International Journal最新文献

When Stephen Harper became the first Canadian prime minister to speak in the Knesset, he declared unwavering loyalty to Israel. Liberal prime minister Justin Trudeau, Harper's successor, echoed this sentiment. Following the Hamas-led attacks on 7 October 2023, Israel's responses in Gaza have been deemed by the International Court of Justice to be "plausible genocide." How far does Canada's position of standing with Israel go, and does it include genocide? This article offers a close analysis of the Harper years (2006-2015) to demonstrate the significance of this period in cementing Canada's close relationship to Israel, and explores how the Trudeau Liberals sustained certain dimensions of that relationship. The article argues that during the Harper government, Canada's foreign policy towards Israel and Canada's domestic policy became increasingly intertwined. Based on analysis of policy, document, and media accounts, the article addresses: (i) the interface with Israel in foreign policy and in the United Nations; (ii) a pattern of what we term the "Israelization" of Canadian domestic politics; and (iii) the continuities since Justin Trudeau's election in 2015, which appeared in sharpened relief between 2023 and Trudeau's resignation in 2025.

Money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF) are pernicious global challenges. Estimates suggest that ML represents 2 to 4 percent of global GDP, disrupting financial systems, hindering anti-corruption efforts, fuelling terrorism, and destabilizing governments and security institutions globally. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) complicate detection and prosecution efforts, enabling anonymity in the movement of money. This article explores AI's role in anti-money laundering (AML) efforts and in countering the financing of terrorism (CFT), focusing on data analysis for financial intelligence units (FIUs) and private sector reporting entities. It addresses AI's uses, benefits, and risks in Canadian and international AML/CFT, explores opportunities and challenges of AI adoption, and proposes next steps for research and practical application. By examining AI's promises and perils in financial intelligence, this article aims to contribute to academic and policy-oriented efforts to understand and leverage AI for effective ML/TF prevention.

This article conducts a comparative analysis of naval shipbuilding approaches by Australia, Britain, and Canada with a view to promoting wider understanding of naval shipbuilding in Canada. Through various strategic and tactical factors, it illuminates how Canadians got to where they are in naval shipbuilding, which processes should be kept, and where there are shortfalls. With a focus on large naval ships, defined as 1000 tons or heavier, the article finds that much of Canada's naval shipbuilding strategy makes sense and should be continued. Yet there are critical problem areas that, if not addressed, threaten to leave the Royal Canadian Navy without the warships it needs.

The global health regime is caught in a paradox, whereby connecting "human" to "(inter)national" security to prevent the spread of infectious diseases unwittingly introduces into this complex and expertise-reliant domain of "low politics" the notion of "sovereign decisionism"-states' prerogative to identify a threat and counter it with exceptional measures that may in turn constrain their ability to unilaterally securitize disease. This article introduces an analytical framework presenting three pathways through which state leaders with different conceptions of sovereignty and varying constraints on their legitimacy among their domestic audiences may nevertheless securitize policy domains traditionally considered as falling within the scope of sub-state "low politics." Two of the pathways begin with scientific objectivation rather than politicization, and one trades power concentration for collaboration with sub-state and global authorities. I then compare the Canadian and American responses during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic to uncover how these contextual factors disposed Donald Trump to politicize COVID-19, while Justin Trudeau emulated the World Health Organization's securitization of the virus without centralizing state powers.