Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the detection and diagnosis of Tuberculosis: Analysis of scientific evidence","authors":"Ezequiel Almeida Barros ,&nbsp;Marcelino Santos Neto ,&nbsp;Cicero N. Lemos Felicio Agostinho ,&nbsp;Lívia Maia Pascoal ,&nbsp;Marcio F. Moura de Araújo ,&nbsp;Roberto Wagner Júnior Freire de Freitas ,&nbsp;Perpétua do Socorro Silva Costa ,&nbsp;Ana C. Pereira de Jesus Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze, based on global scientific evidence, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is an integrative literature review conducted between January and May 2025, using the databases SciVerse Scopus, MEDLINE, SCIELO, PubMed®, SCIENCE DIRECT, and LILACS. The descriptors used were: “Tuberculosis,” “COVID-19,” and “Diagnosis,” considering the time frame from 2020 to 2025. Data were collected using Rayyan software and extracted using a specific instrument. The selected studies were assessed for level of evidence and methodological rigor. After categorization, data were synthesized into a table for descriptive analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic created considerable obstacles for the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis, compromising the capacity of health systems to perform crucial disease control measures. The reallocation of personnel, supplies, and funding—alongside movement restrictions, fear of contamination, and socioeconomic repercussions—interfered with essential actions such as identifying individuals with respiratory symptoms, tracking contacts, and monitoring treatment adherence. In Brazil, impacts were observed in the incidence, mortality, and treatment abandonment rates. In other countries, such as Mexico, the Russian Federation, Spain, and Zambia, a decrease in TB detection rates was also reported, along with reduced treatment success and inadequate supervision. Studies conducted in Turkey, Indonesia, China, Peru, and India reported significant delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation. These delays were more pronounced in regions with higher COVID-19 incidence, structural limitations in health systems, and low-income areas. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The pandemic negatively affected TB detection in different global settings, highlighting the need for coordinated efforts to restore care and surveillance pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 102234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering dengue hotspots and climatic drivers in an urban district of Malaysia: A five-year geospatial analysis","authors":"Maizatul Akma Masood ,&nbsp;Rahmat Dapari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdullah ,&nbsp;Nazri Che Dom","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem considered</h3><div>Dengue fever remains a major urban public health threat in Malaysia, where rapid urbanization and climatic fluctuations intensify transmission. While national and state-level analyses have been conducted, district-level geospatial assessments in Kuantan remain scarce, limiting locally adaptive control strategies. This study aimed to uncover fine-scale dengue hotspots and climate thresholds to guide targeted interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective ecological analysis was conducted on 5277 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases from 2019 to 2023. Case data were geocoded and analyzed using GIS-based hotspot detection, mean center shift, and standard deviational ellipse (SDE) methods. Meteorological parameters (rainfall, temperature, humidity, and wind speed) were obtained from the Malaysian Meteorological Department. Temporal correlations and regression analyses assessed associations between climatic factors and dengue incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 70 % of cases were concentrated in Kuala Kuantan 1 and 2, confirming persistent urban hotspots. Dengue peaks in 2019–2020 coincided with rainfall exceeding 350 mm/month and humidity above 92 %. Regression analyses indicated a negative association between rainfall and dengue incidence (r = −0.32) due to habitat flushing, while temperature showed a mild positive correlation (r = 0.21) within the optimal transmission range (26–28 °C). Mean center shifts reflected spatial evolution of transmission foci, highlighting urban expansion effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This district-level geospatial analysis provides novel, localized evidence that dengue persistence in Kuantan is shaped by urban density and climate thresholds. The findings emphasize that integrating meteorological signals into real-time surveillance can improve early outbreak prediction and targeted vector control. Limitations include the absence of human mobility and intervention data, which should be incorporated in future multi-factorial models. These results offer actionable insights for local policymakers to strengthen climate-sensitive dengue control and early warning frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 102221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen Time Impact on Muscle Health and Sleep Quality in School-Age Children - A cross sectional study","authors":"Tejaswini Manogna ,&nbsp;Aruna R.","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem Considered</h3><div>Excessive screen time poses significant health concerns for school-aged children. However, the relationships between screen time, muscle quality, and sleep patterns in Indian school children remain inadequately understood. This study examined the associations between screen time, sleep quality, and muscle health indicators in urban school-aged children in India</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 252 children aged 11-13 years conveniently sampled from an urban school. Anthropometric measurements, Screen time, sleep quality evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Muscle Quality Index (MQI) calculated from handgrip strength and BMI, physical activity levels, and cardiorespiratory fitness