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Exploring the Reciprocal Relationship Between Serious Victimization and Criminogenic Networks 严重受害与犯罪网络的互动关系探析
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjccj.2022-0001
Hana Ryu, Evan C. Mccuish
Abstract:Reducing explanations of victimization to a person's risky lifestyle has stalled growth in theories of victimization. Drawing from Carlo Morselli's contributions to social network analysis, the current study extended past research on community-based co-offending networks and victimization in two ways. First, the current study more comprehensively measured a person's criminogenic network by also examining the contribution of conflict ties and social ties to victimization. Second, we investigated whether serious victimization was prospectively associated with social network characteristics. Data were used on 99 participants from the Incarcerated Serious Violent Young Offender Study who had criminogenic connections within the city of Surrey, BC. Time-dependent covariate survival analysis was used to model the relationship between network characteristics and time to victimization. Time-series ordinary least squares regression was used to examine whether serious victimization predicted network characteristics. Participants with a greater number of co-offending ties experienced serious victimization significantly later. As evidence of the reciprocal nature of the victimization–network relationship, victimization predicted a greater number of future criminogenic connections in the co-offending tie, social tie, and prison tie networks. Findings have implications for network-based intervention models.Résumé:Réduire les causes de la victimisation au mode de vie risqué d'une personne nuit au développement théorique de la victimologie. S'inspirant des recherches de Carlo Morselli sur l'analyse des réseaux sociaux, la présente étude prolonge de deux façons certains travaux antérieurs sur les réseaux communautaires de codélinquance et la victimisation. Premièrement, notre étude mesure de manière approfondie le réseau criminogène d'une personne, en tenant compte de la contribution des liens conflictuels et des liens sociaux à la victimisation. Deuxièmement, nous avons cherché à savoir s'il existe un lien prospectif entre la gravité de la victimisation et les caractéristiques du réseau social. Les données ont été appliquées à 99 participantes de l'Incarcerated Serious Violent Young Offender Study (« Étude sur les jeunes emprisonnés pour des infractions graves et violentes ») qui avaient des liens criminogènes avec la ville de Surrey, en Colombie-Britannique. La relation entre les caractéristiques du réseau et la durée écoulée jusqu'à la victimisation a été modélisée par une analyse de survie diachronique des covariables. La régression de séries temporelles par la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaires a servi à vérifier si la gravité de la victimisation permettait de prédire les caractéristiques du réseau. Les incidents graves de victimisation se produisent significativement plus tard chez les participantes qui présentent davantage de liens de codélinquance que les autres. Preuve du caractère réciproque de la relation entre la victimisation et le réseau
摘要:将受害解释减少到一个人危险的生活方式已经稳定了受害理论的增长。从卡洛·莫塞利(Carlo Morselli)对社会网络分析的贡献中绘制,目前的研究扩展了过去关于社区共同犯罪网络和两种方式受害的研究。首先,目前的研究通过审查冲突和社会关系对受害的贡献,更全面地衡量了一个人的犯罪网络。第二,我们调查了严重受害是否与社交网络特征前瞻性相关。来自不列颠哥伦比亚省萨里市有犯罪联系的被监禁严重暴力年轻罪犯研究的99名参与者的数据。时间依赖性协变量生存分析用于模拟网络特征与受害时间之间的关系。时间序列普通最小平方回归用于检查严重受害预测的网络特征。有大量共同犯罪关系的参与者后来经历了严重的受害。作为受害网络关系互惠性质的证据,受害预测了共同犯罪关系、社会关系和监狱关系网络中未来犯罪联系的数量更大。调查结果对基于网络的干预模型有影响。摘要:减少一个人危险生活方式的受害原因损害了受害者学的理论发展。基于卡洛·莫塞利(Carlo Morselli)对社交网络分析的研究,本研究以两种方式扩展了之前关于社区共同犯罪网络和受害的一些工作。首先,我们的研究深入测量了一个人的犯罪网络,考虑到冲突和社会关系对受害的贡献。第二,我们调查了受害严重程度与社交网络特征之间是否存在前瞻性联系。这些数据应用于99名与不列颠哥伦比亚省萨里市有犯罪联系的被监禁严重暴力青年罪犯研究参与者。通过对协变量的历时生存分析,对网络特征与受害时间之间的关系进行了建模。使用普通最小二乘法的时间序列回归用于验证受害严重程度是否能够预测网络特征。与其他参与者相比,有更多共同犯罪关系的参与者发生严重受害事件的时间明显较晚。作为受害与网络之间相互关系的证据,受害预测了共同犯罪、社会关系和监狱关系网络中未来犯罪联系的数量更多。这些结果对基于网络的干预模型具有影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Prosocial and Antisocial Relationships Structure on Offenders' Optimism towards Desistance 亲社会和反社会关系结构对犯罪分子抗阻乐观态度的影响
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjccj.2022-0006
A. Nolet, Yanick Charette, Fanny Mignon
