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La France et l’AUKUS : quelles politiques et quelles limites stratégiques en Indo-Pacifique ? 法国和奥克斯:印度-太平洋地区的政策和战略限制是什么?
IF 2.2 4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231197208
É. Mottet, F. Lasserre, Barthélémy Courmont
L’espace Indo-Pacifique est pour la France une réalité géographique, stratégique et sécuritaire. À ce titre, l’Indo-Pacifique est devenu un des axes prioritaires de l’action internationale de la France à travers une approche cohérente et structurée dont l’objectif est de maintenir un espace Indo-Pacifique libre, ouvert et inclusif, vision que Paris partage avec ses grands partenaires, notamment l’Inde, le Japon et l’ASEAN. Par opposition, l'AUKUS, construit dans le plus grand secret entre trois puissances anglo-saxonnes (États-Unis, Royaume-Uni et Australie). Toutefois, si l’AUKUS reconnaît la valeur stratégique que la France pourrait apporter à l’Indo-Pacifique, il compromet l’ambition de Paris de mettre en place des mini-coalitions innovantes qui empêcheraient l’effet de polarisation résultant d’une rivalité frontale entre Washington et Pékin.
印度-太平洋地区是法国的地理、战略和安全现实。因此,印度-太平洋已成为法国国际行动的优先领域之一,其目标是保持一个自由、开放和包容的印度-太平洋空间,这是巴黎与其主要伙伴,特别是印度、日本和东盟共同的愿景。相比之下,奥克斯是在三个盎格鲁-撒克逊大国(美国、英国和澳大利亚)之间秘密建立的。然而,尽管奥库斯认识到法国可以为印太地区带来的战略价值,但它损害了巴黎建立创新小型联盟的雄心,以防止华盛顿和北京之间正面竞争产生的两极分化效应。
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引用次数: 0
AUKUS and India's Indo-Pacific Strategy AUKUS与印度的印太战略
IF 2.2 4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231197785
Laxman Kumar Behera
The rollout of AUKUS represents a tectonic shift in the geopolitical rivalry between China and other Indo-Pacific nations. The coming together of three major democratic countries in a strategic technology pact to counter the authoritarian China in the Indo-Pacific could not have come at a more opportune time for India, which is facing increasing Chinese hostility on its northern land borders and strategic encirclement in South Asia and the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). This article discusses AUKUS's potential impacts on India and examines India's Indo-Pacific strategy, its participation in the Quad, and its naval strategy. I argue that, on balance, AUKUS's benefits for India far outweigh its costs.
AUKUS的推出代表了中国与其他印度-太平洋国家之间地缘政治竞争的结构性转变。三个主要民主国家在一项战略技术协议中走到一起,以对抗印度太平洋地区的专制中国,这对印度来说是再合适不过的时机了。印度正面临着中国在其北部陆地边界日益增长的敌意,以及在南亚和印度洋地区(IOR)的战略包围。本文讨论了AUKUS对印度的潜在影响,并考察了印度的印太战略、参与四国战略以及海军战略。我认为,总的来说,AUKUS对印度的好处远远大于它的成本。
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引用次数: 0
Are Shared Values Valuable? Liberal Democracy and Human Rights among AUKUS and its Future Membership 共同的价值观有价值吗?自由民主和人权在AUKUS和它的未来成员
4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231201575
Yui Nishimura, Atsushi Tago
Do shared values make a military partnership attractive to potential member countries and strengthen perceptions of that partnership's deterrent effects? While military cooperation attracts potential members through strategic benefits such as military capabilities, recent security cooperation initiatives like AUKUS emphasize liberal democratic values and human rights as their core values. This study focuses on Japan as a potential member of AUKUS in the Indo-Pacific region and explores how the Japanese public evaluates Japan's future participation in AUKUS and the agreement's anticipated deterrence effects. The results indicate that emphasizing liberal democratic values does not boost support for AUKUS or reinforce a belief in the agreement's ability to deter potential enemies. However, the findings highlight the connection between support for security cooperation and the expansion of membership, irrespective of regime types. In particular, the domestic audience exhibits selective attitudes towards South Korea, a democratic government that should be an important candidate for partnership. These findings suggest a cynical view among third-party audiences regarding the efficacy of shared values in security cooperation, as well as a double standard among the Japanese in shaping new security cooperation in the region.
