Teachers can greatly aid the promotion of adolescent mental health. Early intervention is key in reducing morbidity related to mental health conditions among adolescents. This study was undertaken to test the effectiveness of the MHL module among high school teachers.
Methods
A parallel stratified cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among high school teachers between November 2019 to September 2021. Schools were stratified based on the type of school and then randomized. Teachers from 29 schools received intervention and 28 schools were waitlisted and given intervention at the end of the trial. The effectiveness of the module was assessed using a baseline, post-test, and follow-up questionnaire. Repeated measures ANOVA adjusted for cluster effect was used to assess the change in knowledge, management, attitudes and beliefs over time in the intervention arm.
Results
Significant improvement was observed in the intervention arm as compared to the control arm across the domains of knowledge and attitudes and beliefs with an increase in mean knowledge score of 3.34 (95 % CI: 2.14 to 4.55 p < 0.001) and an increase in mean attitudes and beliefs score of 0.95 (95 % CI: 0.42 to 1.49 p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The present study found that the intervention module was effective in enhancing the MHL of teachers across all the domains, which may facilitate early intervention among adolescents at the school level.
The trial has been registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India prospectively. (CTRI/2017/11/010633)
{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of a mental health literacy module - A randomized controlled trial among school teachers","authors":"Vidya Prabhu , Lena Ashok , Veena Ganesh Kamath , Amitha Puranik , Sebastian Padickaparambil , Nikitha Sibil Rebello , Praveen Arhanthabailu , Varalakshmi Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Teachers can greatly aid the promotion of adolescent mental health. Early intervention is key in reducing morbidity related to mental health conditions among adolescents. This study was undertaken to test the effectiveness of the MHL module among high school teachers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A parallel stratified cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among high school teachers between November 2019 to September 2021. Schools were stratified based on the type of school and then randomized. Teachers from 29 schools received intervention and 28 schools were waitlisted and given intervention at the end of the trial. The effectiveness of the module was assessed using a baseline, post-test, and follow-up questionnaire. Repeated measures ANOVA adjusted for cluster effect was used to assess the change in knowledge, management, attitudes and beliefs over time in the intervention arm.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant improvement was observed in the intervention arm as compared to the control arm across the domains of knowledge and attitudes and beliefs with an increase in mean knowledge score of 3.34 (95 % CI: 2.14 to 4.55 p < 0.001) and an increase in mean attitudes and beliefs score of 0.95 (95 % CI: 0.42 to 1.49 p < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study found that the intervention module was effective in enhancing the MHL of teachers across all the domains, which may facilitate early intervention among adolescents at the school level.</div><div>The trial has been registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India prospectively. (CTRI/2017/11/010633)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been a shift in predicting adverse outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from pulmonary to extra-pulmonary organ dysfunction. With rising multi-drug resistance, carbapenem-resistant infections (CRI) may complicate ARDS. The significance of CRI as an outcome predictor is crucial. This study aimed to assess the impact of CRI in ARDS patients.
Methods
This secondary analysis included 355 adult ARDS patients on invasive mechanical ventilation from two prospective observational studies conducted between September 2020 and July 2024 at a single-center tertiary care facility. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Demographic details, organ dysfunction scores, oxygenation values, ARDS classification based on the Berlin criteria, inflammatory biomarkers, and ICU outcomes were noted from clinical records. Patients’ culture sensitivity reports were reviewed for CRI, and the association of CRI with mortality outcomes was analyzed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses and artificial neural network model, were employed to analyze mortality outcomes.
Results
CRI was present in 32.9 % of ARDS patients. Multivariable logistic regression identified CRI as an independent predictor of ICU mortality (P-value<0.001, adjusted OR 3.13, 95%CI [1.752–5.588]). Artificial neural network analysis showed that acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and CRI had the normalized importance (100 %, 84.5 %, and 83.4 %, respectively) in predicting mortality. Independent predictors—CRI, APACHE II score ≥ 17, and SOFA score ≥9—were combined to create the “CARAS” categorization, which had a higher mortality (76.6 %, P-value<0.001). Mortality in mild-moderate ARDS with CRI was 59.4 % versus 41.1 % without CRI (P-value = 0.013, Chi-Square test).
