Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2021.2020659
Freja Balslev Heath, Signe Højbjerre Larsen
ABSTRACT This article contributes to an ongoing discussion within sports philosophy concerning how to understand intentional movement in sporting activities. The operations of ‘representation intentionality’, ‘motor intentionality’ and ‘muscular intentionality’ play an increasing role in the attempt to nuance the relation between mind, body and world involved in physical activities. While most scholars tend to reduce one aspect to the other, Breivik has suggested that we can gain a more integrated picture combining the different forms of intentionality as different layers of understanding in action. Though different perspectives of intentionality certainly illuminate different aspects of actions, we believe the ontological implications such an eclectic model entails exceeds the potential benefits. In this article we present a critical evaluation of the exact meaning and exploratory scope of these perspectives by entering into a dialogue with Breivik’s main sources, Rizzolatti, Merleau-Ponty and Searle. We argue that we can achieve a more consistent theory by reconceptualizing the different ‘layers of intentionality’ as different ‘levels of embodiment’ within a Husserlian frame of hermeneutic phenomenology. Finally, we empathize Husserl’s potential contribution to the field of sports philosophy illustrated through sporting examples with a focus on climbing.
{"title":"A Husserlian contribution: concerning intentional movement and understanding in sporting activities","authors":"Freja Balslev Heath, Signe Højbjerre Larsen","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2021.2020659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2021.2020659","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article contributes to an ongoing discussion within sports philosophy concerning how to understand intentional movement in sporting activities. The operations of ‘representation intentionality’, ‘motor intentionality’ and ‘muscular intentionality’ play an increasing role in the attempt to nuance the relation between mind, body and world involved in physical activities. While most scholars tend to reduce one aspect to the other, Breivik has suggested that we can gain a more integrated picture combining the different forms of intentionality as different layers of understanding in action. Though different perspectives of intentionality certainly illuminate different aspects of actions, we believe the ontological implications such an eclectic model entails exceeds the potential benefits. In this article we present a critical evaluation of the exact meaning and exploratory scope of these perspectives by entering into a dialogue with Breivik’s main sources, Rizzolatti, Merleau-Ponty and Searle. We argue that we can achieve a more consistent theory by reconceptualizing the different ‘layers of intentionality’ as different ‘levels of embodiment’ within a Husserlian frame of hermeneutic phenomenology. Finally, we empathize Husserl’s potential contribution to the field of sports philosophy illustrated through sporting examples with a focus on climbing.","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"49 1","pages":"99 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42115752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2022.2032110
Alfred Archer, Jake Wojtowicz
ABSTRACT Do sports fans really care about their team winning? According to several philosophers, the answer is no. Sports fans engage in fictional caring during the match, which involves a game of make-believe that the result is important. We will argue that this account does not provide a full account of the way in which fans relate to the teams they support. For many fans, the team they support forms a core part of their identity. The success or failure of their team impacts the community they are a part of and around which they build a central part of their identity. For these fans, it really does matter whether their team wins or loses. We will finish by articulating a more limited role that fictional caring may play in sports fandom.
{"title":"It’s much more important than that: against fictionalist accounts of fandom","authors":"Alfred Archer, Jake Wojtowicz","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2022.2032110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2022.2032110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Do sports fans really care about their team winning? According to several philosophers, the answer is no. Sports fans engage in fictional caring during the match, which involves a game of make-believe that the result is important. We will argue that this account does not provide a full account of the way in which fans relate to the teams they support. For many fans, the team they support forms a core part of their identity. The success or failure of their team impacts the community they are a part of and around which they build a central part of their identity. For these fans, it really does matter whether their team wins or loses. We will finish by articulating a more limited role that fictional caring may play in sports fandom.","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"49 1","pages":"83 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43502748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2021.1976194
D. Rosenberg, P. Sailors
ABSTRACT On 12 October 2019, Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge became the first person to run a ‘marathon’, known as the INEOS 1:59 Challenge, in less than 2 hours in a time of 1:59:40.2. However, his time was not ratified as a world record by World Athletics. We not only explain why this phenomenal achievement was not recognized as a legitimate record but argue his sub 2-h ‘marathon’ run produced a meaningless ‘record’ because the feat was not part of a contest. His run was an experiment or time trial spectacle backed by the best scientists, technology, organizers, athletes, conditions, and media coverage money can buy. Four areas buttress our argument: the selective use of technology, the concept of a record, the distinction between a test and contest, and the meaning of a marathon. We conclude by presenting an account of what makes a marathon record meaningful.
