<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in less than 45 years of age is termed as young onset CAD. There is an alarming increase in young-onset CAD in Low- and Middle-Income countries, especially in the Asian Subcontinent.</div></div><div><h3>Aim and objectives</h3><div>The study aimed to estimate the clinical profile, risk factors, and post-angiography outcome at six months among young-onset CAD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A prospective study was conducted at a national, tertiary care, government referral hospital in North India, from October 2022 to November 2023. All patients undergoing coronary angiography following CAD and less than 45 years of age were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Data was collected using a structured pilot-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and review of medical records and analysed using R version 4.2.3.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 55 patients with a mean age of 39.2 years and majority being males. The common risk factors observed were smoking (36.3 %) and dyslipidemia (9 %). Most of the participants presented with dyspnea and chest pain together (30.9 %). The NYHA class at presentation was class III (73 %). 5.5 % had thrombocytopenia, transaminitis was in 14.5 % and 36.7 % had dyslipidemia. CRP was increased in 52.7 % and abnormal cardiac markers in (63.6 %). The ECG showed ST depression, T Inversion (51 %), ST elevation (29 %), left ventricle hypertrophy in 3.7 %. Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly in 16.4 %. Coronary angiography showed that among total patients 60 % had single vessel disease, 21.8 % had double vessel disease and 18.2 % had triple vessel disease. Further 32.7 % were diagnosed NSTEMI, 29.1 % with STEMI and 16.4 % each had stable and unstable angina respectively. 20 % had EF 45%–55 %, 11 % had EF <45 %+ hypokinesia, 5.5 % had EF <45 %, 3.6 % each had EF 45%–55 %+ hypokinesia and EF <45 %+ Hypokinesia + Valvular insufficiency respectively and 1.8 % had EF <45 %+ valvular insufficiency. Angioplasty was done in 81.8 % and CABG in 14.5 %. At the 6th month of follow up NYHA grading was class I in 56.6 % and class II in 37.8 % and class III in 5.6 %. The mortality rate was 3.6 % (2 deaths) because of cardiac failure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study concludes that six month survival for the diagnosis was 96.4 %. Modifiable risk factors (such as smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity) and non modifiable risk factors (sex and family history) both are directly associated with early Coronary artery disease. Majority of the patients presented with chest pain and dyspnea. The common biochemical derangements found were elevated CRP and cardiac biomarkers. In non invasive tests ECG and 2D Echocardiography were found to be good tools for evaluation of CAD as ECG changes such as ST elevation, T wave inversion, ST depression etc and 2D Echo findings like Reduced ejection fraction and regional wall motion abnormali
导言45岁以下的冠状动脉疾病（CAD）被称为年轻发病的CAD。该研究旨在估测年轻冠心病患者的临床概况、风险因素和血管造影术后 6 个月的预后。方法 2022 年 10 月至 2023 年 11 月，一项前瞻性研究在印度北部一家国家三级政府转诊医院进行。在获得知情同意后，所有接受冠状动脉造影术的 CAD 患者均被纳入研究。研究采用经过试验性测试的结构化访谈调查问卷和病历审查收集数据，并使用 R 4.2.3 版进行分析。研究共纳入 55 名患者，平均年龄为 39.2 岁，男性占多数。常见的危险因素是吸烟（36.3%）和血脂异常（9%）。大多数参与者同时伴有呼吸困难和胸痛（30.9%）。发病时的 NYHA 分级为 III 级（73%）。5.5%的人患有血小板减少症，14.5%的人患有转氨酶炎，36.7%的人患有血脂异常。52.7%的患者 CRP 升高，63.6%的患者心脏指标异常。心电图显示：ST压低、T倒置（51%）、ST抬高（29%）、左心室肥大（3.7%）。胸部 X 光检查显示，16.4% 的患者有心脏肥大。冠状动脉造影显示，患者中 60% 患有单血管疾病，21.8% 患有双血管疾病，18.2% 患有三血管疾病。此外，32.7%的患者被诊断为非STEMI，29.1%为STEMI，稳定型和不稳定型心绞痛患者各占16.4%。20% 的患者 EF 值为 45%-55%，11% 的患者 EF 值为 <45 %+ 运动功能减退，5.5% 的患者 EF 值为 <45 %，EF 值为 45%-55 %+ 运动功能减退和 EF 值为 <45 %+ 运动功能减退 + 瓣膜功能不全的患者各占 3.6%，1.8% 的患者 EF 值为 <45 %+ 瓣膜功能不全。81.8%的患者接受了血管成形术，14.5%的患者接受了 CABG。随访第 6 个月时，NYHA 分级为 I 级的占 56.6%，II 级的占 37.8%，III 级的占 5.6%。因心力衰竭导致的死亡率为 3.6%（2 人死亡）。可改变的危险因素（如吸烟、血脂异常、肥胖）和不可改变的危险因素（性别和家族史）都与早期冠状动脉疾病直接相关。大多数患者表现为胸痛和呼吸困难。常见的生化指标异常是 CRP 和心脏生物标志物升高。在非侵入性检查中，发现心电图和二维超声心动图是评估 CAD 的良好工具，因为大多数患者都有心电图变化，如 ST 波抬高、T 波倒置、ST 波压低等，二维超声检查结果如射血分数降低和区域室壁运动异常。进行血管成形术后，患者的病情有所改善。在 6 个月的随访中，NYHA 评分（即 1 级和 2 级）明显改善，患者无症状。研究期间，55 名患者中有 2 人死亡，主要原因是心力衰竭。
{"title":"Young onset coronary artery disease in India: A descriptive observational study","authors":"Manjit Singh, Ratheesh Kumar, Vishal Kansal, Anuj Singhal, Amul Kapoor, Gurpreet Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in less than 45 years of age is termed as young onset CAD. There is an alarming increase in young-onset CAD in Low- and Middle-Income countries, especially in the Asian Subcontinent.</div></div><div><h3>Aim and objectives</h3><div>The study aimed to estimate the clinical profile, risk factors, and post-angiography outcome at six months among young-onset CAD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A prospective study was conducted at a national, tertiary care, government referral hospital in North India, from October 2022 to November 2023. All patients undergoing coronary angiography following CAD and less than 45 years of age were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Data was collected using a structured pilot-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and review of medical records and analysed using R version 4.2.3.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 55 patients with a mean age of 39.2 years and majority being males. The common risk factors observed were smoking (36.3 %) and dyslipidemia (9 %). Most of the participants presented with dyspnea and chest pain together (30.9 %). The NYHA class at presentation was class III (73 %). 5.5 % had thrombocytopenia, transaminitis was in 14.5 % and 36.7 % had dyslipidemia. CRP was increased in 52.7 % and abnormal cardiac markers in (63.6 %). The ECG showed ST depression, T Inversion (51 %), ST elevation (29 %), left ventricle hypertrophy in 3.7 %. Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly in 16.4 %. Coronary angiography showed that among total patients 60 % had single vessel disease, 21.8 % had double vessel disease and 18.2 % had triple vessel disease. Further 32.7 % were diagnosed NSTEMI, 29.1 % with STEMI and 16.4 % each had stable and unstable angina respectively. 