Conclusion
CRI is an independent predictor of mortality in ARDS patients, compared to hypoxemia severity. “CARAS” positive patients (CRI with APACHE II score ≥17 and SOFA score ≥9) had significantly higher mortality than non-CARAS. CRI significantly increases mortality in mild-moderate ARDS compared to increase in mortality in severe ARDS.
{"title":"Impact of carbapenem-resistant infections on mortality in mechanically ventilated acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: A comparison with hypoxemia severity – An observational study","authors":"Thejesh Srinivas , Shwethapriya R , Gagana Hanumaiah , Pratibha Todur , Souvik Chaudhuri , Ganesh Paramasivam , Prithvishree Ravindra , Vinutha R. Bhat , Sagar Shanmukhappa Maddani , Shobha U. Kamath , Danavath Nagendra , Vishwas P , Likith Hanumaiah , Pratik Paran Medhi , Prabha Prakash","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>There has been a shift in predicting adverse outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from pulmonary to extra-pulmonary organ dysfunction. With rising multi-drug resistance, carbapenem-resistant infections (CRI) may complicate ARDS. The significance of CRI as an outcome predictor is crucial. This study aimed to assess the impact of CRI in ARDS patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This secondary analysis included 355 adult ARDS patients on invasive mechanical ventilation from two prospective observational studies conducted between September 2020 and July 2024 at a single-center tertiary care facility. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Demographic details, organ dysfunction scores, oxygenation values, ARDS classification based on the Berlin criteria, inflammatory biomarkers, and ICU outcomes were noted from clinical records. Patients’ culture sensitivity reports were reviewed for CRI, and the association of CRI with mortality outcomes was analyzed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses and artificial neural network model, were employed to analyze mortality outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CRI was present in 32.9 % of ARDS patients. Multivariable logistic regression identified CRI as an independent predictor of ICU mortality (P-value<0.001, adjusted OR 3.13, 95%CI [1.752–5.588]). Artificial neural network analysis showed that acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and CRI had the normalized importance (100 %, 84.5 %, and 83.4 %, respectively) in predicting mortality. Independent predictors—CRI, APACHE II score ≥ 17, and SOFA score ≥9—were combined to create the “CARAS” categorization, which had a higher mortality (76.6 %, P-value<0.001). Mortality in mild-moderate ARDS with CRI was 59.4 % versus 41.1 % without CRI (P-value = 0.013, Chi-Square test).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CRI is an independent predictor of mortality in ARDS patients, compared to hypoxemia severity. “CARAS” positive patients (CRI with APACHE II score ≥17 and SOFA score ≥9) had significantly higher mortality than non-CARAS. CRI significantly increases mortality in mild-moderate ARDS compared to increase in mortality in severe ARDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101935
Riswana S. Ansari , Ankeeta Menona Jacob , Avinash K. Shetty , Shazia Anjum
Introduction
The provision of Differentiated Tuberculosis (TB) Care by healthcare personnel is crucial in optimising patient outcomes and resource utilisation in TB units. This study explores validating a questionnaire on differentiated TB care provision from the healthcare providers' perspective, focusing on facilitating factors and challenges in the healthcare delivery for TB patients using the Delphi Technique.
Methods and materials
A multidimensional model was designed to assess differentiated TB care provision by healthcare providers in Karnataka using inductive and deductive methods. Between January 2024 and March 2024, we used the Delphi technique via email and in-person contacts. We engaged a panel of Ten Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to refine and validate the assessment tool containing 146 items iteratively using 2 rounds of 5 SMEs each. For each round, the following metrics were calculated: Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Scale Content Validity Indices (CVI), and Item Impact Score (IIS, Face Validity). The final tool contained only questions with Item Impact Scores of ≥1.5, CVRs of ≥0.99, and CVIs of ≥0.8 (p-value <0.05).