{"title":"What money can buy: technology and breaking the two-hour ‘marathon’ record","authors":"D. Rosenberg, P. Sailors","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2021.1976194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2021.1976194","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On 12 October 2019, Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge became the first person to run a ‘marathon’, known as the INEOS 1:59 Challenge, in less than 2 hours in a time of 1:59:40.2. However, his time was not ratified as a world record by World Athletics. We not only explain why this phenomenal achievement was not recognized as a legitimate record but argue his sub 2-h ‘marathon’ run produced a meaningless ‘record’ because the feat was not part of a contest. His run was an experiment or time trial spectacle backed by the best scientists, technology, organizers, athletes, conditions, and media coverage money can buy. Four areas buttress our argument: the selective use of technology, the concept of a record, the distinction between a test and contest, and the meaning of a marathon. We conclude by presenting an account of what makes a marathon record meaningful.","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"49 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44224612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2021.1972814
G. Breivik
ABSTRACT My purpose in this article is to raise the problem of meaning in sport. The problem has two aspects. One is whether sport has any meaning in itself. The other is about how sport can be a part of a meaningful life. While I touch upon the first problem, my discussion’s main thrust is about the second aspect. I start with clarifying the notion of ‘meaning’, the possible sources of meaning, and the idea of ‘leading a meaningful life’. I distinguish between two views, the existentialist notion of meaning as created and the metaphysical view that meaning is something we find. I then look at the relation between meaning and value. I argue that while value is characterized by showing an internal unity in complexity, meaning is characterized by connecting elements into a pattern with a goal. I then ask if meaning can stand on its own legs and how value can ground meaning? I then show how people can integrate sports in their lives to lead more well-balanced and meaningful lives. I end by discussing some parallels between the debate about meaning in sport and the discussion of the moral character of sport.
{"title":"Sport as part of a meaningful life","authors":"G. Breivik","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2021.1972814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2021.1972814","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT My purpose in this article is to raise the problem of meaning in sport. The problem has two aspects. One is whether sport has any meaning in itself. The other is about how sport can be a part of a meaningful life. While I touch upon the first problem, my discussion’s main thrust is about the second aspect. I start with clarifying the notion of ‘meaning’, the possible sources of meaning, and the idea of ‘leading a meaningful life’. I distinguish between two views, the existentialist notion of meaning as created and the metaphysical view that meaning is something we find. I then look at the relation between meaning and value. I argue that while value is characterized by showing an internal unity in complexity, meaning is characterized by connecting elements into a pattern with a goal. I then ask if meaning can stand on its own legs and how value can ground meaning? I then show how people can integrate sports in their lives to lead more well-balanced and meaningful lives. I end by discussing some parallels between the debate about meaning in sport and the discussion of the moral character of sport.","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"49 1","pages":"19 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41586110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2021.1993870
C. T. Nguyen
First, let me thank all my wonderful commentators, and the editors at the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport for this extraordinary opportunity. I had harbored suspicions, as I worked away on Games: Agency as Art, that I was pouring my heart out into a hopelessly niche product, borne of my own private obsessions. I am so grateful to have this bounty of interest and commentary from so many walks of philosophy. It is quite tempting, in a situation like this, to try and defend myself from every jab and criticism, but the result would be miserably compressed and spiritually impoverished. Instead, I will cover a handful of key points in detail. Much of the commentary clusters around a few topics, indicating some intellectual centers of gravity for my readers’ concerns. I will focus on these clusters; I apologize to my commentators for all the other exchanges that will fall by the wayside. The three centers of gravity I take to be:
首先，我要感谢所有出色的解说员，以及《体育哲学杂志》的编辑们给我这次难得的机会。当我致力于《Games: Agency as Art》时，我便开始怀疑自己是否将自己的全部精力投入到一款毫无希望的利基产品中。我非常感激能得到这么多哲学领域的兴趣和评论。在这种情况下，试图保护自己免受每一次抨击和批评是相当诱人的，但结果将是悲惨的压缩和精神贫乏。相反，我将详细介绍几个关键点。许多评论都集中在几个主题上，为我的读者所关注的问题指明了一些知识重心。我将重点讨论这些集群;我向我的评论员们道歉，因为所有其他的交流都将被搁置一边。我认为的三个重心是
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2021.1997348
Jon Pike
We can find the aesthetics of agency in virtually any game. is not confined to narrative, cinematic videogames, or politically serious game design, it is a kind of aesthetic experience common to sports, video games, board games, role playing games,
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2021.1981138
A. Hamzah
Feminist New Materialisms, Sport and Fitness: A Lively Entanglement explores the interaction between technology and physically active humans, with a particular focus on sport and feminist concepts....
