Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献_第3页

Acceptability and factors associated with the community nutrition service for children under two years of age by mothers in the Degadamot district, west Gojjam, Ethiopia, 2023 2023 年埃塞俄比亚戈贾姆西部 Degadamot 地区母亲对两岁以下儿童社区营养服务的接受程度和相关因素

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101849

Teshome Demis Nimani , Feyisa Shasho Bayisa , Sara Debebe Jimma , Ashenafi Abebe Latebo

Background

Malnutrition accounts for 45 percent of children under five years of age in Ethiopia and is a more common problem in rural communities. In this regard, Ethiopia has implemented the Community Based Neutrition (CBN) program at the community level to improve the nutritional status of children. Despite this, malnutrition still causes a significant rate of child morbidity and mortality. The status of the implementation of the CBN program is unknown.

Methods

A single case study design was employed from March 28 to April 28, 2023. A total of 407 systematically selected mothers for exit interviews participated in the study. The data was entered into Epi-Inf version 7 and exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the factors associated with the acceptability of mothers. Findings were presented using descriptions, tables, and graphs.

Results

According to the predetermined judgment parameter, the acceptability of CBN services by mothers (66.6 %). Rural residence 0.28 (AOR = 0.28, 95 % CI 0.106, 0.754), merchant 0.11 (AOR = 0.11, 95 % CI 0.036, 0.47), primary 2.5 (AOR = 2.53, 95 % CI 1.09, 5.85), secondary 3.29 (AOR = 3.29, 95 % CI 1.03, 8.43), and higher education 1.46 (AOR = 1.46, 95 % CI 1.09, 4.05) were significantly associated with acceptability.

Conclusions

The general acceptability of the mother to community nutrition services was measured fairly according to the predetermined judgment parameter. Educating mothers is an important factor in increasing service acceptability.

背景在埃塞俄比亚，五岁以下儿童中有 45% 营养不良，这一问题在农村社区更为普遍。为此，埃塞俄比亚在社区一级实施了社区营养（CBN）计划，以改善儿童的营养状况。尽管如此，营养不良仍然导致儿童发病率和死亡率居高不下。方法在 2023 年 3 月 28 日至 4 月 28 日期间采用单一案例研究设计。共有 407 名被系统选中进行出口访谈的母亲参与了研究。数据被输入 Epi-Inf 第 7 版，并导出到 STATA 第 17 版进行分析。为确定与母亲接受度相关的因素，进行了多元逻辑回归。结果根据预先确定的判断参数，母亲对 CBN 服务的接受度为 66.6%。农村居民 0.28（AOR = 0.28，95 % CI 0.106，0.754），商人 0.11（AOR = 0.11，95 % CI 0.036，0.47），小学 2.5（AOR = 2.53，95 % CI 1.09，5.85），中学 3.29（AOR = 3.29，95 % CI 1.03，8.43），高等教育 1.46（AOR = 1.结论根据预定的判断参数，母亲对社区营养服务的总体接受度得到了公正的衡量。教育母亲是提高服务可接受性的一个重要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Safety profile of tirzepatide: A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis of EudraVigilance database 替扎帕肽的安全性概况：对 EudraVigilance 数据库的实际药物警戒分析

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101805

Atul Khurana , Syed Arman Rabbani , Mohamed El-Tanani , Mandeep Kumar Arora , Shrestha Sharma , Harikesh Dubey , Alaa A. Aljabali , Murtaza M. Tambuwala

Background

Tirzepatide has demonstrated superior efficacy in glycemic control and weight reduction compared to existing GLP-1 receptor agonists. However, its safety profile remains to be fully elucidated in real-world settings. This study examines its safety profile using the EudraVigilance database.

Methods

We conducted a pharmacovigilance analysis of individual case safety reports (ICSRs) with tirzepatide as the suspected drug using EudraVigilance database. A descriptive analysis was carried out to explore the characteristics of these ICSRs. Disproportionality analysis was performed using reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) metrics.

