Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00207020231163066
J. Cunningham
tices with air defence systems necessarily will apply to AI weapons with offensive capabilities. The normative and ethical implications of autonomous air defence systems, designed to identify overhead threats and strike in response, may differ from those related to AI-powered systems that can identify and engage their targets with limited human involvement. While the air defence systems examined in this book have resulted in human casualties and certainly do inform perceptions of meaningful human control in an era of enhanced weapons autonomy, states and their citizens may feel differently about systems that were deliberately designed for offensive purposes. Thus, it remains unclear whether norms derived from practices with automated defence systems will necessarily apply to the AI-powered weapons systems of the future. Finally, the authors’ claim that international norms regarding the use of AI-powered weapons have already emerged before the full extent of AWS has even been realized may strike some readers as fatalistic. If legalistic, formal norms are fundamentally insufficient and procedural norms have already begun emerging in ways that erode meaningful human control, what can be done to set restrictions on the development and proliferation of these weapons? Ultimately, Bode and Huelss’ Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms makes a timely and important contribution to the fields of International Relations and International Security Studies at a time when global interest in AI and its military applications is growing. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on international norms and employs rich, detailed case studies to analyze the evolution of norms surrounding AI-powered weapons, making it important reading for those interested in international norms and emerging technologies.
{"title":"Book Review: Israel’s Moment: International Support for and Opposition to Establishing the Jewish State, 1945-1949","authors":"J. Cunningham","doi":"10.1177/00207020231163066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231163066","url":null,"abstract":"tices with air defence systems necessarily will apply to AI weapons with offensive capabilities. The normative and ethical implications of autonomous air defence systems, designed to identify overhead threats and strike in response, may differ from those related to AI-powered systems that can identify and engage their targets with limited human involvement. While the air defence systems examined in this book have resulted in human casualties and certainly do inform perceptions of meaningful human control in an era of enhanced weapons autonomy, states and their citizens may feel differently about systems that were deliberately designed for offensive purposes. Thus, it remains unclear whether norms derived from practices with automated defence systems will necessarily apply to the AI-powered weapons systems of the future. Finally, the authors’ claim that international norms regarding the use of AI-powered weapons have already emerged before the full extent of AWS has even been realized may strike some readers as fatalistic. If legalistic, formal norms are fundamentally insufficient and procedural norms have already begun emerging in ways that erode meaningful human control, what can be done to set restrictions on the development and proliferation of these weapons? Ultimately, Bode and Huelss’ Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms makes a timely and important contribution to the fields of International Relations and International Security Studies at a time when global interest in AI and its military applications is growing. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on international norms and employs rich, detailed case studies to analyze the evolution of norms surrounding AI-powered weapons, making it important reading for those interested in international norms and emerging technologies.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"728 - 730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44346885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00207020231165523
Janis van der Westhuizen
How do deeply unequal cities in the Global South project soft power, and what are the tensions and contradictions that emerge when they do? Cities’ strategies to enhance their international appeal can be gauged through three interlocking or complementary approaches: first, leveraging the strategic value of events and associated services; second, developing iconic architecture and mega-projects; and third, making themselves attractive to the so-called “creative class.” Drawing on a brief comparative analysis of Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town, these strategies are assessed in relation to the dynamics of soft power and soft disempowerment. Although Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town share formidable resources to generate soft power, their societal complexities of crime and violence cast a heavy disempowering shadow on their innovative soft power strategies.