共同的价值观是否使军事伙伴关系对潜在成员国具有吸引力,并加强对该伙伴关系威慑作用的认识?军事合作通过军事能力等战略利益吸引潜在成员,而最近的AUKUS等安保合作则强调自由民主主义价值和人权为核心价值。本研究将重点关注日本作为印度洋-太平洋地区AUKUS的潜在成员,并探讨日本公众如何评估日本未来参与AUKUS以及该协议的预期威慑效果。结果表明,强调自由民主价值观并不能提高对AUKUS的支持,也不能增强人们对该协议能够威慑潜在敌人的信心。然而,调查结果强调了支持安全合作与成员国扩大之间的联系,无论其政权类型如何。特别是,国内民众对应该成为重要伙伴的民主主义政府韩国表现出了选择性的态度。这些调查结果表明,第三方受众对共同价值观在安全合作中的有效性持怀疑态度,日本人在形成该地区新的安全合作方面也存在双重标准。
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引用次数: 0
Why AUKUS and not CAUKUS? It's a Potluck, not a Party 为什么AUKUS而不是AUKUS?这是Potluck,不是派对
IF 2.2 4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231195109
Stephanie Carvin, T. Juneau
In September 2021, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia announced a new security arrangement, dubbed AUKUS, focused on helping Australia acquire nuclear submarines. This caused anxiety in Canada, especially as it emerged that Canadian officials had been caught unaware. In this paper, we argue that AUKUS 1.0 (now increasingly referred to as the first pillar) is not a problem for Canada, despite this early concern: Canada may need to renew its aging submarine fleet, but it is unlikely to acquire nuclear submarines in the foreseeable future. That said, there are broader reasons for Canada to be worried: its exclusion from AUKUS is illustrative of its neglect of foreign, defence, and national security policy more generally. Moreover, as the pact evolves into AUKUS 2.0 (or the second pillar) and broadens its remit to cooperation on emerging defence technologies, Canada's absence from its proliferating working groups risks imposing serious costs.
2021年9月,美国、英国和澳大利亚宣布了一项名为AUKUS的新安全安排,重点是帮助澳大利亚获得核潜艇。这在加拿大引起了焦虑,尤其是当加拿大官员对此毫不知情的时候。在本文中,我们认为AUKUS 1.0(现在越来越多地被称为第一支柱)对加拿大来说不是问题,尽管有这种早期的担忧:加拿大可能需要更新其老化的潜艇舰队,但在可预见的未来不太可能获得核潜艇。也就是说,加拿大有更广泛的理由感到担忧:它被排除在AUKUS之外,说明了它对外交、国防和国家安全政策的忽视。此外,随着该协议演变为AUKUS 2.0(或第二支柱),并将其职权范围扩大到新兴国防技术的合作,加拿大在其扩散工作组中的缺席可能会带来严重的成本。
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引用次数: 0
Europe: Divided Over AUKUS and China 欧洲:AUKUS和中国的分歧
IF 2.2 4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231197197
H. Mouritzen
The AUKUS deterrence strategy towards China contrasts with the more cooperative EU Indo-Pacific strategy. In Europe, this can be traced to the fact that the UK and France/Germany support different geopolitical world views. European (and possibly Western) cohesion requires that geographical and geo-economic heterogeneities, together with Chinese wedging, are overcome. This can only happen, if at all, if the expensive partner receives a significant “solidarity reward.”
AUKUS对中国的威慑战略与欧盟更为合作的印太战略形成鲜明对比。在欧洲,这可以追溯到英国和法国/德国支持不同的地缘政治世界观。欧洲(可能还有西方)的凝聚力要求克服地理和地缘经济的异质性,以及中国的楔入。只有在昂贵的合作伙伴获得重大的“团结奖励”的情况下,这种情况才会发生
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引用次数: 1
Book Review: Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire 书评:《暴力的遗产:大英帝国的历史》
IF 2.2 4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231198201
Jessi A. J. Gilchrist
Most revisionist scholars would agree that the British Empire was far from a benign actor. It was an extraordinarily brutal and violent one. In her new monograph, Caroline Elkins proposes to deepen our understanding of why British imperialists not only embraced large-scale violent measures, but how they legitimated them over time. Elkins takes the existing revisionist view one step further with the provocative argument that violence was in fact at the very core of liberal imperialist ideology. Legacy of Violence narrows in on exceptional episodes from the mid-eighteenth century onward to show that crises of imperial legitimacy served to justify the increasing use of both physical and epistemological violence in imperial governance. Within the civilizing mission, violence had a particular “moral effect.” For Elkins, it is this combination of reform and repression inherent in liberalism that explains why the British Empire remained so resilient for centuries. The major contribution in Part I, “Imperial Nation,” is to the scholarly debate on Britain’s “first” and “second” empire. Scholars such as C.A. Bayly have argued that Britain’s “first” empire in the pre-nineteenth century Americas embraced the widespread use of violence through enslaved labour and dispossession, but that this violence diminished in the nineteenth century when liberalism emerged at home and the “second” empire took on more grandiose global aims. Elkins counters that the roots of British imperial violence in the twentieth century grew out of nearly two hundred years of ideas, debates, and practices circulating across the empire. Part I begins in 1756 with the well-known story of the Warren Hastings’s impeachment trial for his widespread corruption and misconduct in Bengal. The evolving debate about accountability and legitimacy emerging from this case marked the “beginnings of a consolidated liberal imperialism.” From then on, Britain’s “second” empire repeatedly confronted the question not of how to mitigate state violence, but of how to incorporate it into the rule of law and the principles of good governance.
