Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-73562021005001401
Gabriel Cabrera Becerra
El consumo de insectos o entomofagia está ampliamente extendido en el mundo. En la región del Alto Río Negro - Vaupés frontera en la Amazonia de Colombia y Brasil los pueblos indígenas sedentarios y de tradición nómada incorporan un número importante de insectos en sus dietas. Si bien este hecho se menciona en la literatura, la mayoría de los contenidos aluden a la ingesta dejando de lado las asociaciones simbólicas de la práctica y no consideran condiciones particulares de la adaptación de estos pueblos. Este estudio traza una visión comparada del uso y simbología relacionada con los insectos para dos grupos de población cuya adaptación es diferente pero se viven interactuando en la misma área cultural. Palabras claves: Amazonia, entomofagia, insectos, noroeste amazónico, abejas, hormigas, Alto Río Negro - Vaupés. Insect consumption or entomophagy is widespread throughout the world. In the Alto Río Negro-Vaupés border region of the Colombian and Brazilian Amazon region, sedentary and nomadic indigenous peoples include a significant number of insects in their diets. Although this fact has been mentioned in the literature, most of the contents refer merely to intake, leaving aside the symbolic associations of this practice and disregarding the particular conditions for the adaptation of these peoples. This study draws a comparative view of the use and symbology related to insects of two population groups, which hold differences in adaptation terms but live in interaction with each other in the same cultural area.
昆虫的消费或食虫行为在世界范围内广泛存在。在哥伦比亚和巴西亚马逊地区的Alto rio Negro - vaupes边境地区，定居和游牧传统的土著人民在饮食中加入了大量的昆虫。虽然文献中提到了这一事实，但大多数内容都提到了摄入，而忽略了实践的象征性联想，没有考虑到这些民族适应的特殊条件。本研究比较了两个适应不同但在同一文化区域相互作用的种群的昆虫使用和符号。关键词:亚马逊，食虫，昆虫，亚马逊西北部，蜜蜂，蚂蚁，上黑河- vaupe。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(0.964平方公里)水。在哥伦比亚和巴西亚马逊地区的Alto rio negro - vaupes边境地区，定居和游牧的土著民族的饮食中有大量昆虫。虽然在文献中已经提到这一事实，但大多数内容仅仅是指摄入，而忽略了这种做法的象征联系，并忽略了这些民族适应的特殊条件。本研究对两个种群的昆虫的使用和符号学进行了比较，这两个种群在适应条件上有所不同，但在同一文化区域内相互作用。
{"title":"LOS INDÍGENAS DE LA AMAZONIA Y LOS INSECTOS. UNA VISIÓN COMPARADA ENTRE PUEBLOS SEDENTARIOS Y NÓMADAS DEL ALTO RÍO NEGRO - VAUPÉS","authors":"Gabriel Cabrera Becerra","doi":"10.4067/S0717-73562021005001401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-73562021005001401","url":null,"abstract":"El consumo de insectos o entomofagia está ampliamente extendido en el mundo. En la región del Alto Río Negro - Vaupés frontera en la Amazonia de Colombia y Brasil los pueblos indígenas sedentarios y de tradición nómada incorporan un número importante de insectos en sus dietas. Si bien este hecho se menciona en la literatura, la mayoría de los contenidos aluden a la ingesta dejando de lado las asociaciones simbólicas de la práctica y no consideran condiciones particulares de la adaptación de estos pueblos. Este estudio traza una visión comparada del uso y simbología relacionada con los insectos para dos grupos de población cuya adaptación es diferente pero se viven interactuando en la misma área cultural. Palabras claves: Amazonia, entomofagia, insectos, noroeste amazónico, abejas, hormigas, Alto Río Negro - Vaupés. Insect consumption or entomophagy is widespread throughout the world. In the Alto Río Negro-Vaupés border region of the Colombian and Brazilian Amazon region, sedentary and nomadic indigenous peoples include a significant number of insects in their diets. Although this fact has been mentioned in the literature, most of the contents refer merely to intake, leaving aside the symbolic associations of this practice and disregarding the particular conditions for the adaptation of these peoples. This study draws a comparative view of the use and symbology related to insects of two population groups, which hold differences in adaptation terms but live in interaction with each other in the same cultural area.","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90037698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-73562020005001801
Cecilia Sanhueza, José Berenguer, Carlos González, Cristians González, J. R. Cortes, Sergio Martín, Jimena Cruz
{"title":"SAYWAS Y GEOGRAFÍA SAGRADA EN EL QHAPAQ ÑAN DEL DESPOBLADO DE ATACAMA","authors":"Cecilia Sanhueza, José Berenguer, Carlos González, Cristians González, J. R. Cortes, Sergio Martín, Jimena Cruz","doi":"10.4067/s0717-73562020005001801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005001801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83660601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.4067/S0717-73562008000300006
K. Fitzsimmons, M. Telfer
Stabilized sand deposits from arid regions are often used as palaeoenvironmental proxies for past periods of enhanced aeolian activity. Although widespread use of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques has opened up the possibility of systematic analyses of dune building chronologies, palaeoenvironmental histories cannot be reconstructed from chronological data alone. The reconstruction of regional palaeoenvironmental histories should consider all available evidence - stratigraphic, sedimentological and micromorphological, and chronological. This paper highlights potential issues with the interpretation of dune records in the context of stratigraphic preservation, using examples from the Tirari Desert in Australia and the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa. Sedimentological characterisation of linear dunes in the Tirari Desert demonstrates that reworking of underlying dune sediments and buried soils is common, thereby calling into question simplistic interpretations of dune formation