{"title":"Gorgeous but dangerous: Comparing Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town’s soft-power struggles","authors":"Janis van der Westhuizen","doi":"10.1177/00207020231165523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231165523","url":null,"abstract":"How do deeply unequal cities in the Global South project soft power, and what are the tensions and contradictions that emerge when they do? Cities’ strategies to enhance their international appeal can be gauged through three interlocking or complementary approaches: first, leveraging the strategic value of events and associated services; second, developing iconic architecture and mega-projects; and third, making themselves attractive to the so-called “creative class.” Drawing on a brief comparative analysis of Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town, these strategies are assessed in relation to the dynamics of soft power and soft disempowerment. Although Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town share formidable resources to generate soft power, their societal complexities of crime and violence cast a heavy disempowering shadow on their innovative soft power strategies.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"674 - 692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43236426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00207020231166591
J. Lalande
{"title":"Book Review: Collapse: The Fall of the Soviet Union","authors":"J. Lalande","doi":"10.1177/00207020231166591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231166591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"736 - 738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45977576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00207020231165519
Liam Midzain-Gobin
market value constantly adds layers of conflict. As academics and other commentators have noted, many companies also perceived themselves, or were perceived, as “unpunishable.” Emulating political patronage structures, mine sites may present themselves as positive and beneficial while they are exploitative and dangerous to many. More challenging in this globally competitive industry is the influence of China’s foreign policy objectives, addressed by several authors in this section. China takes no issue with the sometimes-weak governance of African states and is content to disregard corruption, conflict, or other local social abuses in order to access mines. While not immune to similar charges, Western companies are held to international standards that China is not. INGOs are forcing cleaner definitions, standards, and expectations. Slowly, both local and host investor politics are producing “more nuanced agreements.” Finally, in their concluding chapter, Andrews, Edward Akuffo, and Grant observe that none of the included case studies point to an ideal mode of natural resources development. Each actor (state, corporation, community, NGO, IGO, INGO) presents various opportunities and drawbacks. Conflicting expectations, intentions, and understandings continue to grossly impede meaningful progress for people across the continent. The Global North’s increasing penchant toward the development of industrywide norms for mining sites around the world, while laudable, is still at its core imbued with colonialism and colonial superiority over the resource-rich countries of Africa. Whether natural resource development is a panacea or a Pandora’s box remains inconclusive.
{"title":"Book Review: Making and Breaking Settler Space: Five Centuries of Colonization in North America","authors":"Liam Midzain-Gobin","doi":"10.1177/00207020231165519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231165519","url":null,"abstract":"market value constantly adds layers of conflict. As academics and other commentators have noted, many companies also perceived themselves, or were perceived, as “unpunishable.” Emulating political patronage structures, mine sites may present themselves as positive and beneficial while they are exploitative and dangerous to many. More challenging in this globally competitive industry is the influence of China’s foreign policy objectives, addressed by several authors in this section. China takes no issue with the sometimes-weak governance of African states and is content to disregard corruption, conflict, or other local social abuses in order to access mines. While not immune to similar charges, Western companies are held to international standards that China is not. INGOs are forcing cleaner definitions, standards, and expectations. Slowly, both local and host investor politics are producing “more nuanced agreements.” Finally, in their concluding chapter, Andrews, Edward Akuffo, and Grant observe that none of the included case studies point to an ideal mode of natural resources development. Each actor (state, corporation, community, NGO, IGO, INGO) presents various opportunities and drawbacks. Conflicting expectations, intentions, and understandings continue to grossly impede meaningful progress for people across the continent. The Global North’s increasing penchant toward the development of industrywide norms for mining sites around the world, while laudable, is still at its core imbued with colonialism and colonial superiority over the resource-rich countries of Africa. Whether natural resource development is a panacea or a Pandora’s box remains inconclusive.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"733 - 736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46777975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00207020231163065
Gillian E. Hutchison
With the question “Panacea or Pandora’s Box?”, editors Nathan Andrews, J. Andrew Grant, and Jesse Salah Ovadia examine a narrow dichotomy with respect to a hugely variable region, but ultimately demonstrate that choosing one is not possible. Africa’s natural resources do offer a hypothetical remedy (a panacea) to its historical, political, and sociological ills. However, the volume’s contributors highlight that the continent’s geographical wealth also creates considerable challenges, or a “Pandora’s Box.” The recognition of this false dichotomy is evident through each chapter. Generally, the book addresses land use in Africa. It largely considers mineral mining and also acknowledges oil and gas and agricultural ventures. In their introduction, Andrews, Grant, Ovadia, and Adam Sneyd stress the (re)evolving agenda of natural resources governance in Africa. While they recognise a “rejuvenated push,” because many hoped natural resources would be a “boon for Africa’s development,” the editors acknowledge the limited value of proposed governance initiatives that potentially add layers of complexity for the continent’s development. The second section of the book addresses governance and its changing focus with respect to land use and extraction in mineral, oil and gas, and farming operations. Chapters in this section speak to the social conflicts created by these economic ventures. Authors discuss the extraction industries’ notions of legitimacy, their contentious histories, and the need for social license renewal. In sum, authors consider the competing necessities of exploration, extraction, and farming. They weigh these with the disconnect between expectations and reality for many stakeholders. For example, Abigail Efua Hilson addresses powerful corporate influences and the accusation that “multinational corporations take advantage of weak monitoring systems” by governments. Perception plays a significant role as governments, corporations, stakeholders, and communities present competing claims of legitimacy to each other.