via 6-minute walk test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher screen time demonstrated significant associations with multiple adverse health outcomes- Lower physical activity levels, elevated BMI, reduced MQI, and poorer sleep quality. Boys reported higher screen time (7.51±1.98 hours) compared to girls (6.8±2.05 hours, p=0.007). Multiple regression analysis revealed that BMI (β=0.208, p=0.011), MQI (β=-0.263, p=0.019), and PSQI (β=0.217, p&lt;0.001) were significant independent predictors of screen time, together explaining 23.4% of the variance (R²=0.234, p&lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates complex interrelationships between excessive screen time and compromised health outcomes in school-aged children, including deteriorated muscle quality, disturbed sleep patterns, and reduced physical activity. These findings emphasize the critical need for comprehensive interventions incorporating promotion of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, muscle-strengthening exercises, reduction in recreational screen time, and improvement in sleep hygiene. Future longitudinal research should investigate long-term implications and develop evidence-based interventions tailored to the unique cultural and environmental context of urban India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 102233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of medication knowledge using DFIT% score in indian geriatric population: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Sneha Gowthaman ,&nbsp;Mohammed Fayaz Sadiqbasha ,&nbsp;Padma Priya Rangachapam Mani ,&nbsp;Varun Sundaramoorthy ,&nbsp;Dhandapani Chidambaram","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem</h3><div>Assessing medication knowledge in older adults is critical for managing chronic diseases, yet existing tools are often impractical or lack specificity. This study evaluates a composite score (DFIT%) assessing knowledge of Dose, Frequency, Indication, and Time of administration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 geriatric patients (≥65 years) to determine the association between DFIT% and patient characteristics were analyzed using bivariate tests and logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DFIT% was strongly associated with cognitive status; patients without impairment scored significantly higher (67.1 % vs 43.5 %, p &lt; 0.0001). A higher DFIT% score was associated with lower odds of polypharmacy (OR = 0.984, p = 0.018) and recent medication changes (OR = 0.986, p = 0.043). Ability to read English was also statistically associated with (OR = 1.020, p = 0.041) DFIT% score. No significant associations were found with hospitalization or disease duration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The DFIT% score is a practical tool that identifies specific medication knowledge deficits, which are significant to cognitive function and treatment complexity. It can help target interventions to improve medication safety in geriatric populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 102232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung cancer risk in Bagmati province, Nepal- A hospital-based spatial study from 2012 to 2021","authors":"Basanta Kumar Neupane ,&nbsp;Min Xu ,&nbsp;Chunxiang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem considered</h3><div>Lung cancer is one of the major causes of cancer incidence globally. Developing countries account for a substantial portion of the global lung cancer burden. However, most of the low and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nepal, still lack spatial-based cancer control and prevention strategies. The study examines the prevalence and spatial distribution of lung cancer at the municipal level in Bagmati province.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study utilized hospital-based lung cancer cases to analyze spatial and temporal trends. It supports the development of evidence-based cancer control strategies at the local administrative level. Furthermore, the study examined the spatial-temporal patterns of lung cancer risk at the municipal level from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. Our study utilized GeoDa and ArcGIS to conduct spatial analyses. Each case was cleaned and verified for permanent location and duplication, followed by confirmation of residence via Google Earth. The study followed the overall registration process, including data quality control guidelines and principles outlined by the International Association of Cancer Registries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The annual mean crude incidence rate of Bagmati province and Kathmandu Valley was found to be 5.16 and 5.53 per 100,000 people, respectively. The temporal distribution of lung cancer risk was calculated, and it was found to be highest in 2021 in Kathmandu Valley. The crude and standardized incidence rates in this year were 6.84 and 7.81 per 100,000, respectively. The crude and standardized incidence rates were high in 2019 in Bagmati Province. Kathmandu Valley has a fluctuating incidence rate; however, Bhaktapur municipality has been identified as the top position in the Bagmati province. Males consistently exhibit a higher risk, particularly in middle-aged and elderly populations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Lung cancer has been growing as one of the major public health challenges in Bagmati province. Timely screening, cost-effective advanced technology, public awareness, easy access to cancer hospitals, and good treatment should be a government priority.