Results

We evaluated 2102 ICSRs where tirzepatide was implicated as the suspected drug. Majority of the ICSRs were reported by healthcare professionals (1299, 61.8 %). A total of 5774 AEs associated with tirzepatide were reported with majority being classified as serious (4914, 85.1 %). The outcome for most AEs (47.7 %, 2754 AEs) was reported as unknown, whereas 30.9 % (1784 AEs) were reported as recovered/resolved. AEs associated with the ‘Gastrointestinal Disorders’ SOC (1873, 32.4 %) were the most frequently reported, followed by those related to ‘Injury, poisoning and procedural complications’ SOC (641 AEs). Pancreatitis (363) and vomiting (274) emerged as the most commonly reported AEs. The disproportionality analysis indicated a higher reporting frequency of gastrointestinal AEs for tirzepatide (ROR: 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.47-1.23; PRR: 1.16, 95 % CI: 1.26-1.06) compared to semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide and exenatide.

Conclusion

This study underscores tirzepatide's safety profile in real-world settings. It highlights the need for ongoing monitoring, especially considering tirzepatide's recent introduction to the market.

背景与现有的 GLP-1 受体激动剂相比，替扎帕肽在控制血糖和减轻体重方面表现出更优越的疗效。然而，在现实世界中，其安全性仍有待充分阐明。本研究利用 EudraVigilance 数据库对其安全性进行了研究。方法我们利用 EudraVigilance 数据库对以替扎帕肽为可疑药物的单个病例安全报告 (ICSR) 进行了药物警戒分析。我们进行了描述性分析，以探讨这些 ICSR 的特征。结果我们评估了 2102 例以替瑞帕肽为可疑药物的 ICSR。大多数 ICSR 由医护人员报告（1299 例，占 61.8%）。共报告了 5774 例与替哌肽相关的不良反应，其中大多数被归类为严重不良反应（4914 例，占 85.1%）。大多数 AEs（2754 例，占 47.7%）的结果报告为未知，而 30.9%（1784 例）的结果报告为已恢复/解决。与 "胃肠功能紊乱 "SOC（1873 例，32.4%）相关的 AE 报告最多，其次是与 "损伤、中毒和手术并发症 "SOC（641 例）相关的 AE。胰腺炎（363 例）和呕吐（274 例）是最常报告的 AE。比例失调分析表明，与塞马鲁肽、度拉鲁肽、利拉鲁肽和艾塞那肽相比，替扎帕肽的胃肠道 AE 报告频率更高（ROR：1.35，95 % CI：1.47-1.23；PRR：1.16，95 % CI：1.26-1.06）。该研究强调了持续监测的必要性，特别是考虑到替哌肽刚上市不久。

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引用次数: 0

Awareness of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Jordanian parents of overweight and obese children 约旦超重和肥胖儿童家长对非酒精性脂肪肝的认识

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101858

Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar , Laith M. Hannoun , Dima N. Shaban , Ferdous M. Rababa , Sara M. Al-Maqableh , Hala B. Zawahreh , Ahmad A. Abu-Jaber , Suha M. Al-Sarhan , Joumana Ahmed Bassiouni , Nashwa Nabil

Background

Obesity is considered a key risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is now clear that NAFLD is the main contributor to chronic liver disease in children globally, affecting about 40–50 percent of obese children. This study aimed to assess NAFLD awareness among parents of high risk overweight & obese children.

Methods

This study was conducted using a cross-sectional descriptive survey based on a questionnaire that was completed by 425 parents accompanying their child at outpatient nutrition clinics for excessive body weight nutritional management.

Results

Among respondents, 58.1 % recorded knowledge score < 6 indicating poor knowledge level. NAFLD knowledge score was significantly higher in participants with higher educational levels, higher income level and participants working in the medical field.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a relatively low awareness level of NAFLD among parents of overweight and obese children which highlights the importance of developing effective awareness programs by health authorities.