Abstract:At the end of his career, Carlo Morselli started to be interested in how the structure of social relations could influence offenders' prospects for reintegration and desistance. This article analyzes the data from his research project on that topic. The impacts of offenders' relationships have traditionally been discussed from a dichotomous, risk-centered perspective opposing antisocial and prosocial peers. Social network studies allow a step back and a global view of the contexts and processes in which relationships shape trajectories. This article focuses on the ego networks of offenders as they reintegrate with society and sheds light on triadic patterns associated with increased optimism toward desistance. Interviews were conducted with residents of halfway houses (48 men and 24 women), with offenders followed by a community agency (25 men), and with incarcerated youth offenders (24 male teenagers). Structured interviews addressed multiple aspects of the lives of the offenders, including their social relations, prosocial and antisocial. A mixed-method approach was used to understand the influence of social relations in the perception of desistance potential success. First, logistic regressions were used to assess the effect of individual's and egocentric networks' characteristics on optimism toward desistance. Second, case studies of ego network sociograms illustrate the results and suggest hypotheses about processes that may explain them. Results show that optimism is higher when prosocial personal networks are denser, and is lower when antisocial networks are open, and as antisocial peers are connected to prosocial ties. The implications of these patterns for offenders' desistance and network-based interventions are discussed.Résumé:Vers la fin de sa carrière, Carlo Morselli a commencé à s'intéresser à l'influence de la structure des relations sociales sur les perspectives de réintégration et de désistance des contrevenantes. Cet article analyse les données de son projet de recherche sur ce sujet. Les répercussions des relations des contrevenantes sont habituellement considérées dans une perspective dichotomique centrée sur le risque, qui oppose les personnes antisociales et prosociales de son entourage. Létude des réseaux sociaux permet de prendre du recul et donne une vision d'ensemble des contextes et des processus qui influencent les parcours. Cet article porte en particulier sur les réseaux sociaux égocentriques des contrevenantes qui réintègrent la société. Il met en lumière les configurations triadiques associées à un optimisme accru envers la désistance. Des entrevues ont été conduites avec des résidentes de maisons de transition (48 hommes et 24 femmes), des contrevenants suivis par un organisme communautaire (25 hommes) et des jeunes contrevenants incarcérés (24 adolescents). Les entretiens structurés abordent de nombreux aspects de la vie des contrevenant·e·s, y compris leurs relations sociales, prosociales et antisocial
摘要:在职业生涯结束时,卡洛·莫塞利开始对社会关系结构如何影响罪犯重新融入社会和反抗的前景感兴趣。本文分析了他关于这个主题的研究项目的数据。罪犯关系的影响传统上是从反社会和亲社会同行的二分法、以风险为中心的观点来讨论的。社会网络研究允许对关系形成轨迹的背景和过程进行倒退和全球视野。本文关注罪犯的自我网络,因为他们重新融入社会,并揭示了与日益增长的乐观情绪相关的三元模式。采访了中途之家的居民(48名男子和24名妇女)、社区机构跟踪的罪犯(25名男子)和被监禁的青年罪犯(24名男性青少年)。结构化访谈涉及罪犯生活的多个方面,包括他们的社会、亲社会和反社会关系。采用了一种混合方法来理解社会关系对感知阻力潜在成功的影响。首先,逻辑回归用于评估个人和以自我为中心的网络特征对乐观情绪的影响。第二,自我网络社会图的案例研究说明了结果,并提出了关于可能解释它们的过程的假设。结果表明,当亲社会个人网络密集时,乐观主义更高,而当反社会网络开放时,则更低,反社会同行与亲社会关系相连。讨论了这些模式对罪犯抵抗和基于网络的干预的影响。摘要:在职业生涯接近尾声时,卡洛·莫塞利开始研究社会关系结构对罪犯重返社会和退出前景的影响。本文分析了他关于这一主题的研究项目的数据。罪犯关系的影响通常从以风险为中心的二分法角度来看待,这与周围的反社会和亲社会人群形成对比。对社交网络的研究提供了一个退一步的机会,并提供了影响旅程的背景和过程的总体视图。本文特别关注重新融入社会的罪犯的以自我为中心的社交网络。它揭示了与对退出的乐观情绪增加相关的三元配置。对过渡家庭居民(48名男性和24名女性)、社区跟踪罪犯(25名男性)和被监禁的青少年罪犯(24名青少年)进行了访谈。结构化访谈涉及罪犯生活的许多方面,包括他们的社会、亲社会和反社会关系。所使用的混合方法有助于理解社会关系对潜在成功退出感知的影响。首先,通过逻辑回归评估个人特征及其以自我为中心的网络对放弃乐观情绪的影响。然后,以自我为中心的网络社会图的案例研究说明了所获得的结果,并提出了关于可能解释这些结果的过程的假设。结果表明,当亲社会的个人网络更密集时,乐观情绪更高,而当反社会网络开放,反社会同龄人加入亲社会关系时,乐观情绪更低。然后介绍了这些配置对罪犯戒断和基于网络的干预的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Experience of foreign countries in the fight against human trafficking 外国打击人口贩运的经验
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./agtw9871
Mirzayusup Rustambаev
This article deals with issues related to the experience of foreign countries in the fight against human trafficking. The article also analyzes the legislation of the USA, Italy, Germany and the CIS member states on combating human trafficking, makes appropriate proposals and recommendations to address this issue.
