Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.1163/15691330-123415456
M. Sasaki
Professor Ronald Inglehart passed away on May 8, 2021 in Ann Arbor, Michigan at the age of 86. He was born on September 5, 1934 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and obtained his Ph.D. in 1967 from University of Chicago. He was an editorial board member of Comparative Sociology since this journal began in 2002, when I was its founding editor. Professor Inglehart was a genuine, kind, and warm person. He was indisputably one of the world’s most renowned comparative political scientists and sociologists. He was a professor of political science and program director at the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan. He has been a visiting professor in France, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, and Nigeria. Professor Inglehart helped found the Euro-Barometer surveys and directed the World Values Surveys. His research examined changing belief systems and their impact on society and politics. He received the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science in 2011 and was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Professor Inglehart’s major books, translated into many languages, include: The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics (1977); Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society (1990); Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies (1997); Cultural Evolution: Peoples’ Motivations are Changing, and Tranforming the World (2018); and Religion’s Sudden Decline: What’s Causing It, and What Comes Next? (2021). He authored, co-authored, and edited over 20 books and authored and co-authored more than 230 articles. Several of his articles were published in Comparative Sociology: “Introduction to this issue [a special issue on findings from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey],” volume 1 (2002); (with Pippa Norris) “Islamic culture and democracy: Testing the clash of civilizations thesis,” volume 1 (2002); (with Pippa Norris and Christian Welzel) “Gender equality and democracy,” volume 1 (2002); and “Mapping global values,” volume 5 (2006). According to Google Scholar, “Mapping global values” and “Islamic culture and democracy” are among the ten most cited articles ever published in Comparative Sociology.
{"title":"In Memoriam: Ronald Inglehart","authors":"M. Sasaki","doi":"10.1163/15691330-123415456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-123415456","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Ronald Inglehart passed away on May 8, 2021 in Ann Arbor, Michigan at the age of 86. He was born on September 5, 1934 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and obtained his Ph.D. in 1967 from University of Chicago. He was an editorial board member of Comparative Sociology since this journal began in 2002, when I was its founding editor. Professor Inglehart was a genuine, kind, and warm person. He was indisputably one of the world’s most renowned comparative political scientists and sociologists. He was a professor of political science and program director at the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan. He has been a visiting professor in France, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, and Nigeria. Professor Inglehart helped found the Euro-Barometer surveys and directed the World Values Surveys. His research examined changing belief systems and their impact on society and politics. He received the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science in 2011 and was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Professor Inglehart’s major books, translated into many languages, include: The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics (1977); Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society (1990); Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies (1997); Cultural Evolution: Peoples’ Motivations are Changing, and Tranforming the World (2018); and Religion’s Sudden Decline: What’s Causing It, and What Comes Next? (2021). He authored, co-authored, and edited over 20 books and authored and co-authored more than 230 articles. Several of his articles were published in Comparative Sociology: “Introduction to this issue [a special issue on findings from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey],” volume 1 (2002); (with Pippa Norris) “Islamic culture and democracy: Testing the clash of civilizations thesis,” volume 1 (2002); (with Pippa Norris and Christian Welzel) “Gender equality and democracy,” volume 1 (2002); and “Mapping global values,” volume 5 (2006). According to Google Scholar, “Mapping global values” and “Islamic culture and democracy” are among the ten most cited articles ever published in Comparative Sociology.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49609038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1163/15691330-12341545
M. Sasaki
In trust research, the relation between personal use of media, such as television viewing and Internet use, and trust has been extensively discussed. The association of heavy television viewing and Internet use with mistrust remains a source of heated debate. Putnam stated that, “America’s social capital was in a state of long-term decline, and the main culprit in its demise was the rise of television.” He also pointed out that another principal villain in the decline might be the Internet. While some studies indicate that Internet use may enhance large social networks and contribute to higher levels of generalized trust, others suggest the contrary. This study aims to contribute to this debate. Eight research questions were identified, studied, and reported on. The data were collected based on nationwide general social surveys on attitudes. Results, using multiple correspondence analysis, show clear differences in the media use of trusting and mistrusting persons.