背景肥胖被认为是非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的主要风险因素。目前已明确的是，非酒精性脂肪肝是全球儿童慢性肝病的主要诱因，约有 40%-50% 的肥胖儿童受到非酒精性脂肪肝的影响。本研究旨在评估高风险超重&肥胖儿童的父母对非酒精性脂肪肝的认识。方法本研究采用横断面描述性调查，由425名陪同孩子在门诊营养诊所接受超重营养管理的父母填写问卷。结果在受访者中，58.1%的人记录的知识得分<6表示知识水平较差。教育程度较高、收入水平较高和在医疗领域工作的受访者对非酒精性脂肪肝的知识得分明显较高。结论这项研究表明，超重和肥胖儿童的家长对非酒精性脂肪肝的认识水平相对较低，这突出了卫生部门制定有效宣传计划的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Risk factors for chronic kidney disease in the community: A decade of outreach in Kenya 社区慢性肾病的风险因素：肯尼亚十年的外联工作

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101823

Samuel K. Kabinga , Seth O. McLigeyo , Ahmed Twahir , John N. Ndungu , Nancy N. Wangombe , Diviner K. Nyarera , Grace W. Ngaruiya , Reuben K. Chege , Philip S. Ochieng , McDonald O. Ogutu , George M. Moturi

Problem Considered

Burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally. We present chart analysis of data obtained during community screening for kidney disease between 2011-2021 in various parts of Kenya with objectives to document and stratify risks for kidney disease in the community.

Methods

This was a descriptive analysis charts. Age, sex, individuals’ data on smoking, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), random blood sugar (RBS), dipstick urinalysis, as well as family history of CKD, hypertension and diabetes were analysed. Continuous variables had mean, standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR) while frequencies for categorical variables were calculated.

Results

About 10,675 individuals were analysed. Median age was 41 years (25 – 53). Females were 6,092(57.1%). Known hypertensive, diabetic and smokers were 2,028(19.0%), 881(8.3%) and 523(4.9%) respectively. Family history of hypertension, diabetes and CKD was reported by 3,810(35.7%), 2,751(25.8%) and 978(9.2%) respectively. In 10,121(94.8%) RBS was tested. About 470(4.6%) had RBS < 4.0 mmol/L, 9,298(91.9%) 4.0-11.0 mmol/L while 368(3.6%) was > 11.0 mmol/L. Incidental hyperglycemia was in129 (1.2%). Median SBP and DBP was 128 mmHg (116-143) and 78 mmHg (70 – 87) respectively. Mean BMI was 25.96±5.27 kg/m2. Subgroups with diabetes and hypertension had higher mean age, SBP, DBP and RBS, family history of hypertension, diabetes and CKD.

Conclusion

Burden of risks for CKD in the community high. Blood sugar and blood pressure controls were suboptimal. There was concordance in the findings of hypotensive, diabetic and family history of similar conditions.

考虑的问题全球慢性肾脏病（CKD）的负担日益加重。我们对 2011-2021 年间在肯尼亚各地进行的肾脏病社区筛查所获得的数据进行了图表分析，目的是记录社区中的肾脏病风险并对其进行分层。分析了年龄、性别、个人吸烟数据、糖尿病、高血压、体重指数（BMI）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、随机血糖（RBS）、浸量式尿液分析以及慢性肾脏病、高血压和糖尿病家族史。连续变量有平均值、标准差 (SD)、中位数和四分位数间距 (IQR)，分类变量则计算频率。年龄中位数为 41 岁（25 - 53 岁）。女性有 6,092 人（57.1%）。已知的高血压、糖尿病和吸烟者分别为 2 028 人（19.0%）、881 人（8.3%）和 523 人（4.9%）。有高血压、糖尿病和慢性肾脏病家族史的分别有 3 810 人（35.7%）、2 751 人（25.8%）和 978 人（9.2%）。有 10 121 人（94.8%）接受了 RBS 检测。约 470 人（4.6%）的 RBS 为 4.0 mmol/L，9298 人（91.9%）为 4.0-11.0 mmol/L，368 人（3.6%）为 11.0 mmol/L。129人（1.2%）意外出现高血糖。SBP 和 DBP 的中位数分别为 128 mmHg（116-143）和 78 mmHg（70-87）。平均体重指数为 25.96±5.27 kg/m2。糖尿病和高血压亚组的平均年龄、SBP、DBP 和 RBS、高血压、糖尿病和 CKD 家族史均较高。血糖和血压控制不理想。低血压、糖尿病和类似病症家族史的调查结果一致。

