Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2020.12106478
X. Mai
This article discusses the concept of resilience and its theoretical contributions to urban geography After a review of the evolution of resilience in studies of engineering, ecology and social sciences, the article outlines the potential contributions of resilience with regard to related concepts such as stability, competitiveness and sustainability It highlights that resilience thinking challenges the conventional mentality of planning and recognises the ubiquity of change and potential for novelty for the reconfiguration of urban spaces By revealing how particular cities or regions have responded to challenges, and how such challenges have reshaped and impacted upon the long-term development of that place, this article argues the potential of resilience to become integral to development studies and geographical research Resilience studies pay greater attention to local-specific factors that enable places to deal with uncertainties, risks and unpredictable shocks Brief insights into examples of urban resilience remind us of the necessity of accommodating turbulence and the role of place and context in better understanding urban resilience
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Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2020.12106476
W. Whalley
In this article an overview is made of the subject content of A level 2016 specifications of physical geography by contextualising physical geography and by examining the concept of ‘powerful geogra...
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Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2020.12106477
J. Huckle
Students, subject and society: the three factors shaping the aims, content and pedagogy of school geography However, the needs of students and society are contested, as are the content and modes of enquiry of geography Here, Huckle discusses the theory and practice of critical school geography
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Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2020.12106473
G. Kearns
: The activism around ‘Black Lives Matter’ following the killing of George Floyd on 25 May 2020 in Minneapolis, USA, has brought further attention to the racism inscribed into the space and...
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Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2020.12106475
A. Standish
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Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2020.12106474
S. Puttick, A. Murrey
School geography in England has been largely silent on issues around race, which stands in contrast to important strands of thought in the discipline. In this intervention, we explore two influentia...
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Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2020.12106472
S. Carr
In what is (hopefully) the first of many editorials as a member of the Geography Editorial Collective, I feel I have plunged into the (very) deep end of a swimming pool. Who would have realised jus...
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Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0221
T. Tuvikene
“Comparative urbanism” refers to research that acknowledges the diversity of urban experiences, avoids assumptions of theoretical best fits prior to any investigation, and develops knowledge through close engagement with the diverse empirical reality. Comparative urbanism is a topic long in the making, but also rapidly emerging since the early 2000s. Led by urban studies journals such as Urban Geography and the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, with multiple special issues on the theme, the line of research has aimed to expand the horizons of thinking on cities. Writing against a Euro-American mainstream that focuses on a limited number of major American or European cities for conceptualization and theory-making, through work by authors such as Jennifer Robinson, Ananya Roy, Colin McFarlane, and others, comparative urbanism proposes to take every city as potentially useful for theorization. Embarking from foundational works by scholars such as Charles Tilly, Janet Abu-Lughod, or Charles Pickvance, comparative urbanism tackles the existing perspectives and expands the urban theorization and empirical learning base beyond the Global North. Hence, many of the proponents of comparative urbanism have their roots in existing area studies. On the one hand, comparative urbanism is a caution for area-based studies to avoid being boxed into narrow scholarly niches. On the other hand, comparative urbanism has enabled a louder voice for area studies scholars, providing them with a more cutting-edge position in the field. Nevertheless, the target of comparative urbanism is not simply to put cities “off the map” on the map (and “back” on the map), but to revise the direction of theory-making and the conceptual development. Namely, instead of seeing theories emerging in abstract, the theorization always involves thinking from concrete cases. Mostly, however, those concrete examples at the center of such conceptual advances have been London, Chicago, or Los Angeles, instead