大多数修正主义学者都认为大英帝国远非一个善良的行动者。这是一场异常残酷和暴力的战争。卡罗琳·埃尔金斯在她的新专著中建议加深我们对英国帝国主义者为什么不仅接受大规模暴力措施,而且随着时间的推移,他们是如何使这些措施合法化的理解。埃尔金斯将现有的修正主义观点向前推进了一步,提出了挑衅性的论点,即暴力实际上是自由帝国主义意识形态的核心。《暴力的遗产》在18世纪中期以后的特殊事件中缩小了范围,表明帝国合法性危机有助于证明在帝国治理中越来越多地使用身体暴力和认识论暴力。在文明使命中,暴力具有特殊的“道德影响”。对埃尔金斯来说,正是这种自由主义固有的改革和镇压的结合,解释了为什么大英帝国在几个世纪以来一直如此坚韧。第一部分“帝国国家”的主要贡献是对英国“第一”和“第二”帝国的学术辩论。C.A.Bayly等学者认为,英国在19世纪前美洲的“第一”帝国接受了通过奴役劳动和剥夺财产来广泛使用暴力,但这种暴力在19世纪有所减少,当时自由主义在国内兴起,“第二”帝国实现了更宏伟的全球目标。埃尔金斯反驳说,20世纪英国帝国暴力的根源源于近200年来在整个帝国流传的思想、辩论和实践。第一部分始于1756年,讲述了沃伦·黑斯廷斯因其在孟加拉的广泛腐败和不当行为而被弹劾的著名故事。从这起案件中出现的关于问责制和合法性的不断演变的辩论标志着“一个巩固的自由帝国主义的开始”。从那时起,英国的“第二”帝国一再面临的问题不是如何减轻国家暴力,而是如何将其纳入法治和善治原则。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Peacebuilding Legacy: Programming for Change and Young People’s Attitude to Peace 书评:《建设和平的遗产:变革方案和年轻人对和平的态度》
IF 2.2 4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231198210
Alina Dixon
A critical challenge faced by both peacebuilding scholars and practitioners is the failure of a normative approach to peacebuilding, one that is largely technocratic and programmatic, to achieve lasting peace. Following the limited successes of what is now referred to as the “liberal peace paradigm” after conflicts in places such as Rwanda, the DRC, Iraq, and many others in the late 1990s and early 2000s, many have suggested shifting towards more locally guided peacebuilding. As alternatives such as this “local turn” have been proposed, a rift has emerged between status-quo technocrats and advocates for transformative change through more “radical” or critical ideologies. At the heart of this debate is a question of the relevancy of liberal peacebuilding norms in societies where such norms have little, if any, resonance. In her new book, Peacebuilding Legacy: Programming for Change and Young People’s Attitude to Peace, Sukanya Podder tackles the fissure between technocratic and transformative peacebuilding. She addresses the extent to which peacebuilding initiatives positively shape attitudes towards peace over the long term. To do so, she investigates the fundamental question of whether a technocratic approach to peacebuilding is effective in building sustainable change after conflict. More specifically, Podder examines the uptake of liberal norms in peacebuilding programs and the ability of these norms to transform intergeneration and intergroup relations at the local level. Peacebuilding Legacy contributes to an important conversation regarding the relationship between the theoretical ideals of peacebuilding and their practical application and therefore is relevant for both scholarly and practitioner audiences.