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引用次数: 0

Regional analysis and stage-specific incidence of breast cancer in Kazakhstan: A comprehensive study 哈萨克斯坦乳腺癌的地区分析和分期发病率：综合研究

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101837

Nurbek Igissin , Assem Toguzbayeva , Zhansaya Telmanova , Gulnur Igissinova , Dulat Turebayev , Dariyana Kulmirzayeva , Nariman Syzdykov , Rustem Moldagali , Daulet Baibosynov , Zarina Bilyalova

Background

Breast cancer is the most prevalent oncological pathology in Kazakhstan, ranking among the top three causes of cancer-related deaths in women. The objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of breast cancer, considering factors such as stage, age, sex, and morphological verification in the regional context in Kazakhstan.

Methods

The retrospective study employed descriptive and analytical oncoepidemiological methods. Breast cancer incidence data (2005–2019) were obtained from the Unified Nationwide Electronic Health System (ICD-10 code C50). Demographic data came from the Bureau of National Statistics. Statistical analyses included age-standardized, crude, and age-specific incidence rates, with trend analyses performed using linear regression and the Joinpoint Regression Program to assess average percentage change over time.

Results

The analysis of breast cancer incidence in Kazakhstan shows significant regional variations and an overall upward trend. Nationally, the age-standardized incidence rate is 40.9 per 100,000, with an annual increase of +1.96 %. Early-stage (I-II) breast cancer incidence is rising, particularly in Pavlodar, North Kazakhstan, and Almaty City. In contrast, advanced-stage (III-IV) incidence has generally declined, except in regions like Kostanay, North Kazakhstan, and Atyrau, where late-stage cases are increasing. High morphological verification rates across all regions ensure reliable and accurate diagnostic data.

Conclusion

The study reveals a significant increase in early-stage breast cancer diagnoses in Kazakhstan, highlighting the effectiveness of the national screening program. However, regional disparities in late-stage cancer incidence suggest a need for targeted interventions and improved regional healthcare.

背景在哈萨克斯坦，乳腺癌是发病率最高的肿瘤病症，位居女性癌症相关死亡原因的前三位。本研究旨在分析哈萨克斯坦地区乳腺癌的发病率，同时考虑分期、年龄、性别和形态学验证等因素。乳腺癌发病率数据（2005-2019 年）来自全国统一电子健康系统（ICD-10 代码 C50）。人口统计学数据来自国家统计局。统计分析包括年龄标准化、粗略和特定年龄的发病率，并使用线性回归和连接点回归程序进行趋势分析，以评估随时间变化的平均百分比。全国年龄标准化发病率为每 10 万人 40.9 例，年增长率为 +1.96 %。早期（I-II 期）乳腺癌发病率呈上升趋势，尤其是在巴甫洛达尔、北哈萨克斯坦和阿拉木图市。相比之下，晚期（III-IV 期）乳腺癌发病率普遍下降，只有科斯塔奈、北哈萨克斯坦和阿特劳等地区除外，这些地区的晚期病例正在增加。所有地区的高形态学验证率确保了诊断数据的可靠性和准确性。然而，晚期癌症发病率的地区差异表明，有必要采取有针对性的干预措施并改善地区医疗保健。

