Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10148
Álvaro Fernández-Fidalgo
This short note interprets µετέχω παιδείας in Sir 51:28 from the Hellenistic background of the expression and points out the protreptic character of Sir 51:13–30.
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Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10149
Vasile A. Condrea
For some time, linguists have agreed that (1) English is an SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) language and that (2) the purpose of this order is to indicate the difference between “John loves Mary” and “Mary loves John.” In contrast, Hebraists are still debating the first item. According to Holmstedt, Biblical Hebrew is an SVO language with the Verb-Subject-Object (VSO) order being “triggered” from SVO. By contrast, Hornkohl, Khan, and van der Merwe maintain that Biblical Hebrew is a VSO language with the SVO being the “marked” order. Hebraists rely on linguistic methods to answer these questions. This article evaluates the claims of the abovementioned authors from two perspectives: whether the linguistic methods they use are compatible (some approaches do not work well together) and whether the principles of their chosen linguistic method are followed. Suggestions for improvement for Khan and van der Merwe’s model are included.
一段时间以来，语言学家们一致认为：(1) 英语是一种 SVO（主语-动词-宾语）语言；(2) 这种顺序的目的是表明 "约翰爱玛丽 "和 "玛丽爱约翰 "之间的区别。与此相反，希伯来语学家仍在争论第一项。Holmstedt 认为，圣经希伯来语是一种 SVO 语言，动词-主语-宾语（VSO）顺序是从 SVO 中 "触发 "出来的。相比之下，Hornkohl、Khan 和 van der Merwe 则认为《圣经》希伯来语是一种 VSO 语言，SVO 是 "标记 "顺序。希伯来语学家依靠语言学方法来回答这些问题。本文从两个方面评估了上述作者的主张：他们所使用的语言学方法是否兼容（有些方法不能很好地结合使用），以及他们所选择的语言学方法是否遵循了原则。文章还对 Khan 和 van der Merwe 的模型提出了改进建议。
{"title":"Models of Word Order in Biblical Hebrew","authors":"Vasile A. Condrea","doi":"10.1163/15685330-bja10149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-bja10149","url":null,"abstract":"For some time, linguists have agreed that (1) English is an SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) language and that (2) the purpose of this order is to indicate the difference between “John loves Mary” and “Mary loves John.” In contrast, Hebraists are still debating the first item. According to Holmstedt, Biblical Hebrew is an SVO language with the Verb-Subject-Object (VSO) order being “triggered” from SVO. By contrast, Hornkohl, Khan, and van der Merwe maintain that Biblical Hebrew is a VSO language with the SVO being the “marked” order. Hebraists rely on linguistic methods to answer these questions. This article evaluates the claims of the abovementioned authors from two perspectives: whether the linguistic methods they use are compatible (some approaches do not work well together) and whether the principles of their chosen linguistic method are followed. Suggestions for improvement for Khan and van der Merwe’s model are included.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10150
Hananel Shapira
Through a literary-historical analysis of a specific excerpt (Jer 25:15–29) from the book of Jeremiah, this article argues that the elements present in the Masoretic Text but absent in the Septuagint are likely part of a more original version of the text. This conclusion challenges Stipp’s pre-Masoretic Idiolect theory, which posits that these elements always indicate the general priority of the Septuagint. Instead, this article suggests that Stipp’s theory oversimplifies the nuances of each occurrence, and that each textual unit should be analyzed independently. The origins of Stipp’s pre-Masoretic idiolect might emerge from the cases in which MT’s priority is to be preferred.
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Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10152
David Arthur
Although functioning primarily as a priest and a prophet, Ezekiel frequently utilized literary devices drawn from the wisdom tradition. The end to which he applied the tools of the wise was, however, far from typical. Where the counsel of the sages generally emphasized prudence and conformity, Ezekiel deployed sapiential speech forms within a disruptive rhetorical strategy designed to subvert debased institutions, delusional cult ideology, and aggrandizing historical narrative. This essay examines two examples from the prophet’s extensive repertoire, highlighting his idiosyncratic but devastatingly effective use of satire.
{"title":"Satire and Subversion in the Oracles of Ezekiel","authors":"David Arthur","doi":"10.1163/15685330-bja10152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-bja10152","url":null,"abstract":"Although functioning primarily as a priest and a prophet, Ezekiel frequently utilized literary devices drawn from the wisdom tradition. The end to which he applied the tools of the wise was, however, far from typical. Where the counsel of the sages generally emphasized prudence and conformity, Ezekiel deployed sapiential speech forms within a disruptive rhetorical strategy designed to subvert debased institutions, delusional cult ideology, and aggrandizing historical narrative. This essay examines two examples from the prophet’s extensive repertoire, highlighting his idiosyncratic but devastatingly effective use of satire.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10151
Danilo Verde
This paper aims to shed new light on the understudied classical Hebrew formulaic expression יום/עת צרה, “day/time of distress,” by investigating the Hebrew Bible, the Hebrew texts of Ben Sira, and the Dead Sea Scrolls. After describing the formulaic dimension of this phrase and its fixed linguistic and conceptual patterns, it will be argued that the concept of narrowness usually attributed to צרה does not stand out when this lexeme is in collocation with יום/עת. The formulaic expression יום/עת צרה indicates the inner turmoil caused by threats to life. The notion of narrowness may belong to the etymology and meaning potential of צרה, but is insufficient to describe the patchwork of emotional states that assaults on life cause in those who go through the יום/עת צרה. It will also be shown that sometimes the idiomatic expression יום/עת צרה is replaced by cognate phrases that, although semantically similar, are usually used to convey ideas that are not intrinsic to the widely used phrase יום/עת צרה.
