Hearing loss is a common manifestation of Hunter's syndrome, with reported rates ranging from 67.3 to 94%. The aim is to highlight the audiological profile and pathophysiology of mixed hearing loss in individuals with hunter's syndrome. A 7.6-year-old male child was brought to the department of audiology with a complaint of not responding to name call and regression in the speech and language skills. Detailed audiological showed severe to profound mixed hearing loss. REELS and 3DLAT results showed RLA to be 9 to 10 months and ELA to be 6 to 7 months. Owing to the progressive nature and high prevalence of hearing loss in hunter's syndrome, this case report highlights the importance of middle ear evaluation in the pediatric hearing assessment apart from OAE and ABR. Speech- language therapy must be considered with a focus on functional communication.
{"title":"Audiological and Speech and Language Characteristics of a Case with Hunter's Syndrome.","authors":"Krithi Rao, Prajith Carthik, Aleena Varghese, Divya Seth, Mayur Bhat","doi":"10.1007/s12070-023-04144-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12070-023-04144-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hearing loss is a common manifestation of Hunter's syndrome, with reported rates ranging from 67.3 to 94%. The aim is to highlight the audiological profile and pathophysiology of mixed hearing loss in individuals with hunter's syndrome. A 7.6-year-old male child was brought to the department of audiology with a complaint of not responding to name call and regression in the speech and language skills. Detailed audiological showed severe to profound mixed hearing loss. REELS and 3DLAT results showed RLA to be 9 to 10 months and ELA to be 6 to 7 months. Owing to the progressive nature and high prevalence of hearing loss in hunter's syndrome, this case report highlights the importance of middle ear evaluation in the pediatric hearing assessment apart from OAE and ABR. Speech- language therapy must be considered with a focus on functional communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":"1110-1113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10908734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90851470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study uses script analysis in criminology to identify steps and actions performed by police officers during their encounters with individuals in crisis to obtain their cooperation peacefully. Data were collected from 130 police reports. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were respectively used to identify the main steps of police interventions and to estimate the effect of police actions on reactions from the person in crisis. A six-step script was identified: (1) receiving the emergency call; (2) arriving at the scene; (3) assessing the situation; (4) engaging with the person in crisis; (5) managing the situation; and (6) completing the intervention. During their interventions, officers use several techniques to obtain the cooperation of the person in crisis or de-escalate the crisis. Results indicate that support techniques (e.g., involving the person in finding a solution) lead to cooperation and permit effective de-escalation of the crisis. Conversely, individuals in crisis were less likely to cooperate or calm down when the police used nonphysical (e.g., using threats, disapproving of the person’s behavior) or physical control techniques (e.g., using constraint or intermediate weapons). Measures likely to improve police interventions with individuals in crisis are discussed, using the script analysis as a framework.
{"title":"A Script Analysis of Successful Police Interventions Involving Individuals in Crisis","authors":"Etienne Blais, Benoit Leclerc","doi":"10.3138/cjccj-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses script analysis in criminology to identify steps and actions performed by police officers during their encounters with individuals in crisis to obtain their cooperation peacefully. Data were collected from 130 police reports. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were respectively used to identify the main steps of police interventions and to estimate the effect of police actions on reactions from the person in crisis. A six-step script was identified: (1) receiving the emergency call; (2) arriving at the scene; (3) assessing the situation; (4) engaging with the person in crisis; (5) managing the situation; and (6) completing the intervention. During their interventions, officers use several techniques to obtain the cooperation of the person in crisis or de-escalate the crisis. Results indicate that support techniques (e.g., involving the person in finding a solution) lead to cooperation and permit effective de-escalation of the crisis. Conversely, individuals in crisis were less likely to cooperate or calm down when the police used nonphysical (e.g., using threats, disapproving of the person’s behavior) or physical control techniques (e.g., using constraint or intermediate weapons). Measures likely to improve police interventions with individuals in crisis are discussed, using the script analysis as a framework.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philippe Léopold Bélanger, F. Fortin, Nadine Deslauriers-Varin, Sarah Paquette
Despite the potential significance of stress on individuals during investigative interviews, the examination of its general impact remains an underexplored area of research, with previous studies primarily focused on the specific phenomenon of stress-induced false confessions. As for interrogation-related stressors, they are indirectly addressed in the literature and are poorly elaborated. This article has two objectives: (1) To determine the impact associated with apparent stress on the decision of the suspects to disclose information relevant to the investigation and to confess their crimes, and (2) to determine the factors that influence the suspects’ apparent stress. The current study is based on analysis of 130 videotaped investigative interviews involving individuals convicted of offenses related to online sexual exploitation of children. The study results show that the suspects’ decisions to confess the alleged facts or to disclose information relevant to the investigation do not appear to be influenced by their apparent stress. Furthermore, the suspects’ ages and the interviewers recalling the benefits of cooperation and mentioning the desire to be honest or authentic during the investigative interview reduced the suspects’ apparent stress.