{"title":"Regional analysis and stage-specific incidence of breast cancer in Kazakhstan: A comprehensive study","authors":"Nurbek Igissin , Assem Toguzbayeva , Zhansaya Telmanova , Gulnur Igissinova , Dulat Turebayev , Dariyana Kulmirzayeva , Nariman Syzdykov , Rustem Moldagali , Daulet Baibosynov , Zarina Bilyalova","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Breast cancer is the most prevalent oncological pathology in Kazakhstan, ranking among the top three causes of cancer-related deaths in women. The objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of breast cancer, considering factors such as stage, age, sex, and morphological verification in the regional context in Kazakhstan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The retrospective study employed descriptive and analytical oncoepidemiological methods. Breast cancer incidence data (2005–2019) were obtained from the Unified Nationwide Electronic Health System (ICD-10 code C50). Demographic data came from the Bureau of National Statistics. Statistical analyses included age-standardized, crude, and age-specific incidence rates, with trend analyses performed using linear regression and the Joinpoint Regression Program to assess average percentage change over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis of breast cancer incidence in Kazakhstan shows significant regional variations and an overall upward trend. Nationally, the age-standardized incidence rate is 40.9 per 100,000, with an annual increase of +1.96 %. Early-stage (I-II) breast cancer incidence is rising, particularly in Pavlodar, North Kazakhstan, and Almaty City. In contrast, advanced-stage (III-IV) incidence has generally declined, except in regions like Kostanay, North Kazakhstan, and Atyrau, where late-stage cases are increasing. High morphological verification rates across all regions ensure reliable and accurate diagnostic data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study reveals a significant increase in early-stage breast cancer diagnoses in Kazakhstan, highlighting the effectiveness of the national screening program. However, regional disparities in late-stage cancer incidence suggest a need for targeted interventions and improved regional healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Educational intervention to raise awareness and foster responsibility for Chagas disease risk factors in the rural community of Texca, Guerrero, Mexico.” 在墨西哥格雷罗州特克斯卡农村社区开展教育干预活动，提高对南美锥虫病风险因素的认识并培养责任感"。

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101831

Alejandra Gabriela Bárcenas-Irabién , María Laura Sampedro-Rosas , Mariana C. De Alba-Alvarado , Margarita Cabrera-Bravo , Paz María Silvia Salazar-Schettino , Alexis Javier Garzón-Espinosa , Elia Torres-Gutiérrez , Martha Irene Bucio-Torres

Problem considered

Chagas disease is a vector-borne parasitic infection considered of public health importance. For farmers and residents of endemic areas, vectors are part of their day to day life and they often lack awareness of their infectious potential, so the risk they pose is not a main concern in their lives. So far, existing measures set in place to eradicate the vector have not been effective long-term.

Methods

In this study, a one-year program was designed and implemented to inform and assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of 81 parents or heads of household regarding the risk of transmission and prevention of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The program aimed to raise awareness of the crucial role they play in the prevention and control of vectors associated with Chagas disease.

Results

After educational interventions, a notable increase in the percentage of knowledge regarding the parasite, transmission factors, and Chagas disease was observed.

Conclusion

This might suggest that properly implementing educational interventions within the population, with training from health professionals and through public programs, will allow for the reduction of infection risks. In the long term, it could significantly reduce the incidence of the disease in the region and state.

考虑的问题恰加斯病是一种病媒传播的寄生虫感染，被认为具有重要的公共卫生意义。对于地方病流行地区的农民和居民来说，病媒是他们日常生活的一部分，他们往往缺乏对病媒潜在传染性的认识，因此病媒带来的风险并不是他们生活中的主要问题。本研究设计并实施了一项为期一年的计划，以了解和评估 81 位家长或户主对传播风险和预防克鲁斯锥虫感染的知识、态度和看法。结果经过教育干预后，人们对寄生虫、传播因素和恰加斯病的了解比例明显增加。结论这可能表明，在卫生专业人员的培训下，通过公共项目在人群中适当实施教育干预，可以降低感染风险。从长远来看，这将大大降低该地区和该州的恰加斯病发病率。

