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What is Critical—and Anthropological—about Critical Urban Anthropology? 批判城市人类学的批判和人类学是什么?
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12425
Christina Schwenkel
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引用次数: 1
Dragging Anthropology Towards a Just and Egalitarian Future 把人类学拖向公正和平等的未来
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12426
Jeff Maskovsky

I propose a dialogue between new abolitionist approaches and black feminist theory on the one hand and anticapitalist critical urban social theory on the other. This dialogue has great potential to advance approaches that unhide the death dealing logics that shape city-making and also to identify and amplify the emancipatory potentialities and forms of cultural, social, economic, and political improvisation that can lead us to more positive futures.

我建议在新废奴主义方法和黑人女性主义理论以及反资本主义批判城市社会理论之间进行对话。这种对话具有巨大的潜力,可以推动揭示影响城市建设的死亡处理逻辑的方法,也可以识别和扩大文化、社会、经济和政治即兴创作的解放潜力和形式,从而引领我们走向更积极的未来。
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引用次数: 1
Toward a Certain Kind of Critical Urban Anthropology 走向一种批判的城市人类学
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12428
John L. Jackson Jr.
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引用次数: 0
The Critical as an Intellectual Space 作为知识空间的批判
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12427
Matilde Córdoba Azcárate
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引用次数: 0
Contested Meanings of Urban Heritage in Hong Kong 香港城市遗产的争议意义
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12420
Sonia Lam-Knott

Confrontations between the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) government and civil society regarding the demolition of historical sites across the city have been occurring since the mid-2000s. These clashes have been interpreted as the consequence of exclusionary heritage governance practices; postcolonial identity anxieties; and popular dissatisfaction toward economic injustices in the city. This essay argues that heritage mobilizations also arise from the competing meanings and expectations the SAR government and civil society have attached to notions of “urban heritage,” especially in relation to urban liveability discourses. Using documentary and ethnographic data, this essay provides an overview of Hong Kong’s heritage landscape before examining approaches by both government and civil society toward heritage conservation—reflecting their respective understandings as to what urban heritage entails for urban life. This essay finds the SAR government position heritage as being secondary to urban redevelopment, a means of establishing urban liveability in economic terms. In contrast, civil society actors frame heritage as integral to redevelopment, producing a liveable city through enriching social conviviality. By delineating the disparate ways urban heritage is valued in Hong Kong, this essay offers broader insights on the conflict regarding how present and future urban life is envisioned in Asian cities.