{"title":"Exploring Interrogation-Related Stressors: Factors Influencing Apparent Stress in Investigative Interviews with Suspects","authors":"Philippe Léopold Bélanger, F. Fortin, Nadine Deslauriers-Varin, Sarah Paquette","doi":"10.3138/cjccj-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the potential significance of stress on individuals during investigative interviews, the examination of its general impact remains an underexplored area of research, with previous studies primarily focused on the specific phenomenon of stress-induced false confessions. As for interrogation-related stressors, they are indirectly addressed in the literature and are poorly elaborated. This article has two objectives: (1) To determine the impact associated with apparent stress on the decision of the suspects to disclose information relevant to the investigation and to confess their crimes, and (2) to determine the factors that influence the suspects’ apparent stress. The current study is based on analysis of 130 videotaped investigative interviews involving individuals convicted of offenses related to online sexual exploitation of children. The study results show that the suspects’ decisions to confess the alleged facts or to disclose information relevant to the investigation do not appear to be influenced by their apparent stress. Furthermore, the suspects’ ages and the interviewers recalling the benefits of cooperation and mentioning the desire to be honest or authentic during the investigative interview reduced the suspects’ apparent stress.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dale Spencer, Rose Ricciardelli, M. S. Cassiano, Ayla Zehtab-Jadid
Occupational stress remains a remarkable problem among correctional officers. While the scholarship on correctional services has scrutinized correctional work to identify and analyze sources and consequences of stress, correctional training has received little attention. Drawing on the literature on sources of stress in corrections work, we analyze and compare whether sources of stress on the job overlap with those of correctional training. We base our analysis on interviews with correctional officers from Canada’s federal prison system who were interviewed while completing the Correctional Service of Canada’s Correctional Training Program. Findings suggest that sources of stress in training are not consistent with those of correctional work. The training program conditions succeed in preparing recruits to manage pressure, strain, and anxiety. However, the program does not necessarily equip recruits to deal with on-the-job stress, and does little to eliminate the occupational stressors and mental health disorders that too often emerge during occupational tenure. Correctional training programs in Canada and beyond must ensure that recruits are equipped with tools to deal with the specific sources of stress and possibly eliminate such sources in the course of work.
{"title":"Occupational Stress, Correctional Officers, and Training for the Job: Probing Sources of Stress During the Correctional Service of Canada’s Correctional Training Program","authors":"Dale Spencer, Rose Ricciardelli, M. S. Cassiano, Ayla Zehtab-Jadid","doi":"10.3138/cjccj-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational stress remains a remarkable problem among correctional officers. While the scholarship on correctional services has scrutinized correctional work to identify and analyze sources and consequences of stress, correctional training has received little attention. Drawing on the literature on sources of stress in corrections work, we analyze and compare whether sources of stress on the job overlap with those of correctional training. We base our analysis on interviews with correctional officers from Canada’s federal prison system who were interviewed while completing the Correctional Service of Canada’s Correctional Training Program. Findings suggest that sources of stress in training are not consistent with those of correctional work. The training program conditions succeed in preparing recruits to manage pressure, strain, and anxiety. However, the program does not necessarily equip recruits to deal with on-the-job stress, and does little to eliminate the occupational stressors and mental health disorders that too often emerge during occupational tenure. Correctional training programs in Canada and beyond must ensure that recruits are equipped with tools to deal with the specific sources of stress and possibly eliminate such sources in the course of work.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adoption of body-worn cameras (BWCs) by law enforcement agencies is commonly viewed as a means of enhancing police transparency, holding officers accountable, and building trust with the communities they serve. The effectiveness of BWCs in promoting police transparency, however, is still debatable, with many jurisdictions still lacking clear BWC footage disclosure policies. Following a mixed-method design, this article investigates the perspectives of officers and citizens on police transparency and, more specifically, the divergences and convergences in their expectations regarding BWC footage release. The data were collected from 78 police officers (through interviews and focus groups) and 1,609 citizens from the province of Quebec (through phone surveys). The two groups share the belief that the public release of BWC footage is significant in promoting police transparency. Yet they hold differing views on its use to reach accurate assessments of police interventions. While citizens expressed worries about the integrity of BWC footage, officers appeared more concerned about the potential misunderstanding of events following the release of BWC footage. The variations in expectations between officers and the public highlight the multifaceted nature of police transparency, which should serve to inform future BWC footage disclosure policies.