{"title":"Educational intervention to raise awareness and foster responsibility for Chagas disease risk factors in the rural community of Texca, Guerrero, Mexico.”","authors":"Alejandra Gabriela Bárcenas-Irabién , María Laura Sampedro-Rosas , Mariana C. De Alba-Alvarado , Margarita Cabrera-Bravo , Paz María Silvia Salazar-Schettino , Alexis Javier Garzón-Espinosa , Elia Torres-Gutiérrez , Martha Irene Bucio-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem considered</h3><div>Chagas disease is a vector-borne parasitic infection considered of public health importance. For farmers and residents of endemic areas, vectors are part of their day to day life and they often lack awareness of their infectious potential, so the risk they pose is not a main concern in their lives. So far, existing measures set in place to eradicate the vector have not been effective long-term.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, a one-year program was designed and implemented to inform and assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of 81 parents or heads of household regarding the risk of transmission and prevention of <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> infection. The program aimed to raise awareness of the crucial role they play in the prevention and control of vectors associated with Chagas disease<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After educational interventions, a notable increase in the percentage of knowledge regarding the parasite, transmission factors, and Chagas disease was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This might suggest that properly implementing educational interventions within the population, with training from health professionals and through public programs, will allow for the reduction of infection risks. In the long term, it could significantly reduce the incidence of the disease in the region and state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“A study on socio-demographic-based knowledge and awareness for cervical cancer among women from Uttar Pradesh, India” "关于印度北方邦妇女对宫颈癌的社会人口学知识和认识的研究"。

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101825

Shireen Masood , Atar Singh Kushwah , Anshika Yadav , Paramjeet Singh , Kirti Srivastava , Monisha Banerjee

Background

Cervical cancer has led to unprecedented mortality in developing countries, including India. Socio-demographic factors are known to influence knowledge of cervical cancer, screening practices, and HPV vaccination. This study aims to assess cervical cancer awareness and vaccination willingness among women in Uttar Pradesh, India, and identify key socio-demographic determinants.

Methods

A clinical and community-based survey in northern India was conducted with a total of 666 women of ≥20 years of age. The survey, developed and verified through expert consultation and pilot testing, covered socio-demographics, cervical cancer knowledge, symptoms, HPV awareness, and vaccine attitudes. Online, offline, and targeted outreach distributed the questionnaire randomly to the general public. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, and chi-square testing.

Results

Among the 666 participants involved in this survey, 516 women (77.5 %) were acquainted with the word “cervical cancer”. Only 235 (45.57 %) of the female participators had sound understanding with regard to cervical cancer symptoms (mean score: 7.7); however, it was less in women dwelling in rural areas (p < 0.05). In less or uneducated women, low-income household women, and rural dwellers, the knowledge regarding HPV-mediated cervical cancer and willingness to get vaccinated against HPV were low (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

This study reveals critical gaps in cervical cancer awareness and vaccination willingness, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged and rural women. In impoverished areas, targeted public health interventions including information campaigns and affordable HPV vaccines are needed to improve early stage identification and prevention.

背景在包括印度在内的发展中国家，宫颈癌导致了前所未有的死亡率。众所周知，社会人口因素会影响对宫颈癌的认识、筛查方法和 HPV 疫苗接种。本研究旨在评估印度北方邦妇女对宫颈癌的认识和接种疫苗的意愿，并确定关键的社会人口决定因素。方法在印度北部对 666 名年龄≥20 岁的妇女进行了临床和社区调查。调查内容包括社会人口统计学、宫颈癌知识、症状、对 HPV 的认识以及对疫苗的态度。调查问卷通过在线、离线和有针对性的宣传方式随机发放给公众。数据分析采用 SPSS 16.0 描述性统计、交叉表法和卡方检验。只有 235 名（45.57%）女性参与者对宫颈癌症状有正确的认识（平均分：7.7 分），但农村妇女的这一比例较低（p <0.05）。在受教育程度较低或未受过教育的妇女、低收入家庭妇女和农村居民中，对由 HPV 引起的宫颈癌的了解程度和接种 HPV 疫苗的意愿都很低（分别为 p < 0.05 和 p < 0.001）。在贫困地区，需要采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施，包括宣传活动和负担得起的人乳头瘤病毒疫苗，以改善早期识别和预防。

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引用次数: 0

The relation between maternal participation in pregnancy classes and EIBF accomplishment in Indonesia: An evident from nationally representative survey 印度尼西亚孕产妇参加孕期课程与 EIBF 成效之间的关系：来自全国代表性调查的证据

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101852

Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani , Agung Dwi Laksono , Leny Latifah , Taufiq Hidayat , Setia Pranata , Yusi Dwi Nurcahyani

Objectives

Prenatal Classes (PC) aim to increase the output of pregnancy and childbirth for mothers and their babies, including tutorials on the nutritional intake for children. The study analyzes the Prenatal Class's effectiveness on early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) in Indonesia.