of Johannesburg, Moscow, Mumbai, Tallinn, or Bafatá. Comparative urbanism, then, argues to switch the perspective, which does not simply expand the scope of empirical material, but also enlarges the set of questions to be asked, insights provided, and conceptualizations raised. Thus, a revised urban studies offered by comparative urbanism scholarship entails shifts in ways of doing research, and particularly the ways of comparative analysis. Instead of simply building from preexisting theory toward cases, more innovative methods of research should be envisioned. That includes unexpected comparisons of cases considered previously incommensurable or comparisons that invent new ways of narrating understandings of cities and urban processes. Such a challenge toward the taken-for-granted practices of research has not taken place uncontested, but has rather invited critiques from those defending existing conceptual frameworks, theory-making, and verification practices. Neverthel
“比较城市主义”是指承认城市经验的多样性,在任何调查之前避免理论上的最佳拟合假设,并通过密切接触不同的经验现实来发展知识的研究。比较城市化是一个酝酿已久的话题,但自21世纪初以来也迅速出现。在《城市地理》和《国际城市与区域研究杂志》等城市研究期刊的领导下,该研究系列以多期特刊为主题,旨在拓展对城市的思考视野。通过詹妮弗·罗宾逊(Jennifer Robinson)、阿南娅·罗伊(Ananya Roy)、科林·麦克法兰(Colin McFarlane。从查尔斯·蒂利(Charles Tilly)、珍妮特·阿布·卢霍德(Janet Abu Lughod)或查尔斯·皮克万斯(Charles Pickvance。因此,许多比较城市主义的支持者都植根于现有的区域研究。一方面,比较城市主义是对基于区域的研究的警告,以避免被局限在狭窄的学术领域。另一方面,比较城市主义为区域研究学者发出了更大的声音,为他们在该领域提供了更前沿的地位。然而,比较城市主义的目标并不是简单地将城市“从地图上移开”(并“回到”地图上),而是修正理论制定和概念发展的方向。也就是说,理论化总是从具体的案例中思考,而不是看到抽象的理论。然而,大多数情况下,处于这种概念进步中心的具体例子是伦敦、芝加哥或洛杉矶,而不是约翰内斯堡、莫斯科、孟买、塔林或巴法塔。因此,比较城市主义主张转换视角,这不仅扩大了实证材料的范围,还扩大了要问的一系列问题、提供的见解和提出的概念。因此,由比较城市主义奖学金提供的修订后的城市研究涉及研究方式的转变,尤其是比较分析的方式。与其简单地从已有的理论构建到案例,不如设想更具创新性的研究方法。这包括对以前被认为不可通约的案例的意外比较,或者发明了新的方式来讲述对城市和城市进程的理解的比较。这种对理所当然的研究实践的挑战并非毫无争议,而是招致了那些为现有概念框架、理论制定和验证实践辩护的人的批评。尽管如此,比较城市主义的建议已经在城市研究中找到了一席之地,并越来越多地受到新理论启发的经验见解和概念修正。
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Pub Date : 2020-08-26DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0220
Tim Jackson
From the micro-geographies of specific diplomatic sites to the global imaginations of world politics that inform diplomatic relations, diplomacy has countless spatial dimensions. In recent years, scholars from various disciplines, including geography and International Relations (IR), have begun the task of critically engaging with geographical questions that diplomacy raises. At the core of this endeavor is foregrounding the often overlooked significance of space in diplomatic practice. At a micro-scale, diplomacy is comprised of a collection of activities and materials that are necessarily located somewhere in space. These specific “sites” of diplomacy have their own spatial organization—from the seating plan of a state dinner to the offices and corridors of embassies and foreign ministries—and these locations are shaped by their unique micro-geographies. The spatial dynamics of both spectacular and mundane diplomatic sites have led scholars to draw on the core geographical concept of “place” in analyzing diplomatic practice. Location has an emotional and affective agency that influences our perception of events; decisions as to where diplomacy takes place are as significant as the diplomatic actions themselves. Beyond specific sites, scholars have also considered how diplomacy plays a much wider role in the spatialization of world politics. First, diplomacy is an act closely associated with the functionality of the state. Performing the capacity to represent a polity through engagement with external actors is a legitimacy-building process and a key tool of statecraft. Second, the act of diplomacy also has transformative potential. Encounters between states that take place in diplomatic settings can mediate disputes, ignite arguments, and generally reshape how relations between actors are imagined. Research into the geographies of diplomacy benefits from a great breadth of perspectives. At a time when technological innovation and forces of globalization have given rise to “new” diplomatic actors and practices, multiple disciplinary perspectives have highlighted the changing spatial dynamics of diplomacy. In particular, innovative theoretical and methodological approaches have been developed to study alternative diplomatic actors both “above” and “below” the state. This challenge to traditional notions of who and what might be considered as diplomatic actors suggests that scholarly work on the geographies of diplomacy sits at the forefront of engagement with the rapidly changing terrain of contemporary diplomatic practice. The works included in this bibliography were selected to reflect current trends in this vibrant and rapidly evolving subfield. They are, however, only a sample of the wider work associated with the geographies of diplomacy and should be seen as a starting point for engagement with the literature.
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Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.1080/00167487.2020.12094092
Cécile Coudrin
This article argues that, because of their function, their position and their size, middle-sized cities can shed new light on the dimensions and temporalities of the global financial crisis (GFC). ...
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