{"title":"Divergence and Convergence on Police Transparency: Comparing Officers’ and Citizens’ Preferences on Body-Worn Camera Footage Release","authors":"Brigitte Poirier, Étienne Charbonneau, R. Boivin","doi":"10.3138/cjccj-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of body-worn cameras (BWCs) by law enforcement agencies is commonly viewed as a means of enhancing police transparency, holding officers accountable, and building trust with the communities they serve. The effectiveness of BWCs in promoting police transparency, however, is still debatable, with many jurisdictions still lacking clear BWC footage disclosure policies. Following a mixed-method design, this article investigates the perspectives of officers and citizens on police transparency and, more specifically, the divergences and convergences in their expectations regarding BWC footage release. The data were collected from 78 police officers (through interviews and focus groups) and 1,609 citizens from the province of Quebec (through phone surveys). The two groups share the belief that the public release of BWC footage is significant in promoting police transparency. Yet they hold differing views on its use to reach accurate assessments of police interventions. While citizens expressed worries about the integrity of BWC footage, officers appeared more concerned about the potential misunderstanding of events following the release of BWC footage. The variations in expectations between officers and the public highlight the multifaceted nature of police transparency, which should serve to inform future BWC footage disclosure policies.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The public is justifiably concerned about the risk presented by individuals with a history of sexual crime. Given that recidivism risk varies across individuals and over time, what level is so low as to be indistinguishable from sexual recidivism risk in the general population (a desistance threshold)? This risk is not zero. Comparing census data with the number of males convicted of sexual offences in the province of British Columbia in two cohorts (2006, N = 362; 2011, N = 422), we found that approximately 1% of all adult males in British Columbia would be expected to be convicted of a sexual offence by age 50. Across the full lifespan (until 99), that proportion was estimated to be 1.38% for the 2006 cohort and 1.50% for the 2011 cohort. Other research has found that most individuals released from a sexual offence present a similarly low residual risk (< 2%) after 10 years of being offence-free in the community. Consequently, applying long-term restrictions (e.g., lifetime registration; Criminal Code of Canada §161) to such individuals serves no public protection function.
{"title":"There Is No Such Thing as Zero Risk of Sexual Offending","authors":"Seung C. Lee, A. E. Brankley, R. K. Hanson","doi":"10.3138/cjccj-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"The public is justifiably concerned about the risk presented by individuals with a history of sexual crime. Given that recidivism risk varies across individuals and over time, what level is so low as to be indistinguishable from sexual recidivism risk in the general population (a desistance threshold)? This risk is not zero. Comparing census data with the number of males convicted of sexual offences in the province of British Columbia in two cohorts (2006, N = 362; 2011, N = 422), we found that approximately 1% of all adult males in British Columbia would be expected to be convicted of a sexual offence by age 50. Across the full lifespan (until 99), that proportion was estimated to be 1.38% for the 2006 cohort and 1.50% for the 2011 cohort. Other research has found that most individuals released from a sexual offence present a similarly low residual risk (< 2%) after 10 years of being offence-free in the community. Consequently, applying long-term restrictions (e.g., lifetime registration; Criminal Code of Canada §161) to such individuals serves no public protection function.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./iarr4293
Abduvali Shonazarov
This article highlights important aspects of investigative actions in the investigation of crimes committed by organized groups. The interaction of the investigator with the bodies and employees carrying out operational-search activities, the procedure for performing procedural actions, such as the implementation of a preliminary investigation, are expressed. The validity of this thesis is related to the investigation of many types of crimes, including the investigation of crimes committed by organized criminal groups. Such a criminological feature is explained not only by provability in the investigation of crimes but also by information about the characteristics of the necessary signs of criminal activity, as well as information about the elements that are used to prove a crime. It is argued that investigators and operatives will identify the forensic nature of the organized criminal activity and compare it with typical forensic data specific to the respective specific type. The use of forensic methods and tools that help to timely and effectively solve the problems of operational search, investigation and examination at the initial stage of investigating the activities of a criminal group are also expressed. The forensic features of investigations of organized criminal groups by investigators and operatives are highlighted.