Results
The Item Impact Score (Face Validity) of 126 items accepted as facilitating factors and barriers in providing Differentiated TB care by Community Health Officers and Medical officers for TB patients was ≥1.5. Content Validity Ratios (CVR) for the facilitating factors and barriers in providing differentiated TB care by Community Health Officers and Medical Officers for TB patients was ≥0.99, except for 19 items removed from the final tool. The Scale Content Validity Indices (for relevance), i.e., S-CVI (Average) and S-CVI (Proportional relevance), for 19 items that were removed from the tool failed to reach ≥0.8.
Conclusions
By determining acceptable content validity ratios and indices using the Delphi technique, this study has developed and validated a tool to assess the facilitating factors and barriers in providing differentiated TB care by the Community Health Officers and Medical Officers for TB patients.
{"title":"Differentiated TB care matrix: Validating an assessment tool for healthcare workers providing differentiated TB care using Delphi technique","authors":"Riswana S. Ansari , Ankeeta Menona Jacob , Avinash K. Shetty , Shazia Anjum","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The provision of Differentiated Tuberculosis (TB) Care by healthcare personnel is crucial in optimising patient outcomes and resource utilisation in TB units. This study explores validating a questionnaire on differentiated TB care provision from the healthcare providers' perspective, focusing on facilitating factors and challenges in the healthcare delivery for TB patients using the Delphi Technique.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>A multidimensional model was designed to assess differentiated TB care provision by healthcare providers in Karnataka using inductive and deductive methods. Between January 2024 and March 2024, we used the Delphi technique via email and in-person contacts. We engaged a panel of Ten Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to refine and validate the assessment tool containing 146 items iteratively using 2 rounds of 5 SMEs each. For each round, the following metrics were calculated: Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Scale Content Validity Indices (CVI), and Item Impact Score (IIS, Face Validity). The final tool contained only questions with Item Impact Scores of ≥1.5, CVRs of ≥0.99, and CVIs of ≥0.8 (p-value <0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Item Impact Score (Face Validity) of 126 items accepted as facilitating factors and barriers in providing Differentiated TB care by Community Health Officers and Medical officers for TB patients was ≥1.5. Content Validity Ratios (CVR) for the facilitating factors and barriers in providing differentiated TB care by Community Health Officers and Medical Officers for TB patients was ≥0.99, except for 19 items removed from the final tool. The Scale Content Validity Indices (for relevance), i.e., S-CVI (Average) and S-CVI (Proportional relevance), for 19 items that were removed from the tool failed to reach ≥0.8.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By determining acceptable content validity ratios and indices using the Delphi technique, this study has developed and validated a tool to assess the facilitating factors and barriers in providing differentiated TB care by the Community Health Officers and Medical Officers for TB patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organophosphate poisoning is continuing to be a rising cause for the presentation to emergency department and admission to the Intensive Care Units in India.
Objective
The objective of this review was to quantitatively synthesize the data to identify the epidemiologic characteristics, the length of hospital stays, and mortality of patients with organophosphate poisoning.
Methods
A systematic review of the scientific studies published between 2010 and 2022 was carried out. With the help of comprehensive search strategy, 15 out of 112 articles from databases like CINAHL, EBSCO, Scopus, PUBMED, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Central were retrieved. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines was adopted and reported using the PRISMA guidelines.
Results
The total participants reported by the current review were 28,593 patients. This review also highlighted that the mean age of participants was 42.22 ± 9.29 years and the mean duration of arrival to hospital was 5.97 ± 2.48 h. Majority of the participants reported were male 20,127 (70.4 %). It was also reported that 3331(11.6 %) patients developed complications and 71.7 % (2387) patients were on mechanical ventilation. This review also reported that 6732 (23.5 %) patients were discharged after recovery while 1059 (3.7 %) patients succumbed during treatment.
Conclusion
The delay in hospital arrival of the patient worsens the condition of organophosphate poisoned patient resulting in serious complications, prolonged hospital stay and even increases the caregiver burden. The mass awareness to be created for the public to ensure the victim reaches the hospital for immediate medical care to prevent mortality and minimize morbidity.