involving sequential deposition and pedogenesis. This case study highlights the limitation of the augering technique, although useful information can be gained nonetheless. Three OSL age estimates confirm the presence of at least two Holocene dune building episodes, but cannot constrain the timing of the onset of dune building. Higher frequency sampling and micromorphological analyses may further elucidate the palaeoenvironmental history of individual dunes. In the Southwestern Kalahari, interdune sediments have been described as the least sensitive part of the aeolian landscape, thus offering the potential for longer records of aeolian deposition. This is found not to be the case at Witpan, where interdune sands are extensively mixed and probably younger than the linear dune cores. The lunette at Witpan records numerous short-lived and rapid deflationary events from the nearby pan (playa). These are considered to reflect changes in sediment source rather than pedogenesis. These examples highlight the value of combining micromorphological, sedimentological and chronological studies for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.
{"title":"SEDIMENTARY HISTORY AND THE INTERPRETATION OF LATE QUATERNARY DUNE RECORDS: EXAMPLES FROM THE TIRARI DESERT, AUSTRALIA AND THE KALAHARI, SOUTH ÁFRICA","authors":"K. Fitzsimmons, M. Telfer","doi":"10.4067/S0717-73562008000300006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-73562008000300006","url":null,"abstract":"Stabilized sand deposits from arid regions are often used as palaeoenvironmental proxies for past periods of enhanced aeolian activity. Although widespread use of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques has opened up the possibility of systematic analyses of dune building chronologies, palaeoenvironmental histories cannot be reconstructed from chronological data alone. The reconstruction of regional palaeoenvironmental histories should consider all available evidence - stratigraphic, sedimentological and micromorphological, and chronological. This paper highlights potential issues with the interpretation of dune records in the context of stratigraphic preservation, using examples from the Tirari Desert in Australia and the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa. Sedimentological characterisation of linear dunes in the Tirari Desert demonstrates that reworking of underlying dune sediments and buried soils is common, thereby calling into question simplistic interpretations of dune formation involving sequential deposition and pedogenesis. This case study highlights the limitation of the augering technique, although useful information can be gained nonetheless. Three OSL age estimates confirm the presence of at least two Holocene dune building episodes, but cannot constrain the timing of the onset of dune building. Higher frequency sampling and micromorphological analyses may further elucidate the palaeoenvironmental history of individual dunes. In the Southwestern Kalahari, interdune sediments have been described as the least sensitive part of the aeolian landscape, thus offering the potential for longer records of aeolian deposition. This is found not to be the case at Witpan, where interdune sands are extensively mixed and probably younger than the linear dune cores. The lunette at Witpan records numerous short-lived and rapid deflationary events from the nearby pan (playa). These are considered to reflect changes in sediment source rather than pedogenesis. These examples highlight the value of combining micromorphological, sedimentological and chronological studies for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78648083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.4067/S0717-73562008000300005
June Ross, R. DanielaValenzuela, M. H. Llosas, Luis Briones, Calogero M. Santoro
Se presentan tres estudios regionales en ambientes aridos del hemisferio sur: centro noroeste de Queensland en Australia, valle de Lluta en el norte de Chile y Quebrada de Humahuaca en el Noroeste Argentino. A partir del analisis de los vinculos contextuales entre el arte rupestre y aspectos fisicos, sociales y cronologicos de su produccion, se explican los modos en que la produccion del arte se articula con diferentes estrategias sociales. Aunque los casos de estudio revelan consistencias en el empleo del arte rupestre en ambientes aridos, asimismo exhiben variaciones regionales en tecnica y funcion. En cada una de las regiones deserticas estudiadas, las condiciones ambientales restrictivas y la competencia por recursos fue un factor influyente en la produccion del arte. Los artifices usaron el arte rupestre como una poderosa herramienta para conseguir y asegurar resultados sociales y economicos concretos, cuya variabilidad en las diferentes regiones obedecio a la disponibilidad de materias primas, condiciones topograficas y ambientales, preferencias culturales especificas a cada grupo, asi como a los usos especificos del arte rupestre. En el centro noroeste de Queensland, el arte rupestre fue empleado, en diferentes niveles, en estrategias de negociacion de identidad y pertenencia al grupo. Mientras que en el valle de Lluta, los geoglifos materializaron aspiraciones sociales, politicas y economicas de grupos de tierras altas orientadas a legitimar el acceso, mediante el trafico de caravanas, a los recursos costeros. En la Quebrada de Humahuaca, la creciente competenciapor recursos condujo a la produccion de diferentes conjuntos de arte rupestre parparte de pastores, cuyo rol radico en la marcacion de territorios de pastoreo, eventos conmemorativos y, principalmente, como parte de la vida ritual de los pastores.