{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF PRELIMINARY AND SUBSEQUENT INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY ORGANIZED GROUPS","authors":"Abduvali Shonazarov","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./iarr4293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./iarr4293","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights important aspects of investigative actions in the investigation of crimes committed by organized groups. The interaction of the investigator with the bodies and employees carrying out operational-search activities, the procedure for performing procedural actions, such as the implementation of a preliminary investigation, are expressed. The validity of this thesis is related to the investigation of many types of crimes, including the investigation of crimes committed by organized criminal groups. Such a criminological feature is explained not only by provability in the investigation of crimes but also by information about the characteristics of the necessary signs of criminal activity, as well as information about the elements that are used to prove a crime. It is argued that investigators and operatives will identify the forensic nature of the organized criminal activity and compare it with typical forensic data specific to the respective specific type. The use of forensic methods and tools that help to timely and effectively solve the problems of operational search, investigation and examination at the initial stage of investigating the activities of a criminal group are also expressed. The forensic features of investigations of organized criminal groups by investigators and operatives are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79775082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./yekr8544
Akrom Toshpulatov
The creation of an effective system of criminal law is one of the priority tasks of the state to ensure law and order, human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, peace and security. The discrepancy between sanctions for committing certain types of crimes and the nature and degree of public danger of acts, including alternative types of punishment, insufficient use and inefficiency of incentive norms and measures of social influence determine the relevance of scientific research in this area. The article analyzes the correspondence of changes and additions to the Criminal Code with the principles of criminal law. Also, based on the analysis of the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, it is substantiated that the penalties provided by law for certain crimes do not correspond to their public danger. The author emphasizes that the principles of humanity and justice should not be regarded as a basis for applying only milder punishment to the guilty. The article presents proposals for distinguishing between the evasion of execution from criminal punishment from the crime of non-execution of judicial acts, the observance of the principle of equality in the imposition of criminal punishment, and the improvement of the system of criminal liability and punishment.
{"title":"PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY: IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES IN LEGISLATIVE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE","authors":"Akrom Toshpulatov","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./yekr8544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./yekr8544","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of an effective system of criminal law is one of the priority tasks of the state to ensure law and order, human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, peace and security. The discrepancy between sanctions for committing certain types of crimes and the nature and degree of public danger of acts, including alternative types of punishment, insufficient use and inefficiency of incentive norms and measures of social influence determine the relevance of scientific research in this area. The article analyzes the correspondence of changes and additions to the Criminal Code with the principles of criminal law. Also, based on the analysis of the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, it is substantiated that the penalties provided by law for certain crimes do not correspond to their public danger. The author emphasizes that the principles of humanity and justice should not be regarded as a basis for applying only milder punishment to the guilty. The article presents proposals for distinguishing between the evasion of execution from criminal punishment from the crime of non-execution of judicial acts, the observance of the principle of equality in the imposition of criminal punishment, and the improvement of the system of criminal liability and punishment.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"254 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72444446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./gxja5889
Dilshod Chiniev, Umidaxon Sobitova
This article examines the concept and content of the criminological characteristics of the criminal invader. The characteristic features of the criminal invader in the crime as hostage-taking, and forming a criminogenic and criminal personality, are considered. The structure of the criminal’s personality has been studied, which includes three groups: socio-demographic, socio-role (functional) and socio-psychological. The article also examines the types of persons who committed hostage-taking and puts forward the following types: politicized, criminal and unbalanced. The transitions from the criminal type of criminals to the politicized type and, conversely, from the politicized to the criminal type are explained by example. In addition, the experience of the FBI conducted by the staff of this bureau related to the division of criminals taking hostages into four specific categories is analyzed. Thus, the specialists of this bureau note that more than 50% of all cases of hostage-taking are committed by mentally ill people. This means that a large and solid part is made up of the mentally ill. For a comprehensive approach, along with determining the motives for hostage-taking and studying the psychological characteristics of criminals in preparation for the negotiation process, the types of situations associated with hostage-taking are considered in detail. A table is presented in the form of an appendix, which includes examples of responses of law enforcement officers to the questions of the hostage-taking questionnaire.