建设和平学者和从业者面临的一个关键挑战是,建设和平的规范性方法未能实现持久和平,这种方法主要是技术官僚和方案性的。在20世纪90年代末和21世纪初卢旺达、刚果民主共和国、伊拉克和其他许多地方发生冲突后,现在被称为“自由和平模式”的模式取得了有限的成功,许多人建议转向更多由当地主导的建设和平。随着这种“地方转向”等替代方案的提出,现状技术官僚和通过更“激进”或批判性意识形态进行变革的倡导者之间出现了裂痕。这场辩论的核心是自由建设和平规范在这些规范几乎没有共鸣的社会中的相关性问题。在她的新书《建设和平遗产:变革规划与年轻人对和平的态度》中,Sukanya Podder解决了技术官僚与变革性建设和平之间的分歧。她谈到建设和平举措在多大程度上积极影响了长期对和平的态度。为此,她调查了一个根本问题,即技术官僚的建设和平方法是否能有效地在冲突后建立可持续的变革。更具体地说,波德尔研究了自由主义规范在建设和平项目中的应用,以及这些规范在地方一级改变代际和群体间关系的能力。《建设和平遗产》有助于就建设和平的理论理想与其实际应用之间的关系进行重要对话,因此对学术界和从业者都有意义。
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引用次数: 0
The AUKUS umbrella: Australia-US relations and strategic culture in the shadow of China's rise AUKUS保护伞:中国崛起阴影下的澳美关系与战略文化
IF 2.2 4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231195631
Lloyd Cox, Danny Cooper, B. O'connor
In September 2021, Australia, the US, and the United Kingdom entered into a new trilateral security pact, AUKUS. Central to AUKUS is Australia acquiring nuclear-powered submarines, scheduled to begin delivery in the 2030s. AUKUS was announced by Australia's previous conservative government, but it has also won the strong support of the new Labor government. The rationale behind AUKUS emphasizes growing security challenges in the Indo-Pacific and the advantages of joint capabilities and interoperability in the context of China's growing assertiveness in the region. This article examines AUKUS through the lens of China's rise and the contradictory economic and security imperatives that the agreement poses for Australia. We argue that AUKUS is the latest expression of Australia's strategic culture, which is premised on a fear of abandonment and a conviction that Australia's core security interests can only be guaranteed by the support of the US. Yet this position harbours risks that are not widely acknowledged. These include risks to Australia's sovereignty and other risks arising from the uncertainties of the US position in Asia and the volatility of US domestic politics.
2021年9月,澳大利亚、美国和英国签署了一项新的三边安全协定AUKUS。AUKUS的核心是澳大利亚获得核动力潜艇,计划于2030年代开始交付。AUKUS是由澳大利亚前保守党政府宣布的,但它也赢得了新工党政府的大力支持。AUKUS背后的理由强调了印太地区日益增长的安全挑战,以及在中国在该地区日益自信的背景下,联合能力和互操作性的优势。本文通过中国的崛起以及该协议对澳大利亚构成的相互矛盾的经济和安全需求来审视AUKUS。我们认为,AUKUS是澳大利亚战略文化的最新表达,其前提是担心被抛弃,并坚信澳大利亚的核心安全利益只有得到美国的支持才能得到保障。然而,这一立场蕴含着未被广泛承认的风险。其中包括澳大利亚主权面临的风险,以及美国在亚洲地位的不确定性和美国国内政治的动荡所带来的其他风险。
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引用次数: 1
Bound to Lead: US-Taiwan Relations, Security Networks, and The Future of AUKUS 引领:美台关系、安全网络与AUKUS的未来
IF 2.2 4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231197761
Christina Lai
In 2021 the US, UK, and Australia established a trilateral security partnership known as AUKUS. This new security arrangement carries strategic implications for Taiwan's national security and prospects for regional order in Asia. It also leads to empirical puzzles: how will members of multiple alliances respond to rising threats? Under what conditions can a patron state avoid unwanted entrapment and imperial overstretch? This article contributes to existing scholarship in US foreign policy and alliance management in Asia. It offers concrete thoughts on how a US policy of strategic clarity toward Taiwan and its contingency would enhance AUKUS's resilience, while US allies in Asia and Europe could maintain a collective stance of strategic ambiguity that would lessen internal tensions among the member states. Such an arrangement could not only help stabilize Asia's regional order, but also secure Taiwan's autonomy against Beijing's forced reunification.
2021年,美国、英国和澳大利亚建立了名为AUKUS的三边安全伙伴关系。这种新的安全安排对台湾的国家安全和亚洲地区秩序的前景具有战略意义。这也导致了一些经验上的难题:多个联盟的成员国将如何应对不断上升的威胁?在什么条件下,保护国才能避免不必要的陷阱和帝国的过度扩张?本文对美国外交政策和亚洲联盟管理方面的现有学术研究有所贡献。它提供了具体的想法,说明美国对台湾及其偶然性的战略明确性政策将如何增强AUKUS的弹性,而美国在亚洲和欧洲的盟友可以保持一种战略模糊的集体立场,以缓解成员国之间的内部紧张关系。这样的安排不仅有助于稳定亚洲地区秩序,而且还能确保台湾的自治,不受北京强行统一的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Guest Editor's Introduction: AUKUS among Democracies 客座编辑介绍:民主国家中的AUKUS
4区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/00207020231198134
Srdjan Vucetic
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引用次数: 0
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