本文论述了与外国打击人口贩运的经验有关的问题。文章还分析了美国、意大利、德国和独联体成员国在打击人口贩运方面的立法,提出了解决这一问题的适当建议。
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引用次数: 0
PREVENTION OF OFFENSES: NATIONAL AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE 预防犯罪:国内外经验
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./ysrx9033
Elbek Eshmurodov
This article describes the concept of offenses, their essence, the subjects of crime prevention, legislation on crime prevention, and the peculiarities of foreign experience in crime prevention, the study of the experience of developed countries in this field, the study of crime prevention in foreign countries. Moreover, the article covers improvement of the system based on the identification of specific features of efficiency, application of preventive measures based on the social characteristics of offenses, strengthening the implementation of international standards in national legislation, development of preventive measures and mechanisms to prevent recidivism by offenders, increasing the effectiveness of preventive function. The study gives scientific proposals on improvement of the regulatory framework, systematization, application the law to improve the practice, study the directions and prospects of legal regulation, the practical application of international experience, as well as enhancement of the legal culture and legal literacy of citizens.
本文从犯罪的概念、犯罪的本质、预防犯罪的主体、预防犯罪的立法、国外预防犯罪经验的特点、发达国家预防犯罪经验的研究、国外预防犯罪的研究等方面进行了阐述。此外,本文还包括在识别效率具体特征的基础上完善制度,根据犯罪的社会特征适用预防措施,在国家立法中加强国际标准的实施,发展预防措施和防止罪犯再犯的机制,提高预防功能的有效性。本研究从完善规制框架、制度化、运用法律完善实践、研究法律规制的方向和前景、国际经验的实际应用、提高公民的法律文化和法律素养等方面提出科学建议。
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引用次数: 0
CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKING WITH DIGITAL EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION 刑事侦查中数字证据处理的特点
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./pohr9768
B. Karimov
Digital evidence is one of the most effective means of administering justice in modern society. It simply depends on the types of digital evidence and how to use them. Therefore, this article focuses on the general concept of digital evidence, its sources and collection of digital information in criminal investigations, the basic principles of working with digital evidence, and the specific criteria for ensuring the integrity of digital evidence and evaluating them in investigative and judicial practice. In order to highlight these issues, modern procedures created by international organizations, developed countries and best practices have been used, and their advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. In addition, problems in national practice and legislation on working with digital evidence have been systematically analyzed and practical solutions have been developed. The purpose of this article is to describe the state of digital evidence practice in the Republic of Uzbekistan and to apply experience of developed countries and best practice for future laws, procedures, guidelines and instruction on these issues, also to make recommendations on the development of digital evidence norms in accordance with international standards and law.
数字证据是现代社会最有效的司法手段之一。这仅仅取决于数字证据的类型以及如何使用它们。因此,本文着重阐述了数字证据的一般概念、数字证据的来源和刑事侦查中数字信息的收集、使用数字证据的基本原则以及在侦查和司法实践中确保数字证据完整性和评价数字证据的具体标准。为了突出这些问题,采用了国际组织、发达国家和最佳做法制定的现代程序,并分析了它们的优缺点。此外,系统分析了国家数字证据处理实践和立法中存在的问题,并提出了切实可行的解决方案。本文的目的是描述乌兹别克斯坦共和国的数字证据实践状况,并将发达国家的经验和最佳实践应用于这些问题的未来法律、程序、指南和指令,并就根据国际标准和法律制定数字证据规范提出建议。
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引用次数: 0
THE EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN PREVENTION OF OFFENSES 国外预防犯罪的经验
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./citf1012
S. Khamrakulov
This article focuses on the organization of crime prevention in foreign countries in different areas, as well as the implementation of prevention standards in foreign states and national legislation, the introduction of international experience, as well as the responsibility of the population in terms of social activism and citizenship. Moreover, the article covers the disclosure of the criminal law of foreign countries and methods of accounting for crimes, measures for the implementation of crime prevention.