Methods

The cross-sectional study examined 2382 children under two years. Besides nutritional status (stature), the study analyzed ten independent variables (residence, maternal age, marital, maternal education, employment, wealth, children's age, gender, and early initiation breastfeeding (EIBF). We used a binary logistic regression test in the final stage.

Results

The study informed that mothers with PC were 1.209 times more likely to achieve EIBF than those without (AOR 1.209; 95 % CI 1.205–1.213). Moreover, the results also found that all control variables were significantly related to EIBF achievement.

Conclusion

The study concluded that PC effectively increases EIBF in Indonesia. Mothers with PC are more likely to achieve EIBF than those without. Furthermore, the study also found all control variables were significantly related to EIBF achievement.

目的产前课堂（PC）旨在提高母亲和婴儿的妊娠和分娩产出，包括对儿童营养摄入的指导。本研究分析了产前班对印度尼西亚早期母乳喂养（EIBF）的效果。方法：本横断面研究调查了 2382 名两岁以下的儿童。除营养状况（身材）外，研究还分析了十个自变量（居住地、母亲年龄、婚姻状况、母亲教育程度、就业情况、财富状况、儿童年龄、性别和早期母乳喂养（EIBF））。我们在最后阶段使用了二元逻辑回归测试。研究结果表明，有 PC 的母亲实现 EIBF 的可能性是无 PC 母亲的 1.209 倍（AOR 1.209；95 % CI 1.205-1.213）。此外，研究结果还发现，所有控制变量都与 EIBF 的实现有显著关系。有 PC 的母亲比没有 PC 的母亲更有可能实现 EIBF。此外，研究还发现所有控制变量都与 EIBF 的实现有明显关系。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of feasibility and utility of urinary lipoarabinomannan assay against conventional sputum microscopy in the detection of tuberculosis among people with and without HIV infection 评估尿液脂联素甘露聚糖检测法与传统痰液显微镜检测法在检测艾滋病毒感染者和非艾滋病毒感染者中结核病的可行性和实用性

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101827

Chakrapani Chatla , Neetu Mishra , Malathi Jojula , Vijay Nema , Rajesham Adepu , Mallikarjun Puttala

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health challenge. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assessment in urine is a potential molecular diagnostic tool for TB.

Methods

We evaluated the feasibility and utility of urinary LAM in detecting TB along with sputum smear microscopy (SSM) and the TrueNAT test. In an observational cross-sectional pilot study, we collected sputum and urine samples from 240 subjects visiting the Designated Microscopy Center, Warangal during Apr-Sep 2021. LED microscopy, TrueNAT and liquid culture were performed on sputum while LAM test was conducted on urine samples.

Results

Mean age of the subjects was 45.1 (SD = 16.1) years. The majority were men (66 %), married (89 %) and urban (52 %) subjects. Overall sensitivity of urine LAM was 63.6 % and specificity 80.1 % while that of LED microscopy were 59.6 % and 56.7 % respectively. TrueNAT had sensitivity of 58.6 % and specificity of 80.1 %. However, a combination of LAM + TrueNAT had 79.8 % sensitivity. Among PLHIV, LAM + SSM has better sensitivity than any other combination of these tests or alone across all CD4 count categories.

Conclusion

Urinary LAM can be a more useful, feasible and better TB diagnostic biomarker over LED microscopy in diagnosing TB among the subjects who have symptoms irrespective of HIV status and recommend further evaluation of next-generation urinary LAM diagnostics to reach the unreached through a point of care tool.

