Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./fnnw5582
K. Abzalova
"In this article, the characteristics of the person who committed the crime of premeditated murder were studied on the basis of methods of analyzing court sentences adopted by the courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and statistical data. The article states that improving the effectiveness of the fight against premeditated murder, first of all, requires the implementation of the following tasks: first, the implementation of a set of measures to improve the socio-economic state, the well-being of the individual; secondly, the formation of a comprehensive system of prevention and early warning of violent crimes, in particular, premeditated murder; thirdly, the implementation of a rational deterrent criminal law policy, the criminal legislation should maintain a balance of “punitive” and “liberal” measures; fourth, the reform of the penal system, in particular, the penitentiary system; fifth, the introduction and use of scientific achievements and research results in the fight against murder. The article points out that the prevention of homicides, in particular, violence against minors in families, is carried out by general social means through the whole set of large – scale measures-the adoption of a set of social, economic and legal measures. "
{"title":"DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE MURDER PREVENTION STRATEGY: BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE KILLER’S PERSONALITY","authors":"K. Abzalova","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./fnnw5582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./fnnw5582","url":null,"abstract":"\"In this article, the characteristics of the person who committed the crime of premeditated murder were studied on the basis of methods of analyzing court sentences adopted by the courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and statistical data. The article states that improving the effectiveness of the fight against premeditated murder, first of all, requires the implementation of the following tasks: first, the implementation of a set of measures to improve the socio-economic state, the well-being of the individual; secondly, the formation of a comprehensive system of prevention and early warning of violent crimes, in particular, premeditated murder; thirdly, the implementation of a rational deterrent criminal law policy, the criminal legislation should maintain a balance of “punitive” and “liberal” measures; fourth, the reform of the penal system, in particular, the penitentiary system; fifth, the introduction and use of scientific achievements and research results in the fight against murder. The article points out that the prevention of homicides, in particular, violence against minors in families, is carried out by general social means through the whole set of large – scale measures-the adoption of a set of social, economic and legal measures. \"","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85935397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./fcev4054
Dildora Bazarova
The article examines the theoretical and applied aspects of certain problems of criminal proceedings, which have the most common characteristics in most post-Soviet states. The article examines such significant factors that affect the effectiveness of criminal procedural control over crime and the observance of the rights, freedoms and interests of the individual, such as the recent changes in the socio-economic and spiritual and moral foundations of society, structural and dynamic indicators of crime. The author’s position on the need for active formation of key institutions of civil society and the use of their potential in combating crime is stated. The issue of revising the system of criteria for assessing the results of the activities of law enforcement and judicial bodies, expanding and deepening scientific and practical research on the problems of guaranteeing the rights and interests of participants in criminal proceedings was considered. The question of how the authorities organize and ensure the functioning of the law enforcement system, which directly carries out activities to supervise the implementation of laws, by all participants in the process of combating crime, to investigate committed crimes, to conduct operational-search activities to identify, disclose and prevent impending crimes, as well as for the execution of sentences and the re-education of criminals were studied.
{"title":"ISSUES OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE","authors":"Dildora Bazarova","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./fcev4054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./fcev4054","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the theoretical and applied aspects of certain problems of criminal proceedings, which have the most common characteristics in most post-Soviet states. The article examines such significant factors that affect the effectiveness of criminal procedural control over crime and the observance of the rights, freedoms and interests of the individual, such as the recent changes in the socio-economic and spiritual and moral foundations of society, structural and dynamic indicators of crime. The author’s position on the need for active formation of key institutions of civil society and the use of their potential in combating crime is stated. The issue of revising the system of criteria for assessing the results of the activities of law enforcement and judicial bodies, expanding and deepening scientific and practical research on the problems of guaranteeing the rights and interests of participants in criminal proceedings was considered. The question of how the authorities organize and ensure the functioning of the law enforcement system, which directly carries out activities to supervise the implementation of laws, by all participants in the process of combating crime, to investigate committed crimes, to conduct operational-search activities to identify, disclose and prevent impending crimes, as well as for the execution of sentences and the re-education of criminals were studied.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77417724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Carlo Morselli's research inspired numerous scholars around the world to integrate criminal achievement indicators and social network data into their research programs. As a professor of criminology for over 20 years at the Université de Montréal, Morselli was part of a generation of scholars who acted as brokers between Canada's two official languages. This volume of the Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice brings together research inspired by his legacy. Morselli's interests were diverse; we selected manuscripts revolving around two major themes in his career: the development of criminal achievement as a conceptual and empirical framework, and the innovative use of social network data in new contexts of criminological interest, such as the role of social networks in individuals' relative optimism towards desistance, or in future victimization.Résumé:Les recherches du professeur Carlo Morselli ont amené de nombreux chercheurs à travers le monde à tenir compte de la réussite criminelle et des réseaux sociaux dans leurs propres travaux. Dans son rôle de professeur en criminologie à l'université de Montréal, Morselli a agi en tant que courtier entre les deux langues officielles canadiennes. Ce numéro de la Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale rassemble des recherches empiriques inspirées par son travail. Les intérêts de Morselli étaient variés; Les articles présentés portent sur deux grands thèmes ayant marqué sa carrière : le développement du cadre conceptuel et empirique entourant la réussite criminelle, et l'utilisation dans de nouveaux contextes d'intérêt en criminologie de données issues des réseaux sociaux pour mieux comprendre certains enjeux, notamment le rôle que peut jouer les réseaux dans le processus de désistement ou de victimisation.