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 102218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend analysis of acute diarrhoeal disease patterns among Indian children under five (2011–2024): A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Melissa Glenda Lewis,&nbsp;Diplina Barman,&nbsp;Rounik Talukdar,&nbsp;Suman Kanungo","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To estimate the prevalence, incidence and frequency of diarrhoeal episodes among children under five in India, identifying trends and associated factors based on studies published from 2011 to 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and Meta-analysis were conducted using the PRISMA guidelines in electronic databases (Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar) between 2011 and 2024. Community-based studies were included focusing on children under five in India, defining diarrhea as three or more loose stools in 24 h, regardless of recall period. Diarrhoeal rates were logit-transformed to generate pooled estimates, and a random effects empirical Bayes model was used for the meta-analysis. Subgroup, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression was performed to assess the heterogeneity and Egger's test for publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>A total of 64 community-based studies across 21 Indian states (53 cross-sectional and 11 longitudinal) were included in the review. The pooled acute diarrhea prevalence was 22.8 % (95 % CI: 19.5, 26.0 %) from 48 studies, with high heterogeneity (I² = 99.13 %). Prevalence was highest in Central and North India (24.3 %), followed by East (22.5 %), West (18.8 %), and South (17.6 %). There was a year-to-year variation from 2011 to 2024, ranging from a low of 9.4 % in 2021 to a high of 51.9 % in 2009. The pooled incidence rate from four studies was 21.78 cases per 100 person-years (95 % CI: 12.31, 31.24), while five studies reported 1.73 episodes per person-year (95 % CI: 0.67, 2.79). Meta-regression suggested a marginally significant annual decline in diarrhea prevalence of 1.27 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the magnitude of acute diarrheal disease in Indian children under five over 13 years. Trend analysis showed a considerable variability across studies with prevalence rates ranging from 9 % to 51.9 %, with half of the studies reporting rates ranging from 17.3 % to 24.5 %. The incidence rate of 21.78 cases per person years highlights the significant burden of diarrheal disease. This study supports the development of evidence-based strategies to lessen the effects of diarrheal illnesses and improve child health outcomes in India by offering insightful information to researchers, policymakers, and medical professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 102224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disturbance of the production of TSH and T3 hormones in hypertensive farming and non-farming patients in the Zou department in central Benin: A link with pyrethroid pesticides and phthalates?","authors":"Omedine Koukoui ,&nbsp;Fidele Sonounameto ,&nbsp;Fresnel Cachon ,&nbsp;Marcelin Agbo ,&nbsp;Santorin Seton ,&nbsp;Mansouratou Betira ,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Amagbegnon ,&nbsp;Alphonse Sezan","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem considered</h3><div>Hypertension may be caused by disruption of thyroid hormone production linked to contamination by chemical pollutants. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of thyroid hormone disturbances in hypertensive patients of Zou department in central Benin, and to see the link with the contamination of cereals and meals with pyrethroid pesticides and phthalates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study, involving 80 hypertensive farming patients and 80 hypertensive non farming patients. Median ages were 47.9 ± 12 years among farmers and 52.1 ± 9.9 years among non farmers. The various biological parameters were measured in the blood of the participants. Pyrethroids and phthalates were measured in cereals and meals using a chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of thyrotropic hormone (TSH) dysregulation in our study population was 31.3 % with a predominance in hypertensive farming patients (p˂0,05). An abnormally low level of thyroid hormone T3 was found in 53.33 % of farming patients and in 46.66 % of non farming patients. Hypertensive farming patients had abnormally high levels of uric acids compared to hypertensive non farming patients (p˂0,05). Corn and bean seeds did not show traces of pyrethroid pesticides. However the dosage of phthalates in meals cooked with plastic packaging showed a very high concentration of Di-n-octyl phthalate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The disturbances in thyroid hormone production observed in our study population could be linked to chemical compounds, but this remains to be confirmed by measuring exposure biomarkers in the blood of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 102222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric assessment of the progress, challenges, and gaps in vaccine uptake studies in Africa","authors":"Esu S. Ezeani ,&nbsp;Umego Chukwudi Theodore ,&nbsp;Uwem O. Edet ,&nbsp;Aniekan-Augusta Okon Eyo ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Mbim ,&nbsp;Nkoyo Ani Nkang ,&nbsp;Ama Umesi ,&nbsp;Francisca Nwaokorie ,&nbsp;Meseko Clement","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem considered</h3><div>In Africa, vaccine hesitancy persists despite increasing demand, recent efforts to establish local vaccine manufacturing, and continued calls and programmes to scale up production. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research on vaccine uptake and hesitancy in Africa, aiming to reveal historical trends, identify knowledge gaps, and inform targeted policies and interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrieved and analysed 1,355 studies from the PubMed® database using a defined search strategy. Data were analysed to evaluate trends in publication volume, study design, authorship, institutional affiliations, and countries of collaborations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Research output in Africa has grown tremendously since 2010, reaching its peak after 2020. Original research comprised over 78 % of publications, while randomised controlled trials (RCT) and systematic reviews (SR) were comparatively rare. The top three journals were <em>PLOS ONE</em> (123), <em>BMC Public Health</em> (104), and <em>Vaccines (Basel)</em> (100). Frequently used keywords included “vaccination,” “COVID-19,” “vaccine hesitancy,” “child,” “Nigeria,” and “Uganda.” Thematic clusters centred around diseases (HIV, COVID-19, HPV, polio, HBV), target groups (children, adolescents, mothers, healthcare workers), sociocultural aspects (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs), and countries (Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa). Most productive authors included Charles Wiysonge (30 publications), Rosemary Burnett (11), and Moses Mukosha (10). South Africa led the contributors, followed by the United States of America (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK). Institutional collaborations were limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Gaps remain in evidence synthesis and inter-institutional collaborations, especially in Africa. Advancing African-led research, fostering regional partnerships, and strengthening the policy relevance of scientific findings are essential to improve vaccine uptake and equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 102217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RSV Infection in One Year Olds: measuring economic and epidemiologic burden during five seasonal waves in Italy (2015–2020)","authors":"Manuela Martella ,&nbsp;Eleonora Cugudda ,&nbsp;Roberta Onorati ,&nbsp;Jacopo Lenzi ,&nbsp;Maria Michela Gianino","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem considered</h3><div>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection is a leading cause of respiratory illness, particularly among infants. The current research assesses the epidemiologic and economic impact of RSV infection in the Piedmont region among five seasonal waves between 2015 and 2020 among children younger than one year.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of data from the hospital discharge database of infants under one year diagnosed with RSV infection was carried out. Hospitalisation costs were assessed through the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) payment system. Multivariable logistic regression models were used for access to the Paediatric/Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the average DRG code allocated at discharge. Time-trend analyses were performed for hospital admissions and related spending during the defined timeframe by computing the Annual Percent Change (APC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 2980 hospitalisations, mostly males (54.7 %), mostly infants under six months of age (83.3 %), and 22.4 % non-Italian. The median cost for hospitalisation was ∼2800 euros. Multivariable regression models revealed a lower risk of assistance at the PICU/NICU for females (OR: 0.66, 95 %CI 0.50–0.86) and infants younger than 3 months (OR [3–6 months] 0.3, 95 %CI 0.21–0.44; OR [≥6 months] 0.17, 95 %CI 0.09–0.32). The allocation of a DRG code higher than 2800 Euros at discharge was lower for children between 3 and 6 months (OR: 0.82, 95 % CI 0.69–0.98) and non-Italian patients (OR: 0.71, 95 %CI 0.60–0.85). A significant upward trend of hospitalisation rate for males (26.4 %), females (22.4 %) and non-Italian (38.2 %) children was found. The spending trends for overall seasonal spending and DRGs over 2800 Euros resulted in a significant increasing APC (23.8 % and 27.9 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A significantly upward epidemiological trend of RSV-related hospitalisation, with increasing admissions to PICU/NICU, and the rise of seasonal spending and hospitalisation average costs represent a valuable barometer for further investment in novel preventive measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 102216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of infectious diseases under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) from a tertiary care hospital in Chandigarh, India","authors":"S.R. Ravikumar ,&nbsp;Meenu Kalia ,&nbsp;Varsha Gupta ,&nbsp;Manishika Sharma ,&nbsp;Ribhav Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem considered</h3><div>Infectious diseases continue to number among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in a number of developing countries, including India. The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) was established by the Government of India in 2004 to monitor trends related to the testing and diagnosis of common infections, with one objective being to periodically update programs against infectious diseases based on the data obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study analyses data for 11 diseases, reported as part of the IDSP to Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh from 2020 to 2023; rare or clinically-diagnosed conditions were excluded from this analysis. Data analyzed includes percentage of positive cases, and linear trends of each disease.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Significant positive trends were observed for Chikungunya (r = 0.203), Viral Hepatitis A (r = 0.307), and Typhoid (r = 0.436); on the other hand, the incidence of Leptospirosis (r = −0.307), Shigella (r = −0.183), and Scrub Typhus (r = −0.389) were seen to decline during the same period. Dengue and Chikungunya were also associated with seasonal variations, with both diseases peaking in winter.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study emphasize the need for improved control of those infectious diseases which show increasing secular trends; in particular, the rise of Typhoid and Hepatitis A may indicate the need for improved control of fecal-oral transmission. The fall in Scrub Typhus, which runs counter to the prevailing national trend, may indicate the increased effectiveness of decentralized disease control programs. Insight gained from this study and other community-based studies is essential to guide effective policy-making and program implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 102207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}