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Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001159
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Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001158
James W. Watts
This essay constitutes a thematic review of two recent publications that utilize cognitive science to illuminate biblical concepts of pollution and purity. The review, adapted and expanded from James W. Watts, Leviticus 11–20 (HCOT; Leuven: Peeters, 2023), 31–34, sets these works in the broader context of each author’s work and juxtaposes their insights with other major publications on purity and pollution in the Bible.
这篇文章是对最近出版的两本利用认知科学来阐明圣经中关于污染和洁净概念的著作的专题回顾。这篇评论改编自 James W. Watts, Leviticus 11-20 (HCOT; Leuven: Peeters, 2023), 31-34，并对其进行了扩充，将这些作品置于每位作者作品的大背景下，并将它们的见解与其他关于圣经中的洁净和污染的主要出版物并列。
{"title":"Pollution in the Bible and in Cognitive Science: A Review of Recent Works by Thomas Kazen and Yitzhaq Feder","authors":"James W. Watts","doi":"10.1163/15685330-00001158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-00001158","url":null,"abstract":"This essay constitutes a thematic review of two recent publications that utilize cognitive science to illuminate biblical concepts of pollution and purity. The review, adapted and expanded from James W. Watts, Leviticus 11–20 (HCOT; Leuven: Peeters, 2023), 31–34, sets these works in the broader context of each author’s work and juxtaposes their insights with other major publications on purity and pollution in the Bible.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"4 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10146
Tova Ganzel
Abstract This article explores the roles of Sheshbazzar and Nehemiah in the Jerusalem Temple against the fabric of the Persian imperial rule and points to links between biblical and Mesopotamian temple portrayals. Within this context Sheshbazzar, the peḥā, characterizes a first phase, in which the empire accommodated and embraced local forms of leadership. In the second phase, Nehemiah, the royal cupbearer who initiated and coordinated the building of the Jerusalem wall, represents a form of leadership that was subject to more intensive imperial authority.
{"title":"Sheshbazzar and Nehemiah","authors":"Tova Ganzel","doi":"10.1163/15685330-bja10146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-bja10146","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the roles of Sheshbazzar and Nehemiah in the Jerusalem Temple against the fabric of the Persian imperial rule and points to links between biblical and Mesopotamian temple portrayals. Within this context Sheshbazzar, the peḥā, characterizes a first phase, in which the empire accommodated and embraced local forms of leadership. In the second phase, Nehemiah, the royal cupbearer who initiated and coordinated the building of the Jerusalem wall, represents a form of leadership that was subject to more intensive imperial authority.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135108956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10147
Chanan Ariel
Abstract It is well established in the literature that the vocalization of verbs in the Bible occasionally reflects late linguistic developments, specifically, changes in the Hebrew stem system during the Second Temple period, which affected the vocalization but not the consonantal orthography of the verb. This paper discusses five phenomena involving changes in the tense system, rather than the stem system, during the Second Temple period which are reflected in the orthography itself, namely, in the addition or omission of matres lectionis . I argue that the Second Temple scribes did not consider orthographical amendments involving matres lectionis as actual changes of the biblical text. As a result, they sometimes made such amendments, even in the conservative text of the Pentateuch. The five phenomena discussed here are examples of such amendments, reflecting changes in the Hebrew tense system during the Second Temple period. The reason tense-system developments are evident in the verbal orthography, while stem-system developments are not, is that the latter affected not only the vowels but also the consonants of the verbal forms, which the scribes avoided changing.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10140
Kevin Foth
Abstract The antecedent(s) of the 3ms verbal forms and 3ms pronouns in Ps 7:13–14 have long puzzled scholars, stimulating a wide range of interpretations. This article proposes a new solution, that YHWH is the subject of the first line of verse 13 and the remainder of the 3ms forms in verses 13–14 refer to the enemy of the psalmist. This solution accounts for the available data of grammar and syntax in addition to the context of the overall poem, where the description of the enemy and the actions of YHWH have verbal and thematic echoes with the content in vv. 13–14.
{"title":"A Solution to the Subject(s) of Psalm 7:13–14","authors":"Kevin Foth","doi":"10.1163/15685330-bja10140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-bja10140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The antecedent(s) of the 3ms verbal forms and 3ms pronouns in Ps 7:13–14 have long puzzled scholars, stimulating a wide range of interpretations. This article proposes a new solution, that YHWH is the subject of the first line of verse 13 and the remainder of the 3ms forms in verses 13–14 refer to the enemy of the psalmist. This solution accounts for the available data of grammar and syntax in addition to the context of the overall poem, where the description of the enemy and the actions of YHWH have verbal and thematic echoes with the content in vv. 13–14.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135108955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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