{"title":"Inside the Criminology of Carlo Morselli","authors":"M. Bouchard, Frédéric Ouellet","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Carlo Morselli's research inspired numerous scholars around the world to integrate criminal achievement indicators and social network data into their research programs. As a professor of criminology for over 20 years at the Université de Montréal, Morselli was part of a generation of scholars who acted as brokers between Canada's two official languages. This volume of the Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice brings together research inspired by his legacy. Morselli's interests were diverse; we selected manuscripts revolving around two major themes in his career: the development of criminal achievement as a conceptual and empirical framework, and the innovative use of social network data in new contexts of criminological interest, such as the role of social networks in individuals' relative optimism towards desistance, or in future victimization.Résumé:Les recherches du professeur Carlo Morselli ont amené de nombreux chercheurs à travers le monde à tenir compte de la réussite criminelle et des réseaux sociaux dans leurs propres travaux. Dans son rôle de professeur en criminologie à l'université de Montréal, Morselli a agi en tant que courtier entre les deux langues officielles canadiennes. Ce numéro de la Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale rassemble des recherches empiriques inspirées par son travail. Les intérêts de Morselli étaient variés; Les articles présentés portent sur deux grands thèmes ayant marqué sa carrière : le développement du cadre conceptuel et empirique entourant la réussite criminelle, et l'utilisation dans de nouveaux contextes d'intérêt en criminologie de données issues des réseaux sociaux pour mieux comprendre certains enjeux, notamment le rôle que peut jouer les réseaux dans le processus de désistement ou de victimisation.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"64 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43957784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Dealing with use of excessive force by the police has historically been a struggle in the United States. The 1992 protests in Los Angeles following the death of Rodney King are one example of public response to an instance of excessive use of force. More recently, the death of George Floyd led to widespread protests against excessive use of force and the current model of policing in general. The increasing popularity and availability of social media over the past decade have made it a powerful tool for mobilizing citizens and provided a place for protest. This study looks at the negative reactions of social media users to police use of force in the United States based on analysis of two significant instances: the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis and the shooting of Jacob Blake in Kenosha. Using quantitative, forensic linguistics, and advanced topic modelling methodologies, three prominent aspects of policing identified in the literature – excessive use of force, racial bias, and legitimacy – were analysed from 14 days of tweets following each event. Analyses deal with trends in frequency, case similarities, and topic modelling. The results show important differences in negative online reaction to the two events, particularly regarding excessive use of force: those following the Floyd death focused on the technicalities of the intervention, while those responding to the Blake death focused on its aftermath. Analysis of tweets related to racial bias and police legitimacy revealed similar patterns, with users repeating criticisms such as differential treatment according to race and the need for changes in the policing model. The results also suggest that perceptions of excessive use of force and racial bias are deeply intertwined. Implications and issues are discussed. Résumé:La question de l’usage excessif de la force par la police est un problème de longue date aux États-Unis. En 1992, à Los Angeles, les manifestations qui ont suivi la mort de Rodney King sont un exemple de réaction populaire devant un cas d’usage excessif de la force et, plus récemment, la mort de George Floyd a suscité un peu partout des manifestations contre la brutalité policière et le modèle de maintien de l’ordre en vigueur. Depuis dix ans, la popularité et la disponibilité croissantes des médias sociaux ont fait de ceuxci de puissants outils de mobilisation citoyenne, ainsi qu’un lieu où manifester. Cette étude porte sur les réactions négatives des utilisateurs et des utilisatrices des médias sociaux devant l’usage de la force aux États-Unis. Elle se fonde sur deux cas révélateurs : la mort de George Floyd à Minneapolis et les coups de feu tirés sur Jacob Blake à Kenosha. Trois revendications contre la police déterminées par la littérature sur le sujet – l’usage excessif de la force, les préjugés raciaux et la légitimité – sont analysées ici au moyen de méthodes quantitatives, de la linguistique forensique et de la modélisation thématique avancée, dans un corpu
