Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10099
Zachary Schoening
The traditional reading of Isa 46:1–4 understands the Babylonian gods as falling or toppling. Interpretation of the nature of their actions depends upon how one reads the verbiage applied to the deities, which hinges upon the translation of a series of either difficult or semantically diverse Hebrew terms. This essay analyzes these terms in light of comparative Semitic evidence. It also considers the passage in light of broader ancient Near Eastern ideological and mythological patterns. Finally, it explores some prominent motifs in the traditions of the Akītu festival, which constitutes the immediate frame of reference for the oracle’s imagery and against which Deutero-Isaiah was framing his rhetoric. Birth imagery, this essay contends, constitutes the primary rhetorical vehicle by which the prophet ridicules the Babylonian gods, portraying them as crouching in labor, and depicting them as inferior to Yahweh.
{"title":"“Bel Crouches; Nebo Travails”: Reading Birth Imagery in Isaiah 46:1–4","authors":"Zachary Schoening","doi":"10.1163/15685330-bja10099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-bja10099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The traditional reading of Isa 46:1–4 understands the Babylonian gods as falling or toppling. Interpretation of the nature of their actions depends upon how one reads the verbiage applied to the deities, which hinges upon the translation of a series of either difficult or semantically diverse Hebrew terms. This essay analyzes these terms in light of comparative Semitic evidence. It also considers the passage in light of broader ancient Near Eastern ideological and mythological patterns. Finally, it explores some prominent motifs in the traditions of the Akītu festival, which constitutes the immediate frame of reference for the oracle’s imagery and against which Deutero-Isaiah was framing his rhetoric. Birth imagery, this essay contends, constitutes the primary rhetorical vehicle by which the prophet ridicules the Babylonian gods, portraying them as crouching in labor, and depicting them as inferior to Yahweh.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75839436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10107
Eric X. Jarrard
This article expands the well-established relationship between Ezek 20 and the Holiness Code (H), developed by, among others, Michael Lyons. I argue that Ezekiel articulates the relationship between the exodus event and the legal material using an extensive intertextual allusion to H. These connections enable us to appreciate more thoroughly Ezekiel’s historiographical project, as well as exposing possible Deuteronomic redaction of the chapter that assumes and utilizes the established time patterning of the surrounding verses. The article concludes with a reflection on the mnemonic activity in Ezek 20 regarding how the chapter uses (proto-) Lev 18–20 to advocate for the preeminence of legal material and especially H in patterning time and conceptions of the exodus for future generations.
{"title":"A Legal Allusion: The Correlation of Law and History in Ezekiel 20","authors":"Eric X. Jarrard","doi":"10.1163/15685330-bja10107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-bja10107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article expands the well-established relationship between Ezek 20 and the Holiness Code (H), developed by, among others, Michael Lyons. I argue that Ezekiel articulates the relationship between the exodus event and the legal material using an extensive intertextual allusion to H. These connections enable us to appreciate more thoroughly Ezekiel’s historiographical project, as well as exposing possible Deuteronomic redaction of the chapter that assumes and utilizes the established time patterning of the surrounding verses. The article concludes with a reflection on the mnemonic activity in Ezek 20 regarding how the chapter uses (proto-) Lev 18–20 to advocate for the preeminence of legal material and especially H in patterning time and conceptions of the exodus for future generations.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79169403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10104
Andrew Tobolowsky
This article weighs in on new debates about the affiliation of the tribe of Benjamin between Israel and Judah in the early monarchy. It points to two underappreciated aspects of the Hebrew Bible’s account of tribal realities in the books of Kings: the anonymity of the ten tribes attributed to Israel in 1 Kgs 11–12, and how unusual the absence of a complete and detailed account of tribal arrangements in Kings is in the context of a Primary History as a whole. It argues that both of these realities reflect a deliberate effort to obscure Benjamin’s northern origins and that, in fact, it is impossible to come up with a plausible list of ten Israelite tribes without Benjamin.