20 % had EF 45%–55 %, 11 % had EF <45 %+ hypokinesia, 5.5 % had EF <45 %, 3.6 % each had EF 45%–55 %+ hypokinesia and EF <45 %+ Hypokinesia + Valvular insufficiency respectively and 1.8 % had EF <45 %+ valvular insufficiency. Angioplasty was done in 81.8 % and CABG in 14.5 %. At the 6th month of follow up NYHA grading was class I in 56.6 % and class II in 37.8 % and class III in 5.6 %. The mortality rate was 3.6 % (2 deaths) because of cardiac failure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study concludes that six month survival for the diagnosis was 96.4 %. Modifiable risk factors (such as smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity) and non modifiable risk factors (sex and family history) both are directly associated with early Coronary artery disease. Majority of the patients presented with chest pain and dyspnea. The common biochemical derangements found were elevated CRP and cardiac biomarkers. In non invasive tests ECG and 2D Echocardiography were found to be good tools for evaluation of CAD as ECG changes such as ST elevation, T wave inversion, ST depression etc and 2D Echo findings like Reduced ejection fraction and regional wall motion abnormali","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101826
Zohre Fakhrieh- Kashan , Eshrat Beigom Kia , Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani , Seyed Reza Dabaghi , Mohammad Amin Sari , Enayat Darabi
Background
Hypereosinophilia is characterized by an increase in eosinophil levels above the normal range. Secondary hypereosinophilia is frequently seen in helminth infections and allergic conditions. If not diagnosed and managed promptly, eosinophilia can result in various complications impacting health. The aim of this study was to explore the seroprevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and Toxocara spp. among hypereosinophilic patients undergoing evaluation at selected diagnostic centers in Tehran.
Methods
A comprehensive questionnaire was completed, and a blood sample was collected from each participant. The seropositivity of helminth infections was ascertained through indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing commercially procured kits for discerning anti-S. stercoralis and anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibodies. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 21 software.
Results
Of the 135 participants in this study, 61 (45.2 %) were male and 74 (54.8 %) were female. The seropositivity rates for strongyloidiasis and toxocariasis were found to be 9.6 % and 0.74 %, respectively. Among the various underlying medical conditions observed in the participants, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) was the most prevalent, and it showed a significant association with seropositivity for strongyloidiasis (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The seropositivity for S. stercoralis was higher than that for Toxocara spp.. The significant association between seropositivity for S. stercoralis and diabetes underscores the importance of conducting community-based studies and implementing screening initiatives targeting high-risk populations to assess the seroprevalence of strongyloidiasis.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of strongyloidiasis and toxocariasis among hypereosinophilic patients seeking care at diagnostic centers in Tehran, Iran","authors":"Zohre Fakhrieh- Kashan , Eshrat Beigom Kia , Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani , Seyed Reza Dabaghi , Mohammad Amin Sari , Enayat Darabi","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypereosinophilia is characterized by an increase in eosinophil levels above the normal range. Secondary hypereosinophilia is frequently seen in helminth infections and allergic conditions. If not diagnosed and managed promptly, eosinophilia can result in various complications impacting health. The aim of this study was to explore the seroprevalence of <em>Strongyloides stercoralis</em> and <em>Toxocara</em> spp. among hypereosinophilic patients undergoing evaluation at selected diagnostic centers in Tehran<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive questionnaire was completed, and a blood sample was collected from each participant. The seropositivity of helminth infections was ascertained through indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing commercially procured kits for discerning anti-<em>S. stercoralis</em> and anti-<em>Toxocara</em> spp. IgG antibodies. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 21 software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 135 participants in this study, 61 (45.2 %) were male and 74 (54.8 %) were female. The seropositivity rates for strongyloidiasis and toxocariasis were found to be 9.6 % and 0.74 %, respectively. Among the various underlying medical conditions observed in the participants, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) was the most prevalent, and it showed a significant association with seropositivity for strongyloidiasis (p < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The seropositivity for <em>S. stercoralis</em> was higher than that for <em>Toxocara</em> spp.. The significant association between seropositivity for <em>S. stercoralis</em> and diabetes underscores the importance of conducting community-based studies and implementing screening initiatives targeting high-risk populations to assess the seroprevalence of strongyloidiasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101860
Shubhashisha Mohanty , Birasen Behera , Abhinav Sinha , Madhusmita Bal , Sanghamitra Pati , Prakash Kumar Sahoo
Background
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like lymphatic filariasis (LF) affect over 1 billion people globally, with India being a significant hotspot. Challenges persist despite global and national efforts, including the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) and India's National Filaria Control Programme. We conducted a study to assess the coverage and compliance of mass drug administartion (MDA) to improve LF elimination efforts in the Khordha district of Odisha, India.