{"title":"Trust and Media Use in Everyday Life in Japan","authors":"M. Sasaki","doi":"10.1163/15691330-12341545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341545","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In trust research, the relation between personal use of media, such as television viewing and Internet use, and trust has been extensively discussed. The association of heavy television viewing and Internet use with mistrust remains a source of heated debate. Putnam stated that, “America’s social capital was in a state of long-term decline, and the main culprit in its demise was the rise of television.” He also pointed out that another principal villain in the decline might be the Internet. While some studies indicate that Internet use may enhance large social networks and contribute to higher levels of generalized trust, others suggest the contrary. This study aims to contribute to this debate. Eight research questions were identified, studied, and reported on. The data were collected based on nationwide general social surveys on attitudes. Results, using multiple correspondence analysis, show clear differences in the media use of trusting and mistrusting persons.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47899719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10049
M. Minkov, A. Kaasa, Plamen Akaliyski, Michael Schachner
Suicide is a major cause of death in Central and Northeast Europe and Northeast Asia. The literature on this geographic pattern has not reached consensus. The authors propose an analysis of the view that national culture may be a risk factor. They use measures of culture from a quasi-nationally representative 2015–2016 database, with over 50,000 respondents from 53 countries, and WHO suicide data for 2016. A correlation analysis across items reveals four cultural features of countries with high suicide rates (r with suicide rates > .40): parents are less likely to socialize children for helping, sharing money, forgiving offenses, and expressing feelings. These four items yield a single “harshness” factor (r with national suicide rates = .69). Measures of self-construals reveal that people in countries with high suicide rates are less helpful, generous, and forgiving, have less interest in others, lower personal stability, poorer mood, lower self-esteem and self-confidence, and use less deliberation before important decisions (r with suicide rates > .40). These items yield another “harsh culture” factor, strongly correlated with the previous. Harsh culture, alcoholism rates, climatic harshness, and social hardship (short life expectancy plus child and maternal mortality), explain 71 percent of the national variation in suicide.
{"title":"A “Harsh” Culture, Alcoholism, Climate, and Social Hardship Explain National Differences in Suicide Rates","authors":"M. Minkov, A. Kaasa, Plamen Akaliyski, Michael Schachner","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Suicide is a major cause of death in Central and Northeast Europe and Northeast Asia. The literature on this geographic pattern has not reached consensus. The authors propose an analysis of the view that national culture may be a risk factor. They use measures of culture from a quasi-nationally representative 2015–2016 database, with over 50,000 respondents from 53 countries, and WHO suicide data for 2016. A correlation analysis across items reveals four cultural features of countries with high suicide rates (r with suicide rates > .40): parents are less likely to socialize children for helping, sharing money, forgiving offenses, and expressing feelings. These four items yield a single “harshness” factor (r with national suicide rates = .69). Measures of self-construals reveal that people in countries with high suicide rates are less helpful, generous, and forgiving, have less interest in others, lower personal stability, poorer mood, lower self-esteem and self-confidence, and use less deliberation before important decisions (r with suicide rates > .40). These items yield another “harsh culture” factor, strongly correlated with the previous. Harsh culture, alcoholism rates, climatic harshness, and social hardship (short life expectancy plus child and maternal mortality), explain 71 percent of the national variation in suicide.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44679257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10048
J. Dixon
Are “neoliberal” policies/institutions related to concomitant beliefs and values worldwide? While disputing the term “neoliberal,” theories of economic freedom expect such policies/institutions to promote what the author here calls “perceived freedom” and should theoretically be related to people’s “free market” values. Theories of neoliberalism equivocate on this question, but class-based strands of them anticipate class divisions in these beliefs and values. Using “economic freedom” indices to proxy the policy/institutional dimension of economic freedom and neoliberalism alike, this study tests these and other hypotheses through multilevel modeling analyses of the sixth wave of World Values Survey data from 55 diverse countries/territories. Economic freedom indices are not significantly related to average perceived freedom in the main. Economic freedom indices are positively related to some free market values, but less robustly so after controls. People who identify as upper/upper-middle class perceive greater freedom and support free market values more than their counterparts. Implications are discussed.
{"title":"Where are the Neoliberals?","authors":"J. Dixon","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10048","url":null,"abstract":"Are “neoliberal” policies/institutions related to concomitant beliefs and values worldwide? While disputing the term “neoliberal,” theories of economic freedom expect such policies/institutions to promote what the author here calls “perceived freedom” and should theoretically be related to people’s “free market” values. Theories of neoliberalism equivocate on this question, but class-based strands of them anticipate class divisions in these beliefs and values. Using “economic freedom” indices to proxy the policy/institutional dimension of economic freedom and neoliberalism alike, this study tests these and other hypotheses through multilevel modeling analyses of the sixth wave of World Values Survey data from 55 diverse countries/territories. Economic freedom indices are not significantly related to average perceived freedom in the main. Economic freedom indices are positively related to some free market values, but less robustly so after controls. People who identify as upper/upper-middle class perceive greater freedom and support free market values more than their counterparts. Implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45049667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10047
Nikos Fokas, Gábor Jelenfi, R. Tardos
This article studies national-ethnic images and cultural distances utilizing contemporary network methodology. The conceptual framework related to cognitive maps of perceived in-group and out-group stereotypes builds on an extended application of the catnet concept introduced by Harrison White. Employing an adapted version of the classical comparative approach by Buchanan and Cantril, the survey took place online in 2016/17, in a joint project with Greek and Hungarian samples. The analyses build on a two-mode network approach of attributes attached to these two, and four other nationalities, highlighting emotional and competence dimensions and skills/knowledge styles in an attribute/nation perspective. The impact of recent crises is also treated by contrasting the cognitive maps of various segments of the Greek and Hungarian populations.