本文重点介绍了国外不同地区组织预防犯罪的情况,以及国外预防标准和国家立法的实施情况,国际经验的介绍,以及人民在社会行动主义和公民身份方面的责任。此外,文章还介绍了国外刑法对犯罪的披露和核算方法、预防犯罪的实施措施。
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引用次数: 0
GENERAL THEORETICAL ISSUES RELATED TO ELECTRONIC OR DIGITAL EVIDENCE: PROBLEM AND SOLUTION 与电子或数字证据相关的一般理论问题:问题与解决方案
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./pcpb3884
B. Khamidov
This article provides a scientific analysis of the concepts of electronic or digital evidence. In particular, issues related to the legal and technical characteristics of digital evidence, their collection, storage, verification, transportation and evaluation have been investigated. At the same time, the problems and gaps in the practice of national legislation and law enforcement in the field of digital evidence processing have been critically considered. Scientifically based ways and criteria for their elimination have been developed. The article is prepared on the basis of scientific and practical research and opinions of theorists and practitioners conducted in the field of working with digital evidence, as well as technical research. As a result of the research, the methodological rules for working with digital evidence have been analyzed. National legislation, investigative and judicial practice, international experience and practice have been studied, and their achievements and shortcomings have been justified in conclusions. Based on this, the most optimal criteria for law enforcement entities to collect, verify and evaluate digital evidence have been developed. The article analyzes the problems in this area from a systematic, legal, scientific and methodological point of view and provides conclusions on this issue. At the same time, issues related to ensuring the admissibility of digital evidence, its identification and authentication, verification and evaluation of expert opinions are also covered. Scientifically based proposals and recommendations have been developed for the legislator and the subjects applying it.
本文对电子证据和数字证据的概念进行了科学的分析。特别是,对数字证据的法律和技术特征及其收集、储存、核查、运输和评估等问题进行了调查。同时,对数字证据处理领域国家立法和执法实践中存在的问题和差距进行了批判性思考。已经制定了基于科学的消除方法和标准。本文是根据在数字证据工作领域进行的科学和实践研究以及理论家和实践者的意见以及技术研究编写的。作为研究的结果,分析了处理数字证据的方法规则。对国家立法、调查和司法实践、国际经验和做法进行了研究,并在结论中说明了它们的成就和缺点。在此基础上,制定了执法机构收集、核实和评估数字证据的最优标准。本文从系统的、法律的、科学的和方法论的角度分析了这一领域存在的问题,并给出了结论。同时,还涵盖了与确保数字证据的可采性、数字证据的识别和认证、专家意见的验证和评估有关的问题。为立法者和应用它的主体制定了基于科学的提案和建议。
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引用次数: 0
THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH - AN ESSENTIAL FACTOR IN FIGHTING AGAINST CRIME 科学的方法——打击犯罪的重要因素
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./ckvr3539
Rakhim Khakimov
This article discusses the scientific approach - the issues of an essential factor in the fight against crime. Also, the author discusses legal measures aimed at training and retraining of personnel in the related field.
本文论述了科学方法问题——打击犯罪的一个必不可少的因素。并对相关领域人员的培训和再培训的法律措施进行了探讨。
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引用次数: 0
LATENT CRIME: CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION FEATURES 潜在犯罪:概念与分类特征
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./jxtc7494
O. Ismoilov
The article examines the formation of the concept of latent crimes, studies the types and classification of latent crimes. In addition, the views and opinions of various scientists on the latent crime classification into categories and types are discussed. Besides, the statistics of latent crime are analyzed.
本文考察了潜在犯罪概念的形成,研究了潜在犯罪的类型和分类。此外,还讨论了不同科学家对潜在犯罪分类的观点和看法。此外,对潜在性犯罪进行了统计分析。
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引用次数: 0
CURRENT TASKS OF THE SUBJECT OF CRIMINOLOGY 犯罪学学科的当前任务
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./vgux8260
Kumriniso R. Abdurasulova
This article discusses the actual tasks of the subject of criminology. The article also notes that the prevention of offenses (crimes), the correction of the behavior of persons prone to committing a crime or the victim, identifying the causes of the commission of crimes, the conditions that allow this, and their elimination are important tasks of criminology.
本文论述了犯罪学学科的实际任务。该条还指出,预防犯罪(犯罪)、纠正有犯罪倾向的人或受害者的行为、查明犯罪的原因、允许犯罪的条件和消除犯罪是犯罪学的重要任务。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
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