Methods
A sample of 2281 participants, including both males and females aged two years or older, was chosen through multistage stratified sampling. These participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Collected data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of filariasis, coverage and consumption of MDA drugs were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine coverage and compliance, with results presented alongside a 95 % confidence interval.
Results
In our study, coverage and compliance rates were 86.36 % and 91.12 % for Albendazole, while 84.12 % and 90.62 % for DEC respectively. Fear of side effects was the reason for most of the participants' non-consumption. The coverage rate was low in urban areas because of gated communities and a lack of confidence in drug distributors.
Conclusion
This recent round of MDA was effective but still fear of side effects and lack of awareness were major challenges for the compliance of MDA drugs that need to be addressed for the complete eradication of LF.
{"title":"Mass drug administration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: A population-based coverage and compliance study in Eastern India","authors":"Shubhashisha Mohanty , Birasen Behera , Abhinav Sinha , Madhusmita Bal , Sanghamitra Pati , Prakash Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like lymphatic filariasis (LF) affect over 1 billion people globally, with India being a significant hotspot. Challenges persist despite global and national efforts, including the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) and India's National Filaria Control Programme. We conducted a study to assess the coverage and compliance of mass drug administartion (MDA) to improve LF elimination efforts in the Khordha district of Odisha, India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 2281 participants, including both males and females aged two years or older, was chosen through multistage stratified sampling. These participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Collected data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of filariasis, coverage and consumption of MDA drugs were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine coverage and compliance, with results presented alongside a 95 % confidence interval.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In our study, coverage and compliance rates were 86.36 % and 91.12 % for Albendazole, while 84.12 % and 90.62 % for DEC respectively. Fear of side effects was the reason for most of the participants' non-consumption. The coverage rate was low in urban areas because of gated communities and a lack of confidence in drug distributors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This recent round of MDA was effective but still fear of side effects and lack of awareness were major challenges for the compliance of MDA drugs that need to be addressed for the complete eradication of LF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101838
Bekzat M. Turmakhanbetov , Gulnara Zh Tokmurzieva , Zakira A. Kerimbaeva , Reeti Debnath , Maral G. Nogaeva , Roza Ongalova , Aigul Tazhiyeva
Background
This study aims to investigate the incidence and mortality rates of malignant neoplasms in Kazakhstan in 2022 and to analyze the organizational aspects of cancer care.
Methods
Data from 33,177 patients with malignant neoplasms registered in oncological institutions in 2022 were analyzed. The study focused on treatment completion rates and the distribution of treatment modalities, including surgical, radiation, medicinal, combined, comprehensive, and chemo-radiation therapies. Comparative analysis with international data was conducted to assess the effectiveness and adherence to global oncological standards.
Results
The analysis revealed that 55.2 % of patients completed specialized treatment, with complex treatment being the most common modality (94.3 %). High completion rates were observed in breast cancer (65.9 %) and cervical cancer (68.8 %), reflecting the effectiveness of early detection and multidisciplinary approaches. However, lower completion rates were noted in liver cancer (26.2 %) and leukemia (23.0 %), highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies. Comparative international data indicated similar trends, with countries like the USA, UK, Japan, and Australia demonstrating the effectiveness of multidisciplinary and comprehensive treatment approaches.