{"title":"Epidemiologic characteristics, the length of hospital stay, and mortality of patients with organophosphate poisoning: A systematic review","authors":"Janet Alva , Elsa Sanatombi Devi , Ramesh Chandrababu , Julliet Abraham , Jayraj Mymbilly Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Organophosphate poisoning is continuing to be a rising cause for the presentation to emergency department and admission to the Intensive Care Units in India.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this review was to quantitatively synthesize the data to identify the epidemiologic characteristics, the length of hospital stays, and mortality of patients with organophosphate poisoning.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review of the scientific studies published between 2010 and 2022 was carried out. With the help of comprehensive search strategy, 15 out of 112 articles from databases like CINAHL, EBSCO, Scopus, PUBMED, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Central were retrieved. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines was adopted and reported using the PRISMA guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total participants reported by the current review were 28,593 patients. This review also highlighted that the mean age of participants was 42.22 ± 9.29 years and the mean duration of arrival to hospital was 5.97 ± 2.48 h. Majority of the participants reported were male 20,127 (70.4 %). It was also reported that 3331(11.6 %) patients developed complications and 71.7 % (2387) patients were on mechanical ventilation. This review also reported that 6732 (23.5 %) patients were discharged after recovery while 1059 (3.7 %) patients succumbed during treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The delay in hospital arrival of the patient worsens the condition of organophosphate poisoned patient resulting in serious complications, prolonged hospital stay and even increases the caregiver burden. The mass awareness to be created for the public to ensure the victim reaches the hospital for immediate medical care to prevent mortality and minimize morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101911
Rabia Aziz , Sohrab Ahmad Khan , Sumbul Ansari , Firdaus Jawed
Background
Non-communicable diseases like hypothyroidism and type-2 diabetes mellitus are becoming increasingly prevalent and can lead to anxiety, depression, and memory problems. These mental health comorbidities often go undiagnosed despite significantly impacting quality of life. Sex differences are also observed, with women experiencing higher rates of both conditions.
Objectives
This study aimed to compare the levels of anxiety, depression, and memory in middle-aged women with hypothyroidism and type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
This cross-sectional design recruited 243 females from Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary Hospital in New Delhi. Participants were divided into hypothyroidism and type-2 diabetes mellitus groups based on confirmed diagnoses. Questionnaires were used to assess anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and memory (PGI-memory). Data analysis employed independent-sample t-tests and chi-square tests.
Results
Significant differences (p < 0.05) emerged in mean mental health scores. The hypothyroidism group displayed higher anxiety (p < 0.05) and better memory (p < 0.05), while the diabetic group exhibited higher depression (p < 0.05). Results showed a higher prevalence of severe anxiety and depression in the diabetic group compared to the hypothyroidism group. Notably, the diabetic group also showed a significantly higher proportion of participants with moderate memory problems.
Conclusions
This study suggests that both hypothyroidism and type-2 diabetes mellitus can impact mental health in middle-aged women. Type-2 diabetes mellitus appears to be associated with a greater prevalence of severe category of anxiety and depression, and with greater individuals in the moderate memory level category. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive assessments to identify and address mental health comorbidities in patients with these chronic conditions.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of mental health in middle-aged women with type-2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Rabia Aziz , Sohrab Ahmad Khan , Sumbul Ansari , Firdaus Jawed","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-communicable diseases like hypothyroidism and type-2 diabetes mellitus are becoming increasingly prevalent and can lead to anxiety, depression, and memory problems. These mental health comorbidities often go undiagnosed despite significantly impacting quality of life. Sex differences are also observed, with women experiencing higher rates of both conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the levels of anxiety, depression, and memory in middle-aged women with hypothyroidism and type-2 diabetes mellitus.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional design recruited 243 females from Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary Hospital in New Delhi. Participants were divided into hypothyroidism and type-2 diabetes mellitus groups based on confirmed diagnoses. Questionnaires were used to assess anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and memory (PGI-memory). Data analysis employed independent-sample t-tests and chi-square tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences (<em>p</em> < 0.05) emerged in mean mental health scores. The hypothyroidism group displayed higher anxiety (<em>p</em> < 0.05) and better memory (<em>p</em> < 0.05), while the diabetic group exhibited higher depression (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Results showed a higher prevalence of severe anxiety and depression in the diabetic group compared to the hypothyroidism group. Notably, the diabetic group also showed a significantly higher proportion of participants with moderate memory problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study suggests that both hypothyroidism and type-2 diabetes mellitus can impact mental health in middle-aged women. Type-2 diabetes mellitus appears to be associated with a greater prevalence of severe category of anxiety and depression, and with greater individuals in the moderate memory level category. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive assessments to identify and address mental health comorbidities in patients with these chronic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101937
Samuel Demissie Darcho, Feyisa Shasho Bayisa, Teshome Demis Nimani
Introduction
Appropriate feeding is a set of recommendations to achieve optimal infant and young child feeding practices for 0-23-month-old children. Inappropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are the leading cause of malnutrition in children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of appropriate feeding practices and nutritional status among infants and young children aged 0–23 months attending public hospitals in Harar town, eastern Ethiopia.
Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 216 mothers of children aged 0–23 months from July 1 to 30, 2024. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire.
Results
In this study, the overall prevalence of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practice was 83.8 % (95 % CI: 78.7, 88.9). The study results also showed that the prevalence of severe undernutrition, stunting, wasting, and severe acute malnutrition was 14.4 % (95 % CI: 9.7, 19.4), 20.4 % (95 % CI: 15.3, 25.9), 13.9 % (95 % CI:10.2,19.0), and 13.9 % (95 % CI:2.3, 7.9), respectively.
Conclusion
In the current study, the majority of the young and infant children aged 0–23 months had appropriate feeding practice and good nutritional status. It is recommended that early assessment of the nutritional status of infants and children, and all the necessary interventions, such as health education on breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and meal preparation, should be given to mothers.
{"title":"Prevalence of appropriate feeding practices and nutritional status among infant and young children aged 0–23 Months attending public hospitals in Harar town, eastern Ethiopia, 2024: An institutional-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Samuel Demissie Darcho, Feyisa Shasho Bayisa, Teshome Demis Nimani","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Appropriate feeding is a set of recommendations to achieve optimal infant and young child feeding practices for 0-23-month-old children. Inappropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are the leading cause of malnutrition in children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of appropriate feeding practices and nutritional status among infants and young children aged 0–23 months attending public hospitals in Harar town, eastern Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 216 mothers of children aged 0–23 months from July 1 to 30, 2024. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, the overall prevalence of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practice was 83.8 % (95 % CI: 78.7, 88.9). The study results also showed that the prevalence of severe undernutrition, stunting, wasting, and severe acute malnutrition was 14.4 % (95 % CI: 9.7, 19.4), 20.4 % (95 % CI: 15.3, 25.9), 13.9 % (95 % CI:10.2,19.0), and 13.9 % (95 % CI:2.3, 7.9), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the current study, the majority of the young and infant children aged 0–23 months had appropriate feeding practice and good nutritional status. It is recommended that early assessment of the nutritional status of infants and children, and all the necessary interventions, such as health education on breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and meal preparation, should be given to mothers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101933
Muath Aldomini , Jerry W. Lee , Anna Nelson , Rhonda Spencer Hwang , Khulud K. Alharbi , Tassnym H. Sinky , Baraa S. Quronfulah , Wahaj A. Khan , Mohamed O. Elamin , Mohamed O. Nour
Objectives
To evaluate the role of positive and negative social supports (PSS and NSS) in moderating the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with life satisfaction and mental health.
Methods
A retrospective database analysis was done for the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Cohort Study subjects (N = 10,194) residing in the United States and Canada (2006–2007). After controlling for confounders, a generalized linear model was used to evaluate the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction and mental health, as well as the role of PSS subdomains (emotional, instrumental, informational, and companionship) and NSS subdomains (rejection or neglect, unsympathetic behavior, unwanted advice, and failure to provide help) had in these relationships.
