies, as I will point out toward the end of the article.","PeriodicalId":46164,"journal":{"name":"Polar Geography","volume":"52 1","pages":"198 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84704908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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