{"title":"Mapping Cultural Distances in a Catnet Approach","authors":"Nikos Fokas, Gábor Jelenfi, R. Tardos","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article studies national-ethnic images and cultural distances utilizing contemporary network methodology. The conceptual framework related to cognitive maps of perceived in-group and out-group stereotypes builds on an extended application of the catnet concept introduced by Harrison White. Employing an adapted version of the classical comparative approach by Buchanan and Cantril, the survey took place online in 2016/17, in a joint project with Greek and Hungarian samples. The analyses build on a two-mode network approach of attributes attached to these two, and four other nationalities, highlighting emotional and competence dimensions and skills/knowledge styles in an attribute/nation perspective. The impact of recent crises is also treated by contrasting the cognitive maps of various segments of the Greek and Hungarian populations.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42102505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10050
Andrey Korotayev, I. Medvedev, J. Zinkina
This article offers a comparison of sociopolitical instability forecasting systems. It compares systematically their efficiency by correlating their predictions for particular years with actual levels of destabilization in the respective years. It is demonstrated that the predictive capacity of those systems dropped dramatically after 2011. This is shown to be connected with the fact that the Arab Spring in 2011 acted as a trigger for a global phase transition, resulting in the World System making a transition to a qualitatively new phase, with the emergence of new patterns that are not taken into account by forecasting systems developed before its beginning.
{"title":"Global Systems for Sociopolitical Instability Forecasting and Their Efficiency","authors":"Andrey Korotayev, I. Medvedev, J. Zinkina","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article offers a comparison of sociopolitical instability forecasting systems. It compares systematically their efficiency by correlating their predictions for particular years with actual levels of destabilization in the respective years. It is demonstrated that the predictive capacity of those systems dropped dramatically after 2011. This is shown to be connected with the fact that the Arab Spring in 2011 acted as a trigger for a global phase transition, resulting in the World System making a transition to a qualitatively new phase, with the emergence of new patterns that are not taken into account by forecasting systems developed before its beginning.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41555904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10043
H. Khondker
By comparing the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Tiger economies, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore, this article examines the advantages and limitations of the statist command and control approaches to crisis management. Local, regional, and global politics as well as global political economy impinge and influence the state response. The article argues that a combination of factors – the institutional memory, overall state capacity and efficacy rooted in the preexisting institutional nexus, performance legitimacy, trust, reliance on scientific rationality, and integration with global scientific networks – stood in good stead in dealing with the crisis. Yet, as the crisis rolled on, some of the stellar performers showed considerable gaps in planning and politics trumped sensible policies. Despite the commonality, the article shows that there were important differences in the responses of the three Tiger economies, especially in rolling out the vaccines, which can be explained not only by the state capacity but also the larger global politico-economic contexts. The article argues that the state capacity is affected by the global dynamics, the specificity of geopolitical and historical contexts, which must be factored in in explaining successes and failures of state responses.
{"title":"State and COVID-19 Response in the Asian Tiger Economies","authors":"H. Khondker","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10043","url":null,"abstract":"By comparing the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Tiger economies, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore, this article examines the advantages and limitations of the statist command and control approaches to crisis management. Local, regional, and global politics as well as global political economy impinge and influence the state response. The article argues that a combination of factors – the institutional memory, overall state capacity and efficacy rooted in the preexisting institutional nexus, performance legitimacy, trust, reliance on scientific rationality, and integration with global scientific networks – stood in good stead in dealing with the crisis. Yet, as the crisis rolled on, some of the stellar performers showed considerable gaps in planning and politics trumped sensible policies. Despite the commonality, the article shows that there were important differences in the responses of the three Tiger economies, especially in rolling out the vaccines, which can be explained not only by the state capacity but also the larger global politico-economic contexts. The article argues that the state capacity is affected by the global dynamics, the specificity of geopolitical and historical contexts, which must be factored in in explaining successes and failures of state responses.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48953495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10046
Tim Goedemé, Marii Paskov, David Weisstanner, B. Nolan
This article studies earnings inequality between social classes across 30 European countries. Class inequality in earnings is found across the board although there are some exceptions. However, the degree of class inequality varies strongly across countries being larger in Western and Southern European countries and smaller in Eastern and Northern European countries. Furthermore, we find that differences in class composition in terms of observed characteristics associated with earnings account for a substantial proportion of these between-class differences. Differences between classes in the returns to education and other characteristics play less of a role. In all these respects there is a sizeable cross-national variation. This points to important differences between countries in how earnings are structured by social class.