{"title":"Examining Negative Online Social Reaction to Police Use of Force: The George Floyd and Jacob Blake Events","authors":"Olivier Péloquin, F. Fortin, Sarah Paquette","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Dealing with use of excessive force by the police has historically been a struggle in the United States. The 1992 protests in Los Angeles following the death of Rodney King are one example of public response to an instance of excessive use of force. More recently, the death of George Floyd led to widespread protests against excessive use of force and the current model of policing in general. The increasing popularity and availability of social media over the past decade have made it a powerful tool for mobilizing citizens and provided a place for protest. This study looks at the negative reactions of social media users to police use of force in the United States based on analysis of two significant instances: the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis and the shooting of Jacob Blake in Kenosha. Using quantitative, forensic linguistics, and advanced topic modelling methodologies, three prominent aspects of policing identified in the literature – excessive use of force, racial bias, and legitimacy – were analysed from 14 days of tweets following each event. Analyses deal with trends in frequency, case similarities, and topic modelling. The results show important differences in negative online reaction to the two events, particularly regarding excessive use of force: those following the Floyd death focused on the technicalities of the intervention, while those responding to the Blake death focused on its aftermath. Analysis of tweets related to racial bias and police legitimacy revealed similar patterns, with users repeating criticisms such as differential treatment according to race and the need for changes in the policing model. The results also suggest that perceptions of excessive use of force and racial bias are deeply intertwined. Implications and issues are discussed. Résumé:La question de l’usage excessif de la force par la police est un problème de longue date aux États-Unis. En 1992, à Los Angeles, les manifestations qui ont suivi la mort de Rodney King sont un exemple de réaction populaire devant un cas d’usage excessif de la force et, plus récemment, la mort de George Floyd a suscité un peu partout des manifestations contre la brutalité policière et le modèle de maintien de l’ordre en vigueur. Depuis dix ans, la popularité et la disponibilité croissantes des médias sociaux ont fait de ceuxci de puissants outils de mobilisation citoyenne, ainsi qu’un lieu où manifester. Cette étude porte sur les réactions négatives des utilisateurs et des utilisatrices des médias sociaux devant l’usage de la force aux États-Unis. Elle se fonde sur deux cas révélateurs : la mort de George Floyd à Minneapolis et les coups de feu tirés sur Jacob Blake à Kenosha. Trois revendications contre la police déterminées par la littérature sur le sujet – l’usage excessif de la force, les préjugés raciaux et la légitimité – sont analysées ici au moyen de méthodes quantitatives, de la linguistique forensique et de la modélisation thématique avancée, dans un corpu","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"64 1","pages":"53 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49578724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CJCCJ Book Reviews / Recensions de livres","authors":"","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.64.1.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.64.1.127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46133827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
*Please direct correspondence to Rémi Boivin, School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon LionelGroulx, 3150, rue Jean-Brillant, Montréal, QC, H3T 1N8; remi.boivin@umontreal.ca Recent fatal encounters between citizens and trained and better armed police offi cers raise questions about the use of force and, more generally, the role of the police in our societies. Th e deaths of George Floyd (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Michael Brown (Ferguson, Missouri), Sammy Yatim (Toronto, Ontario), and Alain Magloire (Montreal, Quebec) sparked social unrest and fuelled political movements such as Black Lives Matter throughout the world. While important observations, discussions, commentaries, and questions followed these events, one common characteristic, in both traditional and social media, is the tendency to oversimplify situations without relying on contextual and empirical evidence. Coverage of events now also crosses borders easily to become international news while legal situations – and thus, the supporting frame for analysis – remain national. Floyd’s and Brown’s deaths resonated outside the United States and aff ected our understanding of police interventions, but ultimately they happened in a specifi c country with specifi c issues. We might live in a globalizing world, but the police remain a state or national entity, not a global one. Still, a wide range of scientifi c studies supported by empirical evidence can provide helpful knowledge to the debates, regardless of their geographic focus.