Result
The study sample was mainly composed of females (67.5 %) and Whites (63.6 %) with an average age of 61.65 ± 13.59 years old. About 60.6 % of participants reported experiencing at least one ACE. ACEs have a negative association with life satisfaction and mental health. Better mental health and life satisfaction were favorably associated with PSS and negatively associated with NSS, respectively. With the exception of the rejection subdomain, NSS had no deteriorating influence on the relationship between ACEs and poor mental health and life satisfaction. In contrast, PSS significantly mitigated this relationship.
Conclusions
When predicting both mental health and life satisfaction following ACEs, potential protective effects of PSS (mainly instrumental support) and debilitating effects of NSS (rejection) were noted. When interacting with individuals who have had ACEs, health providers need to be mindful of the possible effects of both PSS and NSS. More long-term studies are necessary, particularly in more diverse groups.
{"title":"The moderating role of social support on the impact of adverse childhood experiences on life satisfaction and mental health in adulthood","authors":"Muath Aldomini , Jerry W. Lee , Anna Nelson , Rhonda Spencer Hwang , Khulud K. Alharbi , Tassnym H. Sinky , Baraa S. Quronfulah , Wahaj A. Khan , Mohamed O. Elamin , Mohamed O. Nour","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the role of positive and negative social supports (PSS and NSS) in moderating the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with life satisfaction and mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective database analysis was done for the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Cohort Study subjects (<em>N</em> = 10,194) residing in the United States and Canada (2006–2007). After controlling for confounders, a generalized linear model was used to evaluate the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction and mental health, as well as the role of PSS subdomains (emotional, instrumental, informational, and companionship) and NSS subdomains (rejection or neglect, unsympathetic behavior, unwanted advice, and failure to provide help) had in these relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The study sample was mainly composed of females (67.5 %) and Whites (63.6 %) with an average age of 61.65 ± 13.59 years old. About 60.6 % of participants reported experiencing at least one ACE. ACEs have a negative association with life satisfaction and mental health. Better mental health and life satisfaction were favorably associated with PSS and negatively associated with NSS, respectively. With the exception of the rejection subdomain, NSS had no deteriorating influence on the relationship between ACEs and poor mental health and life satisfaction. In contrast, PSS significantly mitigated this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>When predicting both mental health and life satisfaction following ACEs, potential protective effects of PSS (mainly instrumental support) and debilitating effects of NSS (rejection) were noted. When interacting with individuals who have had ACEs, health providers need to be mindful of the possible effects of both PSS and NSS. More long-term studies are necessary, particularly in more diverse groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101936
Nasir Tayib Nur , Yadeta Dessie , Samuel Demissie Darcho , Samrawit Berihun , Behailu Hawulte Ayele
Background
Early identification of determinants of tuberculosis treatment failure is crucial in resource-limited developing countries. Tuberculosis treatment failure is one of the challenges to controlling tuberculosis. However, evidence on the factors contributing to tuberculosis treatment failure is limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors contributing to tuberculosis treatment failure.
Methods
A retrospective, unmatched case-control study design was conducted by recruiting 264 (53 cases and 211 controls) at public health facilities. Cases were patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with a tuberculosis treatment outcome registered as treatment failure. Controls were patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with tuberculosis treatment outcomes registered as cured and treatment completed during anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Result
264 records (53 cases and 211 controls) were included from tuberculosis registers. In the current study, determinants of tuberculosis treatment failure were being male (AOR = 4.06, 95 % CI: 1.65, 9.75), age 30–40 years (AOR = 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.10, 0.54), receiving directly observed therapy treatment (AOR = 3.94, 95 % CI: 1.63, 9.51), adherence to tuberculosis medication (AOR = 7.56, 95 % CI: 2.70, 20.78), being treated at a hospital (AOR = 11.89, 95 % CI: 3.80, 33.79), and being HIV positive (AOR = 4.783, 95 % CI: 1.46, 15.65). (Table 4)
Conclusions
This study found that the rate of tuberculosis treatment failure among adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was relatively lower in Eastern Ethiopia. Targeted interventions should be implemented to address the identified risk factors, particularly among high-risk groups, to improve tuberculosis treatment outcomes throughout the treatment process.