Conclusion
The study underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in treating malignant neoplasms, with Kazakhstan's practices largely aligning with international standards. Nevertheless, there is a need to enhance early diagnosis and treatment completion rates for specific cancers such as liver cancer and leukemia. Strengthening screening programs, improving access to modern treatments, and integrating international best practices can further improve patient outcomes in Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Incidence of malignant neoplasms and organizational aspects of cancer care in the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"Bekzat M. Turmakhanbetov , Gulnara Zh Tokmurzieva , Zakira A. Kerimbaeva , Reeti Debnath , Maral G. Nogaeva , Roza Ongalova , Aigul Tazhiyeva","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the incidence and mortality rates of malignant neoplasms in Kazakhstan in 2022 and to analyze the organizational aspects of cancer care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 33,177 patients with malignant neoplasms registered in oncological institutions in 2022 were analyzed. The study focused on treatment completion rates and the distribution of treatment modalities, including surgical, radiation, medicinal, combined, comprehensive, and chemo-radiation therapies. Comparative analysis with international data was conducted to assess the effectiveness and adherence to global oncological standards.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis revealed that 55.2 % of patients completed specialized treatment, with complex treatment being the most common modality (94.3 %). High completion rates were observed in breast cancer (65.9 %) and cervical cancer (68.8 %), reflecting the effectiveness of early detection and multidisciplinary approaches. However, lower completion rates were noted in liver cancer (26.2 %) and leukemia (23.0 %), highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies. Comparative international data indicated similar trends, with countries like the USA, UK, Japan, and Australia demonstrating the effectiveness of multidisciplinary and comprehensive treatment approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in treating malignant neoplasms, with Kazakhstan's practices largely aligning with international standards. Nevertheless, there is a need to enhance early diagnosis and treatment completion rates for specific cancers such as liver cancer and leukemia. Strengthening screening programs, improving access to modern treatments, and integrating international best practices can further improve patient outcomes in Kazakhstan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101857
Amjed Ben Haouala , Lina Brahmi , Sarra Ibn Khedher , Ahmed Mhalla , Ferid Zaafrane , Lotfi Gaha , Chawki Lousaief , Badii Amamou
<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unpredicted health crisis. Patients with covid-19 staying at a lockdown center are exposed to major psychological distress and need appropriate care. In our study, we were interested in COVID-19 patients, staying at a Tunisian lockdown center to evaluate the psychological repercussions of getting infected by COVID-19 and being placed in quarantine.</div><div>Data collected was about the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Psychological distress was assessed by the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21)))in the Arabic version. Qualitative variables were described using frequencies and quantitative ones were described using means and standard deviations (DS).</div><div>A comparison of sociodemographic variables between COVID-19 patients was performed through a T-test and one away ANOVA.</div><div>Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify the variables independently associated with the DASS-21 score.</div><div>A total of 148 patients were recruited. The mean age was 41.39, and the sex ratio was 1.17. The stay in the lockdown center was 35.86 days with extremes ranging from 7 to 86 days.</div><div>79.7 % of participants were asymptomatic while 20.3 % of them were symptomatic. According to DASS-21 scores, 74.3 % of participants were not depressed and 64.9 % among them were not anxious. In addition, mild to moderate types of depression, anxiety and stress were more frequent than severe and extremely severe types. Several factors were significantly associated with psychological distress like the misjudgment of physical and mental health and the fear of being contagious. The female gender and the length of stay in the lockdown center were significantly associated with anxiety and depression. Age over 41 years old, physical illnesses, and symptoms of COVID-19 were significantly associated with the severity of psychological distress.</div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unpredictable global crisis that is far from being a simple health crisis with repercussions on all dimensions of life. It had negatively impacted the economy, environment, social interactions, cultural life, and our physical health and mental health. Thus, multidisciplinary interventions after the period of infection are strongly recommended.</div></div><div><div>La pandémie du COVID-19 a provoqué une crise sanitaire imprévue. Les patients atteints de covid-19 séjournant dans un centre de confinement sont exposés à une détresse psychologique majeure et ont besoin de soins appropriés. Dans notre étude, nous nous sommes intéressés aux patients COVID-19, séjournant dans un centre de confinement tunisien pour évaluer les répercussions psychologiques d’être infectés par COVID-19 et d’être placé en quarantaine.</div><div>Les données recueillies portaient sur les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et cliniques des patients. La détresse psychologique a été évaluée par l’échelle