{"title":"Feminist new materialisms, sport and fitness: a lively entanglement","authors":"A. Hamzah","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2021.1981138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2021.1981138","url":null,"abstract":"Feminist New Materialisms, Sport and Fitness: A Lively Entanglement explores the interaction between technology and physically active humans, with a particular focus on sport and feminist concepts....","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"48 1","pages":"480 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43505262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2021.1978848
Chad R Carlson
{"title":"The burden of over-representation: race, sport, and philosophy","authors":"Chad R Carlson","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2021.1978848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2021.1978848","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"48 1","pages":"476 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47743316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2021.2007775
C. Yorke
C. Thi Nguyen – the author whose new book, Games: Agency as Art, is the main provocation for co-editor John Russell and I putting together this special issue of the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport – is a singularly unique voice in the philosophy of games. Despite the fact that the bulk of Nguyen’s academic work dates back a mere five years or so ago, one hesitates to call him an emerging voice, for he has already emerged, and changed the discipline in his wake – not to mention the disciplines of aesthetics, epistemology, ethics, and the philosophy of agency. It is not mere hyperbole to claim that the rest of the academic world is currently racing to formulate calibrated responses to his oeuvre, and that this special issue of the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport constitutes a significant contribution to that effort. Nguyen is a system builder in the traditional philosophical sense, with pieces of his schema being revealed not only in his various academic articles, but also in real time on Twitter, Facebook, and various podcasts, where you might catch him wondering aloud about why it is that he never previously noticed that his work on the philosophy of games applies perfectly to an issue regarding social media currently vexing him. A good part of the popular and professional appeal of his work lies in moments exactly like this. He stays human throughout the system-building, and refuses to don the mask of the dull, po-faced analytic philosopher – his tone is humorous, real, edgy, unpretentious, and excitable. He demonstrates that one need not trade one’s philosophic voice for rigor: his work stands as proof that both of these goods are commensurable. In short, there is plenty of engaging material being thrown up in his intellectual churn, with many of his most influential publications being his most recent. I consider the following pieces to be loosely interlocking, and recommend them enthusiastically to our readership:
C. Thi Nguyen是游戏哲学中一个独特的声音，他的新书《游戏:作为艺术的代理》(Games: Agency as Art)是我和John Russell合著的《体育哲学杂志》特刊的主要灵感来源。尽管Nguyen的大部分学术工作可以追溯到大约五年前，但人们并不愿意称他为新兴声音，因为他已经崭露头角，并改变了他所追随的学科——更不用说美学、认识论、伦理学和代理哲学等学科。可以毫不夸张地说，学术界的其他部分目前正在竞相对他的作品做出准确的回应，而这期《体育哲学杂志》(Journal of the Philosophy of Sport)的特刊对这一努力做出了重大贡献。Nguyen是一位传统哲学意义上的系统构建者，他的模式不仅出现在各种学术文章中，还出现在Twitter、Facebook和各种播客中，你可能会发现他在大声思考，为什么他之前从未注意到他在游戏哲学方面的工作完全适用于目前困扰他的社交媒体问题。他的作品的大众和专业吸引力的很大一部分就在于这样的时刻。在整个系统构建过程中，他始终保持着人性，拒绝戴上沉闷、严肃的分析哲学家的面具——他的语气幽默、真实、尖锐、朴实、激动。他证明了人们不需要用哲学的声音来换取严谨:他的工作证明了这两种东西是可以比较的。简而言之，在他的思想动荡中，涌现出了大量引人入胜的材料，他最有影响力的许多出版物都是他最近出版的。我认为下面的文章是松散的相互关联，并热情地推荐给我们的读者:
{"title":"Nguyen meets his critics—Games: Agency as Art in a philosophy of sport context","authors":"C. Yorke","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2021.2007775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2021.2007775","url":null,"abstract":"C. Thi Nguyen – the author whose new book, Games: Agency as Art, is the main provocation for co-editor John Russell and I putting together this special issue of the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport – is a singularly unique voice in the philosophy of games. Despite the fact that the bulk of Nguyen’s academic work dates back a mere five years or so ago, one hesitates to call him an emerging voice, for he has already emerged, and changed the discipline in his wake – not to mention the disciplines of aesthetics, epistemology, ethics, and the philosophy of agency. It is not mere hyperbole to claim that the rest of the academic world is currently racing to formulate calibrated responses to his oeuvre, and that this special issue of the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport constitutes a significant contribution to that effort. Nguyen is a system builder in the traditional philosophical sense, with pieces of his schema being revealed not only in his various academic articles, but also in real time on Twitter, Facebook, and various podcasts, where you might catch him wondering aloud about why it is that he never previously noticed that his work on the philosophy of games applies perfectly to an issue regarding social media currently vexing him. A good part of the popular and professional appeal of his work lies in moments exactly like this. He stays human throughout the system-building, and refuses to don the mask of the dull, po-faced analytic philosopher – his tone is humorous, real, edgy, unpretentious, and excitable. He demonstrates that one need not trade one’s philosophic voice for rigor: his work stands as proof that both of these goods are commensurable. In short, there is plenty of engaging material being thrown up in his intellectual churn, with many of his most influential publications being his most recent. I consider the following pieces to be loosely interlocking, and recommend them enthusiastically to our readership:","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"48 1","pages":"311 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45465534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2021.1969241
Francisco Javier López Frías
ABSTRACT In this article, I consider Alkis Kontos’ and Allan Bäck’s critiques to Suits that his theory of games and good living lack ontological grounds or rests on the wrong foundations. Taking these critics as my point of departure (not as my critical target), I provide an analysis of the main tenets of Suits’ anthropology. This anthropology partly lays the grounds that Kontos and Bäck claim Suits’ theory lacks. I proceed as follows, I examine Suits’ early works, to which Kontos and Bäck had access, to argue that they contain an anthropology, albeit in an embryonic state. Subsequently, I examine Suits’ latter works, which remained inaccessible to Kontos and Bäck when they formulated their critiques, to identify and explain the key elements of Suits’ anthropology.
{"title":"Ants, grasshoppers, asshoppers, and crickets cohabit in Utopia: the anthropological foundations of Bernard Suits’ analyses of gameplay and good living","authors":"Francisco Javier López Frías","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2021.1969241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2021.1969241","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, I consider Alkis Kontos’ and Allan Bäck’s critiques to Suits that his theory of games and good living lack ontological grounds or rests on the wrong foundations. Taking these critics as my point of departure (not as my critical target), I provide an analysis of the main tenets of Suits’ anthropology. This anthropology partly lays the grounds that Kontos and Bäck claim Suits’ theory lacks. I proceed as follows, I examine Suits’ early works, to which Kontos and Bäck had access, to argue that they contain an anthropology, albeit in an embryonic state. Subsequently, I examine Suits’ latter works, which remained inaccessible to Kontos and Bäck when they formulated their critiques, to identify and explain the key elements of Suits’ anthropology.","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"49 1","pages":"117 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45607696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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