{"title":"CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IDENTITY OF THE INVADER IN THE CRIME OF HOSTAGE","authors":"Dilshod Chiniev, Umidaxon Sobitova","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./gxja5889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./gxja5889","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the concept and content of the criminological characteristics of the criminal invader. The characteristic features of the criminal invader in the crime as hostage-taking, and forming a criminogenic and criminal personality, are considered. The structure of the criminal’s personality has been studied, which includes three groups: socio-demographic, socio-role (functional) and socio-psychological. The article also examines the types of persons who committed hostage-taking and puts forward the following types: politicized, criminal and unbalanced. The transitions from the criminal type of criminals to the politicized type and, conversely, from the politicized to the criminal type are explained by example. In addition, the experience of the FBI conducted by the staff of this bureau related to the division of criminals taking hostages into four specific categories is analyzed. Thus, the specialists of this bureau note that more than 50% of all cases of hostage-taking are committed by mentally ill people. This means that a large and solid part is made up of the mentally ill. For a comprehensive approach, along with determining the motives for hostage-taking and studying the psychological characteristics of criminals in preparation for the negotiation process, the types of situations associated with hostage-taking are considered in detail. A table is presented in the form of an appendix, which includes examples of responses of law enforcement officers to the questions of the hostage-taking questionnaire.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85619507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./sebh6945
J. Ataniyazov
This article examines the cases of proportionality of the principles of the CPC, which are the procedural grounds for exemption from criminal liability, the institution of refusal and termination of proceedings, and the guidelines of Criminal Procedural legislation. At the same time, opinions and views on the importance of the principles of the Criminal Procedural Code, its role in legislation and its role in the development of this area of legislation have been studied. The article highlights inconsistencies in the practice of refusal to initiate criminal proceedings and termination of criminal proceedings, as well as conflicting circumstances. Considerations regarding the principle of the inevitability of initiating a criminal case, which is considered one of the principles of the CPC, the reasons for its existence, the establishment in legislation, the tendency to change and its role are also studied. The methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparative legal analysis have been used in the research. In the course of the study, advanced foreign experience, scientific and theoretical views and investigative and judicial practice have been studied, as a result of which proposals and recommendations have been developed for making appropriate amendments or additions to the Criminal Procedural Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL PRINCIPLES IN THE EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY","authors":"J. Ataniyazov","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./sebh6945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./sebh6945","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the cases of proportionality of the principles of the CPC, which are the procedural grounds for exemption from criminal liability, the institution of refusal and termination of proceedings, and the guidelines of Criminal Procedural legislation. At the same time, opinions and views on the importance of the principles of the Criminal Procedural Code, its role in legislation and its role in the development of this area of legislation have been studied. The article highlights inconsistencies in the practice of refusal to initiate criminal proceedings and termination of criminal proceedings, as well as conflicting circumstances. Considerations regarding the principle of the inevitability of initiating a criminal case, which is considered one of the principles of the CPC, the reasons for its existence, the establishment in legislation, the tendency to change and its role are also studied. The methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparative legal analysis have been used in the research. In the course of the study, advanced foreign experience, scientific and theoretical views and investigative and judicial practice have been studied, as a result of which proposals and recommendations have been developed for making appropriate amendments or additions to the Criminal Procedural Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84249241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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