2019冠状病毒病大流行引发了一场意想不到的健康危机。住在封锁中心的covid-19患者面临严重的心理困扰，需要适当的护理。在我们的研究中，我们对COVID-19患者感兴趣，他们住在突尼斯的一个封锁中心，以评估被COVID-19感染并被隔离的心理影响。收集的数据是关于患者的社会人口学和临床特征。心理困扰采用阿拉伯语版抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS-21）进行评估。定性变量用频率描述，定量变量用均值和标准差（DS）描述。通过t检验和单因素方差分析对COVID-19患者之间的社会人口学变量进行比较。采用多元线性回归分析确定与DASS-21评分独立相关的变量。共招募了148名患者。平均年龄41.39岁，性别比1.17。在隔离中心的停留时间为35.86天，最长时间为7天至86天，无症状者占79.7%，有症状者占20.3%。根据DASS-21评分，74.3%的参与者没有抑郁，64.9%的参与者没有焦虑。此外，轻至中度的抑郁、焦虑和压力比严重和极严重的类型更频繁。有几个因素与心理困扰密切相关，比如对身心健康的误判，以及对传染性的恐惧。女性性别和在封锁中心的停留时间与焦虑和抑郁显著相关。年龄超过41岁、身体疾病和COVID-19症状与心理困扰的严重程度显著相关。2019冠状病毒病大流行造成了一场不可预测的全球危机，这远非一场影响到生活各个方面的简单健康危机。它对经济、环境、社会交往、文化生活以及我们的身心健康产生了负面影响。因此，强烈建议在感染期后进行多学科干预。新冠肺炎病毒的传染是一种挑衅，一种危机的传染。患者尝试将2019冠状病毒病的精神病学研究中心的精神病学研究中心的精神病学研究中心的精神病学研究中心的精神病学研究中心的精神病学研究中心的研究中心。我们不知道，有些人认为，在与COVID-19患者有关的通讯装置，有些人认为与COVID-19患者有关的通讯装置，有些人认为与COVID-19患者有关的通讯装置，有些人认为与COVID-19患者有关的通讯装置，有些人认为与COVID-19患者有关的通讯装置，有些人认为与COVID-19患者有关的通讯装置，有些人认为与COVID-19患者有关的。人格障碍通常是指人格障碍、人格障碍、社会障碍和临床障碍。a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a . a。将定性变量与和其他形式的和其他形式的（DS）进行比较，将定量变量与和其他形式的（DS）进行比较。一项比较变量的社会变异体研究表明，在COVID-19患者中，与其他患者相比，患者的变异体与其他患者的变异体之间存在差异。Des分析了DASS-21分数下的变项、变项、变项、变项、变项和变项。总共有148名患者接受了治疗。L ' ge moyen和le rapport de masculinity分别为41,39和11,17。La duracei du ssamjour dans le centre de月子转换器转换器35,86小时，平均值为extrêmes allant de 78,86小时。79.7%的参与者有无症状的抑郁症状，20.3%的参与者有无症状的抑郁症状。Selon - les得分dass - 21,74,3 %的参与者表示，他们的 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -另外，还有其他类型的samsamers，例如：modsamsamers，忧郁的samsamers，忧郁的samsamers，忧郁的samsamers，忧郁的samsamers，忧郁的samsamers，忧郁的samsamers，忧郁的samsamers，忧郁的samsamers，忧郁的samsamers，忧郁的samsamers。多重因素，如：与其他因素有关，如：与其他因素有关，如：与其他因素有关。e - sexe fsamminin et la dursame du ssamjour dans Le centre de confinement - samtaient意义associes - samezl ' anxicest - samezest . com -忧郁。L ' ge de + de 41 ans， les maladies physiques et les symptômes de la COVID-19 -19的意义与关联， la gravis, de la dastress psychologique。新冠病毒感染的病毒和其他疾病的病毒一样，是一种简单的病毒感染，是一种简单的病毒感染，是一种简单的病毒感染。在经济上，在环境上，在社会上，在文化生活上，在身体上，在精神上，在生活上，在生活上。在印度，多学科干预计划（多学科干预计划）采用了预防感染和预防感染的方法。
{"title":"The psychological impact of quarantine on patients with COVID-19 at the lockdown center of Monastir (Tunisia)","authors":"Amjed Ben Haouala , Lina Brahmi , Sarra Ibn Khedher , Ahmed Mhalla , Ferid Zaafrane , Lotfi Gaha , Chawki Lousaief , Badii Amamou","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unpredicted health crisis. Patients with covid-19 staying at a lockdown center are exposed to major psychological distress and need appropriate care. In our study, we were interested in COVID-19 patients, staying at a Tunisian lockdown center to evaluate the psychological repercussions of getting infected by COVID-19 and being placed in quarantine.</div><div>Data collected was about the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Psychological distress was assessed by the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21)))in the Arabic version. Qualitative variables were described using frequencies and quantitative ones were described using means and standard deviations (DS).</div><div>A comparison of sociodemographic variables between COVID-19 patients was performed through a T-test and one away ANOVA.</div><div>Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify the variables independently associated with the DASS-21 score.</div><div>A total of 148 patients were recruited. The mean age was 41.39, and the sex ratio was 1.17. The stay in the lockdown center was 35.86 days with extremes ranging from 7 to 86 days.</div><div>79.7 % of participants were asymptomatic while 20.3 % of them were symptomatic. According to DASS-21 scores, 74.3 % of participants were not depressed and 64.9 % among them were not anxious. In addition, mild to moderate types of depression, anxiety and stress were more frequent than severe and extremely severe types. Several factors were significantly associated with psychological distress like the misjudgment of physical and mental health and the fear of being contagious. The female gender and the length of stay in the lockdown center were significantly associated with anxiety and depression. Age over 41 years old, physical illnesses, and symptoms of COVID-19 were significantly associated with the severity of psychological distress.</div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unpredictable global crisis that is far from being a simple health crisis with repercussions on all dimensions of life. It had negatively impacted the economy, environment, social interactions, cultural life, and our physical health and mental health. Thus, multidisciplinary interventions after the period of infection are strongly recommended.</div></div><div><div>La pandémie du COVID-19 a provoqué une crise sanitaire imprévue. Les patients atteints de covid-19 séjournant dans un centre de confinement sont exposés à une détresse psychologique majeure et ont besoin de soins appropriés. Dans notre étude, nous nous sommes intéressés aux patients COVID-19, séjournant dans un centre de confinement tunisien pour évaluer les répercussions psychologiques d’être infectés par COVID-19 et d’être placé en quarantaine.</div><div>Les données recueillies portaient sur les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et cliniques des patients. La détresse psychologique a été évaluée par l’échelle","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although COVID-19 became endemic status in September 2022, studies and monitoring of individuals infected with COVID-19 have revealed that some develop Long COVID. This study aims to describe the prevalence of Long COVID and related factors among COVID-19-infected university students and staff in Thailand.