*请直接联系蒙特利尔大学犯罪学学院Rémi Boivin，Pavillon LionelGroulx，3150，rue Jean Brillant，Montréal，QC，H3T 1N8；remi.boivin@umontreal.ca最近，公民与受过训练、装备精良的警察官员之间发生了致命的冲突，这引发了人们对武力使用的质疑，更广泛地说，也引发了对警察在我们社会中的作用的质疑。乔治·弗洛伊德（明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市）、迈克尔·布朗（密苏里州弗格森市）、萨米·亚蒂姆（安大略省多伦多市）和阿兰·马格洛伊尔（魁北克省蒙特利尔市）的死亡引发了社会动荡，并在全世界引发了“黑人的命也是命”等政治运动。虽然重要的观察、讨论、评论和问题都是在这些事件之后发生的，但在传统媒体和社交媒体中，一个共同的特点是倾向于在不依赖上下文和经验证据的情况下将情况过于简单化。对事件的报道现在也很容易跨越国界，成为国际新闻，而法律情况——因此也是分析的支撑框架——仍然是全国性的。弗洛伊德和布朗的死在美国以外引起了共鸣，也影响了我们对警察干预的理解，但最终他们发生在一个有特定问题的特定国家。我们可能生活在一个全球化的世界，但警察仍然是一个国家或国家实体，而不是一个全球性实体。尽管如此，有经验证据支持的广泛科学研究可以为辩论提供有用的知识，无论其地理重点如何。
{"title":"Introduction to the CJCCJ Special Issue on Police Use of Force","authors":"R. Boivin","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0063","url":null,"abstract":"*Please direct correspondence to Rémi Boivin, School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Pavillon LionelGroulx, 3150, rue Jean-Brillant, Montréal, QC, H3T 1N8; remi.boivin@umontreal.ca Recent fatal encounters between citizens and trained and better armed police offi cers raise questions about the use of force and, more generally, the role of the police in our societies. Th e deaths of George Floyd (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Michael Brown (Ferguson, Missouri), Sammy Yatim (Toronto, Ontario), and Alain Magloire (Montreal, Quebec) sparked social unrest and fuelled political movements such as Black Lives Matter throughout the world. While important observations, discussions, commentaries, and questions followed these events, one common characteristic, in both traditional and social media, is the tendency to oversimplify situations without relying on contextual and empirical evidence. Coverage of events now also crosses borders easily to become international news while legal situations – and thus, the supporting frame for analysis – remain national. Floyd’s and Brown’s deaths resonated outside the United States and aff ected our understanding of police interventions, but ultimately they happened in a specifi c country with specifi c issues. We might live in a globalizing world, but the police remain a state or national entity, not a global one. Still, a wide range of scientifi c studies supported by empirical evidence can provide helpful knowledge to the debates, regardless of their geographic focus.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47844367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brigitte Poirier, Justine Collin-Santerre, R. Boivin
Abstract:The use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) by police organizations has increased rapidly in recent years. As a result, the use of BWC footage by mass media has also increased. While such video images can help viewers better understand complex police interventions, there are few studies of the extent to which BWC footage influences audience opinions and interpretations of police work. This article investigates the degree to which news reports of a police use-of-force event are influenced by two potential sources of cognitive bias: camera perspective and the way information about the event is framed. In a study using a three (cellphone, closed-circuit camera, and BWC perspective) by two (neutral and negative frame) experimental design, a total of 634 participants viewed and evaluated a news report of a police use-of-force event. Participant perceptions showed the influence of a BWC perspective bias, but no framing effect was found. Participants who watched the BWC footage were more likely to see the intervention as questionable or blameworthy and to believe that officers had no reasonable grounds for intervening. Results also suggest that the BWC perspective bias can be exacerbated or mitigated by the way information is presented in a news report.Résumé:Au cours des dernières années, l’utilisation de caméras portatives par les corps policiers a monté en flèche. Il y a donc aussi eu une augmentation de l’utilisation d’images de caméras portatives par les médias de masse. De telles images vidéo peuvent aider les auditeurs à mieux comprendre des interventions policières complexes, mais il y a eu peu d’études sur la mesure dans laquelle elles peuvent influencer les opinions et les interprétations du public sur le travail de la police. Le présent article examine à quel degré les reportages sur les cas de recours à la force par la police sont influencés par deux sources potentielles de biais cognitif : la perspective de la caméra et la façon dont l’information