{"title":"Benjamin and the Anonymous Ten Tribes of Israel: A Holistic Approach to Tribal Confusions","authors":"Andrew Tobolowsky","doi":"10.1163/15685330-bja10104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-bja10104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article weighs in on new debates about the affiliation of the tribe of Benjamin between Israel and Judah in the early monarchy. It points to two underappreciated aspects of the Hebrew Bible’s account of tribal realities in the books of Kings: the anonymity of the ten tribes attributed to Israel in 1 Kgs 11–12, and how unusual the absence of a complete and detailed account of tribal arrangements in Kings is in the context of a Primary History as a whole. It argues that both of these realities reflect a deliberate effort to obscure Benjamin’s northern origins and that, in fact, it is impossible to come up with a plausible list of ten Israelite tribes without Benjamin.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80053940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001150
Simeon Chavel
The argument draws upon literary theory to revisit the two clauses that, traditionally, make up Song 1:1. (1) The title evaluates the work as the song-most of songs. I argue that the evaluation refers to the work’s manifold form of simulation—a literary work representing the speech of a dreamer, who speaks from both inside and outside the dream. (2) The scoring in MT, the rubric in LXX (Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus), ancient interpreters and modern all take the first words of the Song of Songs to be a heading, comprising title (שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים) and attribution (אֲשֶׁר לִשְׁלֹמֹה). I argue that the clause marked and understood as an attribution may be the beginning of the character’s speech.
{"title":"Song of Songs 1:1—Text and Paratext","authors":"Simeon Chavel","doi":"10.1163/15685330-00001150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-00001150","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The argument draws upon literary theory to revisit the two clauses that, traditionally, make up Song 1:1. (1) The title evaluates the work as the song-most of songs. I argue that the evaluation refers to the work’s manifold form of simulation—a literary work representing the speech of a dreamer, who speaks from both inside and outside the dream. (2) The scoring in MT, the rubric in LXX (Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus), ancient interpreters and modern all take the first words of the Song of Songs to be a heading, comprising title (שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים) and attribution (אֲשֶׁר לִשְׁלֹמֹה). I argue that the clause marked and understood as an attribution may be the beginning of the character’s speech.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87524220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001154-02
N. Greene
{"title":"Das erinnerte Heiligtum: Tradition und Geschichte der Kultstätte in Schilo, written by Ann-Kathrin Knittel","authors":"N. Greene","doi":"10.1163/15685330-00001154-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-00001154-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"522 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77101637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001154-01
J. Cruz
{"title":"The Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah, written by Thomas Renz","authors":"J. Cruz","doi":"10.1163/15685330-00001154-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-00001154-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76814678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001154-04
Arthur Keefer
{"title":"Proverbs: A Shorter Commentary, written by Bruce K. Waltke and Ivan D. V. de Silva","authors":"Arthur Keefer","doi":"10.1163/15685330-00001154-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-00001154-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72914731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001154-05
H. G. M. Williamson
{"title":"Tora in der Chronik: Studien zur Rezeption des Pentateuchs in den Chronikbüchern, written by Lars Maskow","authors":"H. G. M. Williamson","doi":"10.1163/15685330-00001154-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-00001154-05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76091507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001154-03
George G. Nicol
{"title":"United in Exile, Reunited in Restoration: The Chronicler’s Agenda, written by Jordan Guy","authors":"George G. Nicol","doi":"10.1163/15685330-00001154-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-00001154-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89121318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001152
K. Trompelt
This article describes how the Masoretic accents found in the poetic books of Psalms, Job, and Proverbs (ספרי אמ״ת) divide and structure the text. It provides a detailed description of the hierarchical structure of the Masoretic accents used in these books. It also discusses the law of continuous dichotomy, which constitutes an essential principle that underlies every division of the text by the Masoretic accents. In particular, this article highlights the specific characteristics of the Masoretic accentuation in the poetic books, compared with the other books of the Hebrew Bible (כ״א ספרים). Throughout the article, the Masoretic accents are revealed to be of great relevance for the Masoretic text, because they mark the syntactic structure of every verse. Therefore, the Masoretic accents deserve the full attention of modern scholars who seek to study the Masoretic text.
{"title":"Die masoretische Akzentuation in den poetischen Büchern (ספרי אמ״ת)","authors":"K. Trompelt","doi":"10.1163/15685330-00001152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-00001152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article describes how the Masoretic accents found in the poetic books of Psalms, Job, and Proverbs (ספרי אמ״ת) divide and structure the text. It provides a detailed description of the hierarchical structure of the Masoretic accents used in these books. It also discusses the law of continuous dichotomy, which constitutes an essential principle that underlies every division of the text by the Masoretic accents. In particular, this article highlights the specific characteristics of the Masoretic accentuation in the poetic books, compared with the other books of the Hebrew Bible (כ״א ספרים). Throughout the article, the Masoretic accents are revealed to be of great relevance for the Masoretic text, because they mark the syntactic structure of every verse. Therefore, the Masoretic accents deserve the full attention of modern scholars who seek to study the Masoretic text.","PeriodicalId":46329,"journal":{"name":"VETUS TESTAMENTUM","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77696847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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