Methods
This study used a retrospective cohort design to investigate Long COVID and its associated factors among university students and staff members who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 and reported their results to the University COVID-19 Reporting system between February 21 and June 30, 2022.
Results
The results indicated that the prevalence of Long COVID was 51.9 %. Among them 92.7 % had multiple symptoms. The most common symptoms were fatigue (65.8 %), easy tiredness (59.2 %), and easy tiredness after physical activity (44.7 %). Multiple logistic regression showed that factors associated with Long COVID were female compared to male (aOR = 2.228, 95 % CI = 1.743–2.849), and aged 20–29 years compared to being under 20 years old (aOR = 1.288, 95 % CI = 1.005–1.650). People with comorbidities compared to those without (aOR = 1.503, 95%CI = 1.099–2.056). People with the highest severity compared to those with mild severity (aOR = 2.041, 95%CI = 1.380–3.018), as well as those infected with Covid-19 twice or more compared to those infected once (aOR = 2.014, 95%CI = 1.346–3.012).
Conclusion
Long COVID symptoms should be closely monitored, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions and those who experienced severe symptoms during their COVID-19 infection.
{"title":"Long COVID among infected students and staff in Chiang Mai university, Chiang Mai, Thailand","authors":"Ekachai Jaiprom , Parichat Ong-artborirak , Atchara Sriplakich , Sineenart Chautrakarn","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although COVID-19 became endemic status in September 2022, studies and monitoring of individuals infected with COVID-19 have revealed that some develop Long COVID. This study aims to describe the prevalence of Long COVID and related factors among COVID-19-infected university students and staff in Thailand.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used a retrospective cohort design to investigate Long COVID and its associated factors among university students and staff members who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 and reported their results to the University COVID-19 Reporting system between February 21 and June 30, 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated that the prevalence of Long COVID was 51.9 %. Among them 92.7 % had multiple symptoms. The most common symptoms were fatigue (65.8 %), easy tiredness (59.2 %), and easy tiredness after physical activity (44.7 %). Multiple logistic regression showed that factors associated with Long COVID were female compared to male (aOR = 2.228, 95 % CI = 1.743–2.849), and aged 20–29 years compared to being under 20 years old (aOR = 1.288, 95 % CI = 1.005–1.650). People with comorbidities compared to those without (aOR = 1.503, 95%CI = 1.099–2.056). People with the highest severity compared to those with mild severity (aOR = 2.041, 95%CI = 1.380–3.018), as well as those infected with Covid-19 twice or more compared to those infected once (aOR = 2.014, 95%CI = 1.346–3.012).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Long COVID symptoms should be closely monitored, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions and those who experienced severe symptoms during their COVID-19 infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) originates from the lymphoid tissues with a great morbidity and economic burden. It accounts for about 5 % of cancers in the United States (US) in 2024. We aimed to report the incidence trend of pediatric NHL in the US over 2000–2020, by age, sex, and subtype.
Methods
We utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cases were categorized using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology version 3. We reported age-standariszed incidence rates (ASIRs) and average annual percent changes (AAPC).
Results
From 2000 to 2019, there were 38,098 reported cases of pediatric NHL, with B-cell NHL being the most common subtype (84.31 %). Most cases were observed in non-Hispanic Whites (46.71 %) and children aged ≤4 years (37.26 %). The ASIR per 100,000 population was 5.47 (5.40–5.54) for males and 3.95 (3.89–4.01) for females. Over the study period, both sexes showed significant increases in ASIRs (AAPCs of 0.93 % for males and 0.51 % for females). However, no significant changes were observed in the ASIRs of pediatric NHL across all races and both sexes after the COVID-19 pandemic (percent change: 1.30 % [-5.10, 7.70]).
Conclusions
While overall incidence rates remained stable, significant demographic variations were evident, including increases among Hispanic males and decreases among NHB females. There is a need for targeted interventions to address demographic disparities and the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influencing NHL ASIRs in pediatric populations.