关于“Panacea还是Pandora’s Box？”的问题，编辑Nathan Andrews、J.Andrew Grant和Jesse Salah Ovadia研究了一个变量巨大的区域的狭义二分法，但最终证明了选择一个是不可能的。非洲的自然资源确实为其历史、政治和社会弊病提供了一种假想的治疗方法（灵丹妙药）。然而，该卷的撰稿人强调，非洲大陆的地理财富也带来了相当大的挑战，或者说是“潘多拉盒子”。对这种错误的二分法的认识在每一章中都很明显。总的来说，这本书涉及非洲的土地利用。它主要考虑矿产开采，也承认石油、天然气和农业企业。Andrews、Grant、Ovadia和Adam Sneyd在引言中强调了非洲自然资源治理的（重新）发展议程。尽管编辑们承认这是一种“振兴的推动”，因为许多人希望自然资源将成为“非洲发展的福音”，但他们承认，拟议的治理举措的价值有限，可能会给非洲大陆的发展增加复杂性。该书的第二部分论述了治理及其在矿产、石油和天然气以及农业运营中土地使用和开采方面不断变化的重点。本节的章节讲述了这些经济冒险所造成的社会冲突。作者讨论了采掘业的合法性概念、其有争议的历史以及社会许可证续期的必要性。总之，作者考虑了勘探、开采和农业的相互竞争的必要性。他们权衡了许多利益相关者的期望和现实之间的脱节。例如，Abigail Efua Hilson谈到了强大的企业影响力，以及政府对“跨国公司利用薄弱监控系统”的指责。当政府、企业、利益相关者和社区相互提出相互竞争的合法性主张时，感知发挥着重要作用。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00207020231163490
R. Tiessen, Nnenna Okoli
In this paper, we consider the role of “feminist inside activists” in shaping the Canadian international policy landscape and provide examples of how government employees have actively promoted feminist and gender equality priorities. Specifically, this paper advances our understanding of how policy translates into action, and the transformative potential of agents of change in gender equality and feminist policy-making within Canada’s international policy machinery. Building on studies that identify the significant contributions of mid-level government employees who fight to keep gender equality a priority in government programming, we explore these contributions in the context of inside activism, documenting the significance of the work of both senior and mid-level government officials in advancing feminist policies and priorities. As an agency-focused analysis, this study complements and builds on critical feminist analyses of structural and systemic inequality.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00207020231163058
Muhammet Koçak
In the mid-2010s Turkey-Russia relations gained a strategic dimension after the two nations began to work together in Syria and took bold steps to cooperate on defence and nuclear energy. This development was commonly regarded as a major shift in Turkish foreign policy. This article argues that the context in which the Turkey-Russia nexus operates is historically rooted. Since the nineteenth century, Russia almost has been the most critical threat to Turkey; and Turkey consistently sought to moderate this threat, mostly with Western assistance. But when Turkey either failed to subdue Russia or there was no significant threat, it would opt for rapprochement with Russia. An examination of the historical background of Turkey-Russia relations helps explain these nations’ contemporary dynamics with one another.