{"title":"Determinants of tuberculosis treatment failure in public health facilities of Jigjiga Town, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia: A multi-center case-control study","authors":"Nasir Tayib Nur , Yadeta Dessie , Samuel Demissie Darcho , Samrawit Berihun , Behailu Hawulte Ayele","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early identification of determinants of tuberculosis treatment failure is crucial in resource-limited developing countries. Tuberculosis treatment failure is one of the challenges to controlling tuberculosis. However, evidence on the factors contributing to tuberculosis treatment failure is limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors contributing to tuberculosis treatment failure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective, unmatched case-control study design was conducted by recruiting 264 (53 cases and 211 controls) at public health facilities. Cases were patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with a tuberculosis treatment outcome registered as treatment failure. Controls were patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with tuberculosis treatment outcomes registered as cured and treatment completed during anti-tuberculosis treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>264 records (53 cases and 211 controls) were included from tuberculosis registers. In the current study, determinants of tuberculosis treatment failure were being male (AOR = 4.06, 95 % CI: 1.65, 9.75), age 30–40 years (AOR = 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.10, 0.54), receiving directly observed therapy treatment (AOR = 3.94, 95 % CI: 1.63, 9.51), adherence to tuberculosis medication (AOR = 7.56, 95 % CI: 2.70, 20.78), being treated at a hospital (AOR = 11.89, 95 % CI: 3.80, 33.79), and being HIV positive (AOR = 4.783, 95 % CI: 1.46, 15.65). (Table 4)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study found that the rate of tuberculosis treatment failure among adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was relatively lower in Eastern Ethiopia. Targeted interventions should be implemented to address the identified risk factors, particularly among high-risk groups, to improve tuberculosis treatment outcomes throughout the treatment process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101915
Timothy Waje, Mahmud Yerima Iliyasu, Ahmed Faruk Umar, Ediga B. Agbo
Objectives of the research
The objectives of this research were to investigate the occurrence of Cytomegalovirus, determine the prevalence rate and in relation to certain demographic and risk factors, clinical variables, and outcomes among an antenatal cohort of women in the Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria.
Patients and methods
Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant ethical committees for blood sample collection. Approximately 3 ml of blood was obtained from 300 women using separate 5 ml syringes and Ethylenediamintetraacetic acid (EDTA)-coated bottles. The human ABO blood group and Rhesus factor for each subject were determined using blood group antisera while their plasma screened for CMV IgM by enzyme-linked Imunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results
The CMV IgM was detected in 118 subjects, for a prevalence of 39.33 %. This was greater among subjects aged 21–30 years (24 %), of secondary education (17 %), business (18.33 %), and without awareness (38.66 %). Additionally, of blood group, O+ (18 %), genotype AA (34 %), gravidity of two or more (29.33 %), and parity of two or more (29.33 %). Moreover, women without a history of blood transfusion (35.66 %) or surgery (39.56 %), with a history of CS (45.16 %), and two sexual partners (40 %) were more positive for the virus. Similarly, one-time miscarriages (40.62 %) and a history of late childhood (80 %) were positive. The diabetic patient (100 %) and women without knowledge of their health status (40.53 %) had the highest prevalence of clinical history.
Conclusions
This study detected CMV with a prevalence of 39.33 % among the antenatal population within the Bauchi metropolis. This is considered high and of public health concern.