背景非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）起源于淋巴组织，发病率高，经济负担重。到 2024 年，它将占美国癌症发病率的 5%。我们旨在报告 2000-2020 年间美国小儿 NHL 的发病趋势（按年龄、性别和亚型分类）。病例采用《国际肿瘤疾病分类》第 3 版进行分类。结果从 2000 年到 2019 年，共报告了 38098 例小儿 NHL 病例，其中 B 细胞 NHL 是最常见的亚型（84.31%）。大多数病例发生在非西班牙裔白人（46.71%）和4岁以下儿童（37.26%）中。每 10 万人的 ASIR 男性为 5.47（5.40-5.54），女性为 3.95（3.89-4.01）。在研究期间，男女的 ASIR 均有显著增加（男性的 AAPC 为 0.93%，女性为 0.51%）。然而，在 COVID-19 大流行之后，所有种族和男女儿童 NHL 的 ASIR 均未出现明显变化（变化百分比：1.30 % [-5.10, 7.70]）。有必要采取有针对性的干预措施，以解决人口统计学差异以及影响儿科NHL ASIR的遗传、环境和生活方式因素的复杂相互作用。
{"title":"Incidence trends of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children in the United States from 2000 to 2020","authors":"Seyed Ehsan Mousavi , Kimia Motlagh Asghari , Armin Aslani , Farzin Tahmasbi Arashlow , Zahra Yekta , Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) originates from the lymphoid tissues with a great morbidity and economic burden. It accounts for about 5 % of cancers in the United States (US) in 2024. We aimed to report the incidence trend of pediatric NHL in the US over 2000–2020, by age, sex, and subtype.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cases were categorized using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology version 3. We reported age-standariszed incidence rates (ASIRs) and average annual percent changes (AAPC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2000 to 2019, there were 38,098 reported cases of pediatric NHL, with B-cell NHL being the most common subtype (84.31 %). Most cases were observed in non-Hispanic Whites (46.71 %) and children aged ≤4 years (37.26 %). The ASIR per 100,000 population was 5.47 (5.40–5.54) for males and 3.95 (3.89–4.01) for females. Over the study period, both sexes showed significant increases in ASIRs (AAPCs of 0.93 % for males and 0.51 % for females). However, no significant changes were observed in the ASIRs of pediatric NHL across all races and both sexes after the COVID-19 pandemic (percent change: 1.30 % [-5.10, 7.70]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While overall incidence rates remained stable, significant demographic variations were evident, including increases among Hispanic males and decreases among NHB females. There is a need for targeted interventions to address demographic disparities and the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influencing NHL ASIRs in pediatric populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101841
Thitiworn Choosong , Jatuporn Pakpirom
Background
Personnel that work in operation theaters are at risk of exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) that can cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. To assess the potential impacts of single strand break levels of nurse anesthetists, WAGs levels, and other factors were investigated.
Methods
Non-smoker nurse anesthetists (exposure group) and registered nurses (control group) that have never worked in operating theaters (OT) were matched by age. The WAG concentrations in OT were measured via a direct reading instrument. A blood sample of 2 mL from each volunteer nurse was used to determine the single strand break of DNA damage by comet assay; between July 2014 and January 2016.
Results
In total 77 nurses participated in this study. Even if the average 8-h TWA of the WAG concentrations were low, N2O peaked at 951 ppm and sevoflurane peaked at 88.3 ppm during the induction phrase of pediatric patients. Multivariate analysis showed that ln (% of DNA) in the tail and ln (tail moment) were positively, significantly associated with N2O and cancer in family history, while ln (tail length) was not. However, dietary consumption of fish, meat and cruciferous vegetable had influence on DNA damage and shift work should not be neglected.
Conclusion
Nurse anesthetists were potentially exposed to very high WAG concentrations; especially in pediatric cases. There were multi-factors associated with DNA damage score. To decrease the DNA damage score, lifestyle and dietary consumption should be of more concern.
背景在手术室工作的人员有接触麻醉废气（WAGs）的风险，WAGs 可导致脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）损伤。为了评估单链断裂水平对麻醉护士的潜在影响，我们对 WAGs 水平和其他因素进行了调查。方法将从未在手术室（OT）工作过的非吸烟麻醉护士（暴露组）和注册护士（对照组）按年龄进行配对。通过直读仪器测量手术室中的 WAG 浓度。在 2014 年 7 月至 2016 年 1 月期间，每位志愿护士抽取 2 mL 血液样本，通过彗星测定法确定 DNA 的单链断裂损伤情况。即使 WAG 的平均 8 小时 TWA 浓度较低，但在儿科患者的诱导过程中，一氧化二氮的峰值为 951 ppm，七氟醚的峰值为 88.3 ppm。多变量分析表明，尾部的ln（DNA%）和ln（尾矩）与N2O和癌症家族史呈显著正相关，而ln（尾长）则不相关。然而，饮食中的鱼、肉和十字花科蔬菜对 DNA 损伤有影响，轮班工作也不容忽视。DNA损伤评分与多种因素有关。要降低 DNA 损伤评分，生活方式和饮食消费应受到更多关注。
{"title":"Assessment of waste anesthetic gas concentrations in the operating theaters and DNA damage in exposed female nurse anesthetists","authors":"Thitiworn Choosong , Jatuporn Pakpirom","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Personnel that work in operation theaters are at risk of exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) that can cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. To assess the potential impacts of single strand break levels of nurse anesthetists, WAGs levels, and other factors were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Non-smoker nurse anesthetists (exposure group) and registered nurses (control group) that have never worked in operating theaters (OT) were matched by age. The WAG concentrations in OT were measured via a direct reading instrument. A blood sample of 2 mL from each volunteer nurse was used to determine the single strand break of DNA damage by comet assay; between July 2014 and January 2016.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total 77 nurses participated in this study. Even if the average 8-h TWA of the WAG concentrations were low, N<sub>2</sub>O peaked at 951 ppm and sevoflurane peaked at 88.3 ppm during the induction phrase of pediatric patients. Multivariate analysis showed that ln (% of DNA) in the tail and ln (tail moment) were positively, significantly associated with N<sub>2</sub>O and cancer in family history, while ln (tail length) was not. However, dietary consumption of fish, meat and cruciferous vegetable had influence on DNA damage and shift work should not be neglected.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nurse anesthetists were potentially exposed to very high WAG concentrations; especially in pediatric cases. There were multi-factors associated with DNA damage score. To decrease the DNA damage score, lifestyle and dietary consumption should be of more concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101840
Rahayu Lubis , Fauzi Budi Satria , Santi Martini , Harnavi Harun , Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki , Surya Utama , Juanita
Background
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) strives to ensure equitable access to high-quality healthcare services for all. Despite this goal, the COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant healthcare shortages worldwide. This study reevaluates key determinants of UHC implementation on a global scale before the pandemic, offering insights to shape strategies for achieving UHC by 2030 in light of current circumstances.