自2000年代中期以来,香港特别行政区政府和市民社会就拆除香港各地的历史遗迹发生了冲突。这些冲突被解释为排他性遗产治理实践的后果;后殖民身份焦虑;以及民众对该市经济不公的不满。本文认为,遗产动员也源于特区政府和民间社会对“城市遗产”概念的竞争意义和期望,特别是在城市宜居性话语方面。本文利用文献资料和民族志资料,概述香港的文物景观,然后探讨政府和民间社会在文物保护方面的方法,反映他们各自对城市遗产对城市生活的意义的理解。本文发现特区政府将遗产置于城市重建之后,从经济角度来看,这是建立城市宜居性的一种手段。相比之下,民间社会行动者将遗产视为重建的组成部分,通过丰富社会活动创造一个宜居的城市。通过描述香港城市遗产的不同价值,本文对亚洲城市当前和未来城市生活的设想提供了更广泛的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Anthony Leeds Prize for Cartographies of Youth Resistance: Hip-Hop, Punk, and Urban Autonomy in Mexico 安东尼·利兹青年抵抗制图奖:墨西哥的嘻哈、朋克和城市自治
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12422
Maurice Rafael Magaña
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引用次数: 0
Anthropology at the Ends of the Lines 人类学在线的末端
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12423
Rashmi Sadana
<p>I have been thinking about what a critical urban anthropology does and means for the last ten years or so, as I have been researching Delhi’s new and massive urban rail system. The research is over, the book – <i>The Moving City: Scenes from the Delhi Metro and the Social Life of Infrastructure</i> (<span>2022</span>) – is out, but I am realizing more and more that this work has re-wired my brain in terms of how I think about cities and how I think I will approach them from here on out. This re-wiring has chiefly to do with the critical engagement with the city that the Delhi Metro required me to have, a two-fold process of rethinking my methodologies and reckoning with what “city” meant or stood for. At first, the metro system posed a methodological challenge: How was I going to study such a vast system ethnographically? How was I going to be everywhere I needed to be? And how exactly was I to study “the mass” in mass transit?</p><p>To this end, my critical urban anthropology began with reevaluating what ethnography might mean and do in a city of 20 million. How does one approach a megacity and the myriad forms of urbanization underway in it? How does the focus on the intricate and small-scale – the hallmark of anthropological research – get squared with the bigness of cities, their growth and the forms they spawn?</p><p>The “critical” in critical urban anthropology widens our perspective by challenging normative understandings of the city and its development, and it also compels us to see things in a new light, to juxtapose what is usually not juxtaposed, because practically speaking, this is what enables us to forge a new object of research or category or line of analysis. The urban is anything but static, and the “critical” highlights this dynamism, whether the urban is a place or a process, and it is often both.</p><p>With the Delhi Metro, the “critical” became a question of space and place, of grappling with the spatial dimensions of a multiline system and the dozens and then hundreds of metro stations strewn across the urban landscape, of scaling up and then down quickly and repeatedly. I started out by meeting officials, architects, urban planners, activists, politicians, and bureaucrats, mostly in offices, learning about their plans and executions and the bumpy roads between them. This meant understanding what was “critical” from their perspectives. But then, over the years, as three Metro lines became nine, I shifted to spending most of my time riding the trains. I witnessed and often took part in thousands of interactions across the city from ends to ends. I found that despite the straight lines on the Metro map, the city was not a set of linear relationships, and its borders were not fixed or clear cut. I started to see that the real challenge was not only going to be understanding what the “city” was geographically and bureaucratically, but also, what it meant to people and how they negotiated their lives through it. And here I se
在过去十年左右的时间里,我一直在思考批判性城市人类学的作用和意义,因为我一直在研究德里新的大规模城市铁路系统。研究结束了,《移动的城市:德里地铁的场景和基础设施的社会生活》(2022)一书出版了,但我越来越意识到,这项工作已经重新连接了我对城市的看法,以及我认为从现在开始我将如何接近城市。这种重新规划主要与德里地铁要求我与城市进行批判性接触有关,这是一个双重过程,既要重新思考我的方法,又要思考“城市”的含义或代表什么。起初,地铁系统提出了一个方法论上的挑战:我该如何从民族志上研究这样一个庞大的系统?我怎样才能到达我需要去的地方呢?我该如何研究公共交通中的“质量”呢?为此,我的批判性城市人类学从重新评估民族志在一个2000万人口的城市中可能意味着什么和做什么开始。一个人该如何看待一个特大城市以及其中正在进行的各种形式的城市化?对复杂和小规模的关注——人类学研究的标志——如何与城市的规模、城市的发展和城市产生的形式相协调?批判城市人类学中的“批判”通过挑战对城市及其发展的规范理解,拓宽了我们的视野,它也迫使我们以新的眼光看待事物,将通常不并列的东西并列起来,因为实际上,这使我们能够形成新的研究对象、类别或分析路线。城市绝不是静态的,无论城市是一个地方还是一个过程,它往往都是动态的,“关键”强调了这种动态。在德里地铁项目中,“关键”变成了空间和地点的问题,变成了应对多线路系统和遍布城市景观的数十乃至数百个地铁站的空间维度的问题,变成了快速、反复地扩大规模、然后缩小规模的问题。一开始,我会见了官员、建筑师、城市规划者、活动家、政治家和官僚,主要是在办公室里,了解他们的计划和执行情况,以及他们之间崎岖不平的道路。这意味着从他们的角度理解什么是“关键的”。但是,随着时间的推移,三条地铁线路变成了九条,我把大部分时间都花在了坐火车上。我见证并经常参与了成千上万的互动,从城市的一端到另一端。我发现,尽管地铁地图上有直线,但这座城市并不是一组线性关系,它的边界也不是固定的或明确的。我开始意识到,真正的挑战不仅在于理解“城市”在地理上和官僚制度上是什么,而且在于理解它对人们意味着什么,以及他们如何通过它来协商自己的生活。在这里,我似乎又回到了那个陌生而又有争议的人类学领域,城市与农村,伟大与渺小。地铁是否代表了德里的过去和未来之间的断裂,即适当的城市(密集建筑)和更多的内陆农村?还是地铁本身创造了一个城乡统一体?在这种划定边界的基础设施中,交通不平等、流动性和城市发展等问题的利害关系是什么?我发现地铁确实代表了一种突破,但主要是因为它的物质对象和它所创造的感官破坏。它的规模和重量令人印象深刻,但它的安静可能令人担忧。它既接地又移动,并产生了新的民族志对象,例如火车和车站的新内部以及地铁和街道之间的新界面。它也产生了一种新的观念,因此对“城市”本身进行了客观化:一个既在解体又在建设的城市。至于另一个转折点,也就是从中心城市开始到城外结束的转折点,就不那么明确了。对于许多人来说,地铁线路的终点标志着城市的开始,并且随着人们进入系统的时间模式,人们能够更准确地指定时间和地点。然而,在更精神的意义上,线的两端也是乡村或非城市被运输和吸收到城市的地方。随着地铁的发展,我的人类学越来越多地转向地铁线的末端,它开始越来越远离地铁系统的中心枢纽。在物质上和经验上穿越这段距离,成为我研究中一个重要的民族志地点,也成为我在人们的生活和态度中所看到的各种变化的象征。在字里行间,我把自己的目光转回到我自以为熟悉的“中心”。我对城市空间的线性甚至城乡之间的连续性的看法被动摇了。
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引用次数: 0
Blaming Kehl: Muslim Turkish Men and their Moral Journey in the Franco-German Borderland 指责凯尔:土耳其穆斯林男子和他们在法德边境的道德之旅
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12419
Oğuz Alyanak