{"title":"Occurrence of Cytomegalovirus among pregnant antenatal women within Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Timothy Waje, Mahmud Yerima Iliyasu, Ahmed Faruk Umar, Ediga B. Agbo","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives of the research</h3><div>The objectives of this research were to investigate the occurrence of <em>Cytomegalovirus</em>, determine the prevalence rate and in relation to certain demographic and risk factors, clinical variables, and outcomes among an antenatal cohort of women in the Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant ethical committees for blood sample collection. Approximately 3 ml of blood was obtained from 300 women using separate 5 ml syringes and Ethylenediamintetraacetic acid (EDTA)-coated bottles. The human ABO blood group and Rhesus factor for each subject were determined using blood group antisera while their plasma screened for <em>CMV</em> IgM by enzyme-linked Imunosorbent assay (ELISA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The <em>CMV</em> IgM was detected in 118 subjects, for a prevalence of 39.33 %. This was greater among subjects aged 21–30 years (24 %), of secondary education (17 %), business (18.33 %), and without awareness (38.66 %). Additionally, of blood group, O+ (18 %), genotype AA (34 %), gravidity of two or more (29.33 %), and parity of two or more (29.33 %). Moreover, women without a history of blood transfusion (35.66 %) or surgery (39.56 %), with a history of CS (45.16 %), and two sexual partners (40 %) were more positive for the virus. Similarly, one-time miscarriages (40.62 %) and a history of late childhood (80 %) were positive. The diabetic patient (100 %) and women without knowledge of their health status (40.53 %) had the highest prevalence of clinical history.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study detected <em>CMV</em> with a prevalence of 39.33 % among the antenatal population within the Bauchi metropolis. This is considered high and of public health concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101919
Amruta Kulkarni, Aarti Nagarkar
Background
Frailty is a complex concept, and individuals' frailty status can change over time. Understanding these transitions is crucial for preventive interventions and healthcare management. This study investigates the factors influencing the transitions between non-frail, pre-frail, and frailty in a cohort of older adults in India.
Methods
A cohort of 317 men and women aged 60 years and older was followed for an average of 16 months. Frailty was measured using the Fried phenotype. Multinomial regression analysis assessed the associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle, functional health, social, and other variables with frailty transitions (worsening, improvement, and retention in the same state).
Results
The mean age on enrolment was 70.4 years, and 56 % were females. Over the period, 30.6 % and 1.5 % of robust worsened to pre-frail and frail category, respectively; 12 % of pre-frail worsened to a frail category and 16 % of frail experienced death or medical complications. Slum residence, baseline impairment of ADL, and balance predicted robust worsening. Tobacco or alcohol use, difficulty in IADL, and balance impairment (Adjusted Relative Risk ratio [ARR]:3.05 CI:1.05–8.86) predicted pre-frail worsening. Literacy (ARR:3.21 CI:1.02–10.11) and social networks (ARR:1.10 CI:1.03–1.16) predicted pre-frail improvement. Cognition and ADL scores were associated with transitions between robustness and pre-frailty in both directions.
Conclusion
Identifying factors such as impaired balance, functional difficulties, literacy, social networks, and cognitive abilities as potential predictors of frailty transition presents a promising outlook for frailty management in older adults.
{"title":"A prospective study on the transition in frailty state and its predictors in community-based older adults in India","authors":"Amruta Kulkarni, Aarti Nagarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Frailty is a complex concept, and individuals' frailty status can change over time. Understanding these transitions is crucial for preventive interventions and healthcare management. This study investigates the factors influencing the transitions between non-frail, pre-frail, and frailty in a cohort of older adults in India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cohort of 317 men and women aged 60 years and older was followed for an average of 16 months. Frailty was measured using the Fried phenotype. Multinomial regression analysis assessed the associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle, functional health, social, and other variables with frailty transitions (worsening, improvement, and retention in the same state).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age on enrolment was 70.4 years, and 56 % were females. Over the period, 30.6 % and 1.5 % of robust worsened to pre-frail and frail category, respectively; 12 % of pre-frail worsened to a frail category and 16 % of frail experienced death or medical complications. Slum residence, baseline impairment of ADL, and balance predicted robust worsening. Tobacco or alcohol use, difficulty in IADL, and balance impairment (Adjusted Relative Risk ratio [ARR]:3.05 CI:1.05–8.86) predicted pre-frail worsening. Literacy (ARR:3.21 CI:1.02–10.11) and social networks (ARR:1.10 CI:1.03–1.16) predicted pre-frail improvement. Cognition and ADL scores were associated with transitions between robustness and pre-frailty in both directions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Identifying factors such as impaired balance, functional difficulties, literacy, social networks, and cognitive abilities as potential predictors of frailty transition presents a promising outlook for frailty management in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号