Methods
This ecological study analyzed data from 178 countries. UHC implementation was assessed using two indicators: Health Service Coverage (HSC) and Financial Protection (FP). Independent variables, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Health Worker Density (HWD), and Governance Effectiveness (GE), were proposed based on the Systemic Rapid Assessment Toolkit (SYSRA) framework. Data from 2000 to 2019 were sourced from open databases. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.3.1, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results
Countries with higher HDI exhibited significantly better HSC (p < 0.05) and FP (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HDI emerged as the primary contributor to HSC (accuracy = 0.77, Kappa = 0.64), while HSC played a central role in determining FP (accuracy = 0.61, Kappa = 0.21). Governance Effectiveness (GE) also significantly influenced FP in addition to HSC.
Conclusion
Rather than solely focusing on building healthcare infrastructure and expanding the healthcare workforce, balancing progress in both development and governance is a promising approach for countries striving to attain UHC by 2030.
{"title":"Reevaluating factors in global Universal Health Coverage implementation pre-COVID-19","authors":"Rahayu Lubis , Fauzi Budi Satria , Santi Martini , Harnavi Harun , Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki , Surya Utama , Juanita","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Universal Health Coverage (UHC) strives to ensure equitable access to high-quality healthcare services for all. Despite this goal, the COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant healthcare shortages worldwide. This study reevaluates key determinants of UHC implementation on a global scale before the pandemic, offering insights to shape strategies for achieving UHC by 2030 in light of current circumstances.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This ecological study analyzed data from 178 countries. UHC implementation was assessed using two indicators: Health Service Coverage (HSC) and Financial Protection (FP). Independent variables, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Health Worker Density (HWD), and Governance Effectiveness (GE), were proposed based on the Systemic Rapid Assessment Toolkit (SYSRA) framework. Data from 2000 to 2019 were sourced from open databases. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.3.1, with a significance level of p < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Countries with higher HDI exhibited significantly better HSC (p < 0.05) and FP (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HDI emerged as the primary contributor to HSC (accuracy = 0.77, Kappa = 0.64), while HSC played a central role in determining FP (accuracy = 0.61, Kappa = 0.21). Governance Effectiveness (GE) also significantly influenced FP in addition to HSC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rather than solely focusing on building healthcare infrastructure and expanding the healthcare workforce, balancing progress in both development and governance is a promising approach for countries striving to attain UHC by 2030.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring COVID-19 and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies are considered critical priorities in public health. As a result, the administration of COVID-19 vaccines has been widely approved around the world. In the current study, we investigated the level of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody (NAb) among individuals who received different COVID-19 vaccines.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recorded demographical data and clinical characteristics of 168 individuals who received COVID-19 vaccines from 2021 to 2022. Vaccination data of participants, including type and times of vaccine and any complications and symptoms after vaccination, were also recorded. SARS-CoV-2 NAb level was assessed by performing an ELISA test, and all data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 40.4 ± 16 years, and 109 were females. About 18.4 % of participants had the underlying diseases, of which thyroid diseases were the most frequent. The mean SARS-CoV-2 NAb level was 31.6 ± 39.78 ng/ml. Sinopharm was the common vaccine in our population, and AstraZeneca represented a high level of Nab 47.18 ng/ml. Among the participants, 96 had mild to severe complications after vaccination, with the most complaining of arm pain. Significant differences of NAb levele were observed only between types of vaccine and gender (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Due to our findings, all employed vaccines demonstrated efficacy in generating NAb. The levels of Nab were different among genders, age groups, and different types of vaccine receivers.
{"title":"Neutralizing antibody titers after COVID-19 vaccination","authors":"Safoora Shirani Shams Abadi, Laleh Hoveida, Nafiseh Sadat Naghavi","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Monitoring COVID-19 and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies are considered critical priorities in public health. As a result, the administration of COVID-19 vaccines has been widely approved around the world. In the current study, we investigated the level of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody (NAb) among individuals who received different COVID-19 vaccines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study recorded demographical data and clinical characteristics of 168 individuals who received COVID-19 vaccines from 2021 to 2022. Vaccination data of participants, including type and times of vaccine and any complications and symptoms after vaccination, were also recorded. SARS-CoV-2 NAb level was assessed by performing an ELISA test, and all data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. The significant level was set at 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of the participants was 40.4 ± 16 years, and 109 were females. About 18.4 % of participants had the underlying diseases, of which thyroid diseases were the most frequent. The mean SARS-CoV-2 NAb level was 31.6 ± 39.78 ng/ml. Sinopharm was the common vaccine in our population, and AstraZeneca represented a high level of Nab 47.18 ng/ml. Among the participants, 96 had mild to severe complications after vaccination, with the most complaining of arm pain. Significant differences of NAb levele were observed only between types of vaccine and gender (P < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Due to our findings, all employed vaccines demonstrated efficacy in generating NAb. The levels of Nab were different among genders, age groups, and different types of vaccine receivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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