{"title":"Drowning man catching a straw: An explanation of Turkey’s history of rapprochements with Russia","authors":"Muhammet Koçak","doi":"10.1177/00207020231163058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231163058","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid-2010s Turkey-Russia relations gained a strategic dimension after the two nations began to work together in Syria and took bold steps to cooperate on defence and nuclear energy. This development was commonly regarded as a major shift in Turkish foreign policy. This article argues that the context in which the Turkey-Russia nexus operates is historically rooted. Since the nineteenth century, Russia almost has been the most critical threat to Turkey; and Turkey consistently sought to moderate this threat, mostly with Western assistance. But when Turkey either failed to subdue Russia or there was no significant threat, it would opt for rapprochement with Russia. An examination of the historical background of Turkey-Russia relations helps explain these nations’ contemporary dynamics with one another.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"713 - 725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48707562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"China and the Soviet Union","authors":"L. Walmsley, Aitchen K. Wu","doi":"10.2307/40197565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40197565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40197565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42945792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.3917/scpo.david.2022.01
Louis Balthazar, C. David, J. Vaisse, L. Lüthi
Fondements, acteurs, formulationCharles-Philippe David, Louis Balthazar, and Justin VaisseParis: Presses de Sciences Po, 2003, 382pp, 29.80 paper (ISBN 2-7246-0919-0)At a time when it seems that the leaders of the United States and France have lost their good manners and common sense over Iraq, it is reassuring that a French press is capable of publishing a book on US foreign policy devoid of the current polemical debate on alleged American arrogance in international affairs or supposedly traditional French intransigence. This is certainly intrinsically linked to the choice of the three co-authors: two senior francophone Canadian scholars based at the Observatoire sur les Etats-Unis de l'Universite du Quebec a Montreal and one French historian with research interests in US foreign affairs, French anti-Americanism and US francophobia.The book succeeds well in its obvious purpose of providing students and the interested lay audience with a concise and comprehensive overview of the foundations and the formulation of US foreign policy since the American Revolution. The co-authors chose wisely to depart from the format, traditional in the English-speaking world, of narrating US foreign policy in presidential chapters or as a clash between idealism and realism. Instead, they have opted to divide the book into three thematic parts consisting of three or four chapters each.The first part--foundations--covers the constitutional basis for the conduct of foreign relations, the national style, the great political arguments since 1776 and modern academic interpretations. This section, which comprehensively discusses the various academic interpretations of US foreign relations in short and concise sketches (including a very useful overview table), impressed this reviewer in particular and will prove helpful to students at the start of their studies of US foreign relations or political science. The second part--agents--covers not only core topics such as the presidency but also the internal structures and role of the bureaucracies in the foreign policy process. The inclusion of the Department of Homeland Security serves as a great example of the book's relevance to current affairs. However, this reviewer would have preferred to see the discussion of that particular department in the context of the National Security Council, which is extensively covered in its own chapter, and of the history of the rise of the national security state since 1945. …
基金会、演员、演职人员:查尔斯·菲利普·大卫、路易斯·巴尔萨泽和贾斯汀·维斯里斯:巴黎政治学院出版社，2003年，382页，29.80页(ISBN 2-7246-0919-0)在美国和法国领导人似乎在伊拉克问题上失去了礼貌和常识的时候，令人放心的是，法国出版社能够出版一本关于美国外交政策的书，而不是目前关于美国在国际事务中所谓的傲慢或所谓的传统法国不妥协的辩论。这当然与三位合著者的选择有着内在的联系:两位供职于蒙特利尔魁北克大学国家观察站(Observatoire sur les etatres - unis de l’university du Quebec)的资深法语加拿大学者，以及一位研究美国外交事务、法国反美主义和美国法语恐惧症的法国历史学家。这本书成功地为学生和感兴趣的外行读者提供了美国独立战争以来美国外交政策的基础和制定的简明而全面的概述。两位合著者明智地选择摒弃了英语世界的传统形式，即在总统章节中叙述美国外交政策，或将其作为理想主义与现实主义之间的冲突。相反，他们选择将这本书分成三个主题部分，每个部分由三到四个章节组成。第一部分——基础——涵盖了外交行为的宪法基础、民族风格、1776年以来的重大政治争论和现代学术解释。这一节以简短而简洁的概述(包括一个非常有用的概述表)全面讨论了对美国外交关系的各种学术解释，给这位评论家留下了特别深刻的印象，并将证明对刚开始学习美国外交关系或政治学的学生很有帮助。第二部分——代理人——不仅涵盖了总统职位等核心话题，还涵盖了官僚机构在外交政策过程中的内部结构和作用。国土安全部(Department of Homeland Security)的加入是这本书与时事相关的一个很好的例子。然而，本评论家更希望看到在国家安全委员会的背景下讨论这个特定的部门，在自己的章节中有广泛的讨论，以及自1945年以来国家安全状态的兴起历史。…