背景结核病（TB）是一项重大的全球公共卫生挑战。我们评估了尿液中的脂联素甘露聚糖（LAM）与痰涂片显微镜检查（SSM）和 TrueNAT 检测一起检测结核病的可行性和实用性。在一项观察性横断面试点研究中，我们收集了 2021 年 4 月至 9 月期间在瓦兰加尔市指定显微镜中心就诊的 240 名受试者的痰液和尿液样本。对痰液进行了 LED 显微镜检查、TrueNAT 和液体培养，对尿液样本进行了 LAM 测试。大多数受试者为男性（66%）、已婚（89%）和城市居民（52%）。尿液 LAM 的总体灵敏度为 63.6%，特异性为 80.1%，而 LED 显微镜的灵敏度和特异性分别为 59.6% 和 56.7%。TrueNAT 的灵敏度为 58.6%，特异性为 80.1%。不过，LAM + TrueNAT 组合的灵敏度为 79.8%。在艾滋病毒感染者中，在所有 CD4 细胞计数类别中，尿液 LAM + SSM 的灵敏度均高于这些检测方法的任何其他组合或单独使用。

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引用次数: 0

Circulating respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2 during 2021–2022 season in Tunisia: Epidemiological and dynamic changes 突尼斯 2021-2022 年季节期间包括 SARS-CoV-2 在内的呼吸道病毒循环：流行病学和动态变化

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101824

Awatef Taktak , Saba Gargouri , Amel Chtourou , Fahmi Smaoui , Rim Karray , Noureddine Rekik , Lamia Feki-Berrajah , Héla Karray-Hakim

Background

Changing patterns in community respiratory virus activity were reported in different geographical locations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of circulating respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, during the season 2021–2022 in Tunisia.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 328 nasopharyngeal samples received at the Triage Center of Habib Bourguiba Hospital from patients with acute respiratory symptoms during September 2021–May 2022. All samples were screened for both SARS-CoV-2 and common respiratory viruses. This latter detection was performed using end-point multiplex RT-PCRs, Real-Time PCR, and AllplexTM Respiratory Panel 1 kit (Seegene) for Influenza Virus A (IFVA) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) subtyping.

Results

Among included patients, at least one viral pathogen was identified in 118 (35.9 %) patients. The detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 21.6 %. A low viral coinfection rate was observed (3.3 %). The most prevalent pathogen among non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses was Enterovirus/Rhinovirus (HEV/HRV) (59.6 %) followed by IFVA (15.3 %) and Adenoviruses (ADV) (11.5 %). Only IFVA H3N2 was found to circulate during the study period. A negative virus interaction was eventually induced by SARS-CoV-2, as it was shown by lower levels of activity of non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses (not exceeding 17.7 %) while infections due to pandemic Omicron variants of concern became widespread.

Conclusions

This study highlights the relative return of community IFVA circulation during the 2021–2022 season in Tunisia. A negative viral interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses is highly suggested, which explains, in addition to the easing of COVID-19 restriction measures, the epidemiological changes in non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulation.

背景据报道，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，不同地区的社区呼吸道病毒活动模式不断变化。本研究旨在评估 2021-2022 年期间突尼斯流行的呼吸道病毒（包括 SARS-CoV-2）的流行情况。方法我们回顾性地采集了哈比卜-布尔吉巴医院分诊中心在 2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 5 月期间从急性呼吸道症状患者处获得的 328 份鼻咽样本。我们对所有样本进行了 SARS-CoV-2 和普通呼吸道病毒筛查。后者的检测采用端点多重 RT-PCR、实时 PCR 和 AllplexTM Respiratory Panel 1 试剂盒（Seegene）进行甲型流感病毒 (IFVA) 和呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV) 亚型鉴定。SARS-CoV-2 的检出率为 21.6%。病毒合并感染率较低（3.3%）。非 SARS-CoV-2 病毒中最常见的病原体是肠道病毒/鼻病毒 (HEV/HRV)（59.6%），其次是 IFVA（15.3%）和腺病毒 (ADV)（11.5%）。在研究期间，只发现 IFVA H3N2 在流行。非 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的活动水平较低（不超过 17.7%），而令人担忧的大流行性 Omicron 变种导致的感染却很普遍，这表明 SARS-CoV-2 最终诱发了病毒的负交互作用。除了 COVID-19 限制措施的放松外，这也解释了非 SARS-CoV-2 病毒流行的流行病学变化。

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