本文介绍了在南半球干旱环境下的三个区域研究:澳大利亚昆士兰中部西北部、智利北部卢塔山谷和阿根廷西北部的Quebrada de Humahuaca。通过对岩石艺术与岩石艺术生产的物理、社会和时间方面的语境联系的分析，解释了岩石艺术生产与不同的社会策略之间的联系。虽然这些案例研究显示了在干旱环境中使用岩石艺术的一致性，但它们也显示了在技术和功能上的地区差异。在研究的每个沙漠地区，限制性的环境条件和资源竞争是艺术生产的一个影响因素。使用artifices艺术作为一个强大的工具来实现和确保社会和具体的钱,结果其可变性不同区域obedecio原材料供应、topograficas条件和环境,每一组具体的文化偏好,就是使用especificos石刻艺术。在昆士兰州的中西北部，岩石艺术在不同程度上被用于身份和群体成员的谈判策略。在卢塔山谷，地图学实现了高地群体的社会、政治和经济愿望，目的是使通过商队运输获得沿海资源的途径合法化。在Quebrada de Humahuaca，对资源的日益激烈的竞争导致了牧民制作不同的岩石艺术，他们在标记放牧领土、纪念活动和主要作为牧民仪式生活的一部分方面发挥了重要作用。
{"title":"MORE THAN THE MOTIFS: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ROCK ART IN ARID REGIONS OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE","authors":"June Ross, R. DanielaValenzuela, M. H. Llosas, Luis Briones, Calogero M. Santoro","doi":"10.4067/S0717-73562008000300005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-73562008000300005","url":null,"abstract":"Se presentan tres estudios regionales en ambientes aridos del hemisferio sur: centro noroeste de Queensland en Australia, valle de Lluta en el norte de Chile y Quebrada de Humahuaca en el Noroeste Argentino. A partir del analisis de los vinculos contextuales entre el arte rupestre y aspectos fisicos, sociales y cronologicos de su produccion, se explican los modos en que la produccion del arte se articula con diferentes estrategias sociales. Aunque los casos de estudio revelan consistencias en el empleo del arte rupestre en ambientes aridos, asimismo exhiben variaciones regionales en tecnica y funcion. En cada una de las regiones deserticas estudiadas, las condiciones ambientales restrictivas y la competencia por recursos fue un factor influyente en la produccion del arte. Los artifices usaron el arte rupestre como una poderosa herramienta para conseguir y asegurar resultados sociales y economicos concretos, cuya variabilidad en las diferentes regiones obedecio a la disponibilidad de materias primas, condiciones topograficas y ambientales, preferencias culturales especificas a cada grupo, asi como a los usos especificos del arte rupestre. En el centro noroeste de Queensland, el arte rupestre fue empleado, en diferentes niveles, en estrategias de negociacion de identidad y pertenencia al grupo. Mientras que en el valle de Lluta, los geoglifos materializaron aspiraciones sociales, politicas y economicas de grupos de tierras altas orientadas a legitimar el acceso, mediante el trafico de caravanas, a los recursos costeros. En la Quebrada de Humahuaca, la creciente competenciapor recursos condujo a la produccion de diferentes conjuntos de arte rupestre parparte de pastores, cuyo rol radico en la marcacion de territorios de pastoreo, eventos conmemorativos y, principalmente, como parte de la vida ritual de los pastores.","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78958897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.4067/S0717-73562004000100002
Lautaro Núñez, Oscar Espoueys, Mario Orellana, Luis Briones, Mario A. Rivera, E. Vásquez, E. Belmonte, Patricia Arévalo, V. Briones, Calogero M. Santoro
{"title":"Homenaje a don Luis Álvarez Miranda","authors":"Lautaro Núñez, Oscar Espoueys, Mario Orellana, Luis Briones, Mario A. Rivera, E. Vásquez, E. Belmonte, Patricia Arévalo, V. Briones, Calogero M. Santoro","doi":"10.4067/S0717-73562004000100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-73562004000100002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72746576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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