{"title":"La politique étrangère des États‐Unis","authors":"Louis Balthazar, C. David, J. Vaisse, L. Lüthi","doi":"10.3917/scpo.david.2022.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/scpo.david.2022.01","url":null,"abstract":"Fondements, acteurs, formulationCharles-Philippe David, Louis Balthazar, and Justin VaisseParis: Presses de Sciences Po, 2003, 382pp, 29.80 paper (ISBN 2-7246-0919-0)At a time when it seems that the leaders of the United States and France have lost their good manners and common sense over Iraq, it is reassuring that a French press is capable of publishing a book on US foreign policy devoid of the current polemical debate on alleged American arrogance in international affairs or supposedly traditional French intransigence. This is certainly intrinsically linked to the choice of the three co-authors: two senior francophone Canadian scholars based at the Observatoire sur les Etats-Unis de l'Universite du Quebec a Montreal and one French historian with research interests in US foreign affairs, French anti-Americanism and US francophobia.The book succeeds well in its obvious purpose of providing students and the interested lay audience with a concise and comprehensive overview of the foundations and the formulation of US foreign policy since the American Revolution. The co-authors chose wisely to depart from the format, traditional in the English-speaking world, of narrating US foreign policy in presidential chapters or as a clash between idealism and realism. Instead, they have opted to divide the book into three thematic parts consisting of three or four chapters each.The first part--foundations--covers the constitutional basis for the conduct of foreign relations, the national style, the great political arguments since 1776 and modern academic interpretations. This section, which comprehensively discusses the various academic interpretations of US foreign relations in short and concise sketches (including a very useful overview table), impressed this reviewer in particular and will prove helpful to students at the start of their studies of US foreign relations or political science. The second part--agents--covers not only core topics such as the presidency but also the internal structures and role of the bureaucracies in the foreign policy process. The inclusion of the Department of Homeland Security serves as a great example of the book's relevance to current affairs. However, this reviewer would have preferred to see the discussion of that particular department in the context of the National Security Council, which is extensively covered in its own chapter, and of the history of the rise of the national security state since 1945. …","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43291585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1177/00207020221143293
Gonca Oguz Gok
is that even in the 21 century, unionism not only remains but exists across the political spectrum. During Paul Martin’s government in the early 2000s, there was open speculation in the press about Canada absorbing Turks and Caicos. The same idea was advocated for in the right-wing Dorchester Review in 2014, and debated, two years later, at the federal New Democratic Party’s policy convention. Hastings’s remarkable and important book shows why it is that some Canadians still seek a place in the sun.
{"title":"Book Review: Poverty Narratives and Power Paradoxes in International Trade Negotiations and Beyond","authors":"Gonca Oguz Gok","doi":"10.1177/00207020221143293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020221143293","url":null,"abstract":"is that even in the 21 century, unionism not only remains but exists across the political spectrum. During Paul Martin’s government in the early 2000s, there was open speculation in the press about Canada absorbing Turks and Caicos. The same idea was advocated for in the right-wing Dorchester Review in 2014, and debated, two years later, at the federal New Democratic Party’s policy convention. Hastings’s remarkable and important book shows why it is that some Canadians still seek a place in the sun.","PeriodicalId":46226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"537 - 539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48845871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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