Geographical space is more than a Cartesian plane where actors move across coordinates. It has a moral weight that renders each move subject to moral discourse. Yet, rarely does this premise prevent people from exploring spaces that are associated with anything wrong or bad. In fact, we continue to find people in places where they should not be, and doing things that are not just communally shunned but also personally acknowledged to be wrong or bad. Why is that the case? This paper draws on my ethnography on Turkish men who live in Strasbourg and socialize in its German neighbor, Kehl, to examine the role of space in the production of moral and masculine dispositions and practices. Approaching the Strasbourg-Kehl border as a moral boundary, I examine how crossing the border to Kehl constitutes an integral part of the journey that my interlocutors take in constructing their moral and masculine selves. In this journey, spatial transgressions are not diverted but embraced, and confronted. These transgressions also produce anxieties—mistakes which in moments of self-reflection lead to regrets. In such moments, two logics come into play: consequentialism and blame. The first builds on Islamic notions of fallibility and nefs, while the latter brings Kehl into the picture as a moral alibi—a space that takes blame for sins. The latter also helps others in the community who fail to prevent men from going to Kehl and transgressing moral boundaries to transpose culpability. In conclusion, I emphasize the need to consider the making and maintenance of masculinities and moralities in conjunction with the lived environments where such identities are formed and performed.

地理空间不仅仅是一个笛卡尔平面,在这个平面上参与者可以跨坐标移动。它有道德的分量,使每一个动作都服从于道德话语。然而,这个前提很少会阻止人们探索与错误或坏的事物有关的空间。事实上,我们不断发现人们出现在他们不应该出现的地方,做着不仅被社区回避,而且被个人认为是错误或不好的事情。为什么会这样呢?本文利用我对居住在斯特拉斯堡并在其德国邻居凯尔(Kehl)社交的土耳其男性的民族志,来研究空间在道德和男性气质和实践的产生中所起的作用。将斯特拉斯堡-凯尔边界作为道德边界,我考察了跨越边界到凯尔如何构成我的对话者在构建他们的道德和男性自我的旅程中不可或缺的一部分。在这段旅程中,空间上的越界没有被转移,而是被接纳和面对。这些越轨行为也会产生焦虑——这些错误在自我反省的时候会导致后悔。在这种情况下,两种逻辑开始发挥作用:结果主义和责备。前者建立在伊斯兰教的易犯错误和罪恶的观念之上,而后者则把凯尔作为一个道德上的不在场证明——一个为罪恶承担责任的空间。后者也帮助了社区中那些没能阻止男人去凯尔,越过道德界限来转移罪责的人。最后,我强调有必要结合形成和执行这种身份的生活环境,考虑男子气概和道德的形成和维持。
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引用次数: 2
Editors’ Note 编者注
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12418
Julian Brash, Kristin Monroe
Abstract:In situating the questions of how languages shape the ideas of history, history writing, and self-identification of community, the importance of colonialism is key. Allison Busch’s scholarship framed an important intervention in our collective approach to the early-modern subcontinent. This article introduces a special section consisting of articles by students, colleagues, and mentors of Busch.
摘要:在探讨语言如何塑造历史观念、历史写作和社区自我认同的问题时,殖民主义的重要性是关键。Allison Busch的学术为我们对早期现代次大陆的集体方法进行了重要干预。本文介绍了Busch的学生、同事和导师的文章。
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引用次数: 0
Battling Over Bathwater: Greywater Technopolitics in Los Angeles 争夺洗澡水:洛杉矶的灰水技术政治
IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/ciso.12414
Sayd Randle

In Los Angeles, domestic wastewater recycling (“greywater”) systems are controversial, loved by local environmentalists and disdained by the city’s water agencies. Drawing on fieldwork among greywater advocates and public water agency workers, this article examines how greywater systems function as nodes that unsettle relations between residents and the public agencies that manage the city’s water grid. Elaborating the longstanding frictions over greywater reuse in LA reveals how these fixtures are mobilized by advocates to rescript the roles of both individuals and the state within the urban waterscape. Detailing public agency workers’ resistance to this form of selective disconnection from the grid helps to clarify the patterns of flows, norms of consumption, and forms of state control at stake in efforts to decentralize arrangements of urban water management.

在洛杉矶,家庭污水回收(“灰水”)系统备受争议,受到当地环保人士的喜爱,却遭到该市水务机构的蔑视。通过对灰水倡导者和公共供水机构工作人员的实地调查,本文研究了灰水系统如何作为扰乱居民与管理城市水网的公共机构之间关系的节点发挥作用。详细阐述了洛杉矶长期以来关于污水再利用的摩擦,揭示了这些装置是如何被倡导者动员起来的,以规定个人和国家在城市水景中的角色。详细描述公共机构工作人员对这种形式的选择性断开电网的抵制有助于澄清流动模式、消费规范和在分散城市水管理安排的努力中处于危险的国家控制形式。
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引用次数: 0
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