{"title":"Between-Class Earnings Inequality in 30 European Countries","authors":"Tim Goedemé, Marii Paskov, David Weisstanner, B. Nolan","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article studies earnings inequality between social classes across 30 European countries. Class inequality in earnings is found across the board although there are some exceptions. However, the degree of class inequality varies strongly across countries being larger in Western and Southern European countries and smaller in Eastern and Northern European countries. Furthermore, we find that differences in class composition in terms of observed characteristics associated with earnings account for a substantial proportion of these between-class differences. Differences between classes in the returns to education and other characteristics play less of a role. In all these respects there is a sizeable cross-national variation. This points to important differences between countries in how earnings are structured by social class.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47716828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10044
Shimreisa Chahongnao
This study analyses the issue of legitimacy that unfolds to understand the authority claims of traditional leaders underpinned by customary law in contrast to modern law and legislations in the democracies of two erstwhile British colonies: South Africa and the Tangkhul Nagas of India and Myanmar. The study enquires: if the warrant of modern and traditional law, the fulcrum of traditional leaders’ legitimacy, is questioned in the democratic dispensation, what is the underlying basis of legitimacy that makes traditional leaders resilient? It employs historical, cultural and linguistic analysis to understand how traditional leaders mediate legitimacy. It concludes that cultural cognitive categories like metaphors and aphorisms are instrumental in leveraging the legitimacy claims of traditional leaders across countries.
{"title":"The Legitimacy of Traditional Leaders in Democracies","authors":"Shimreisa Chahongnao","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study analyses the issue of legitimacy that unfolds to understand the authority claims of traditional leaders underpinned by customary law in contrast to modern law and legislations in the democracies of two erstwhile British colonies: South Africa and the Tangkhul Nagas of India and Myanmar. The study enquires: if the warrant of modern and traditional law, the fulcrum of traditional leaders’ legitimacy, is questioned in the democratic dispensation, what is the underlying basis of legitimacy that makes traditional leaders resilient? It employs historical, cultural and linguistic analysis to understand how traditional leaders mediate legitimacy. It concludes that cultural cognitive categories like metaphors and aphorisms are instrumental in leveraging the legitimacy claims of traditional leaders across countries.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49345724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10045
Mohammed Abdel Karim Al Hourani
Almost all nations are struggling to slow down the transmission of Covid-19 by restricting large gatherings and close social interactions. However, it is not expected that people will stop all social gatherings and interactions voluntarily. This situation requires the construction of a new social reality that compels people to abandon their traditional practices, particularly in countries such as Jordan that have a traditional social order and strong bonding social capital. Nevertheless, Jordan had the lowest rates of Covid-19 in the Middle East during the first four months of the pandemic, because its government used its power to impose restrictions and new regulations. However, the situation has become one of the worst cases in the entire world after the government eased its restrictions. The example of Jordan provides strong evidence that the social construction of reality sometimes requires coercive intervention. Thus, this article reconsiders and extends Berger and Luckmann’s theory of social construction by examining it in the realm of social power. The theory includes three significant processes of social construction: externalization, objectivation, and internalization that should consider the concept of social power to extend the range of its powerful explanation.
{"title":"Covid-19 and the Social Construction of Reality in Jordan","authors":"Mohammed Abdel Karim Al Hourani","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Almost all nations are struggling to slow down the transmission of Covid-19 by restricting large gatherings and close social interactions. However, it is not expected that people will stop all social gatherings and interactions voluntarily. This situation requires the construction of a new social reality that compels people to abandon their traditional practices, particularly in countries such as Jordan that have a traditional social order and strong bonding social capital. Nevertheless, Jordan had the lowest rates of Covid-19 in the Middle East during the first four months of the pandemic, because its government used its power to impose restrictions and new regulations. However, the situation has become one of the worst cases in the entire world after the government eased its restrictions. The example of Jordan provides strong evidence that the social construction of reality sometimes requires coercive intervention. Thus, this article reconsiders and extends Berger and Luckmann’s theory of social construction by examining it in the realm of social power. The theory includes three significant processes of social construction: externalization, objectivation, and internalization that should consider the concept of social power to extend the range of its powerful explanation.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47207704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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