sur le cas est cadrée. Dans une étude à devis expérimental de trois (perspective de téléphone cellulaire, caméra en circuit fermé et caméra portative) par deux (cadrage neutre et négatif), un total de 634 participants ont vu et évalué un reportage sur un cas de recours à la force par la police. Les perceptions des participants ont montré l’influence d’un biais de perspective avec la caméra portative, mais le cadrage n’a pas semblé avoir d’effet. Les participants qui ont vu les images de la caméra portative étaient plus susceptibles de juger que l’intervention était discutable ou répréhensible et de croire que l’intervention des agents n’avait pas de justification raisonnable. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que le biais de perspective lié à la caméra portative peutêtre exacerbé ou mitigé par la façon dont l’information est présentée dans un reportage.
{"title":"Body-Worn Camera Footage in the News: An Experimental Study of the Impact of Perspective and Framing on Viewer Perception","authors":"Brigitte Poirier, Justine Collin-Santerre, R. Boivin","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) by police organizations has increased rapidly in recent years. As a result, the use of BWC footage by mass media has also increased. While such video images can help viewers better understand complex police interventions, there are few studies of the extent to which BWC footage influences audience opinions and interpretations of police work. This article investigates the degree to which news reports of a police use-of-force event are influenced by two potential sources of cognitive bias: camera perspective and the way information about the event is framed. In a study using a three (cellphone, closed-circuit camera, and BWC perspective) by two (neutral and negative frame) experimental design, a total of 634 participants viewed and evaluated a news report of a police use-of-force event. Participant perceptions showed the influence of a BWC perspective bias, but no framing effect was found. Participants who watched the BWC footage were more likely to see the intervention as questionable or blameworthy and to believe that officers had no reasonable grounds for intervening. Results also suggest that the BWC perspective bias can be exacerbated or mitigated by the way information is presented in a news report.Résumé:Au cours des dernières années, l’utilisation de caméras portatives par les corps policiers a monté en flèche. Il y a donc aussi eu une augmentation de l’utilisation d’images de caméras portatives par les médias de masse. De telles images vidéo peuvent aider les auditeurs à mieux comprendre des interventions policières complexes, mais il y a eu peu d’études sur la mesure dans laquelle elles peuvent influencer les opinions et les interprétations du public sur le travail de la police. Le présent article examine à quel degré les reportages sur les cas de recours à la force par la police sont influencés par deux sources potentielles de biais cognitif : la perspective de la caméra et la façon dont l’information sur le cas est cadrée. Dans une étude à devis expérimental de trois (perspective de téléphone cellulaire, caméra en circuit fermé et caméra portative) par deux (cadrage neutre et négatif), un total de 634 participants ont vu et évalué un reportage sur un cas de recours à la force par la police. Les perceptions des participants ont montré l’influence d’un biais de perspective avec la caméra portative, mais le cadrage n’a pas semblé avoir d’effet. Les participants qui ont vu les images de la caméra portative étaient plus susceptibles de juger que l’intervention était discutable ou répréhensible et de croire que l’intervention des agents n’avait pas de justification raisonnable. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que le biais de perspective lié à la caméra portative peutêtre exacerbé ou mitigé par la façon dont l’information est présentée dans un reportage.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"64 1","pages":"82 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to explore the crime-commission process involved in the sexual victimization of children perpetrated by juveniles. Specifically, this study aims to explore the interconnectedness of pre-crime, crime, and post-crime phases with victimological characteristics using a criminal event perspective. The sample used in this study consists of 185 cases of child sexual abuses perpetrated by juveniles. The first step of this study uses latent class analysis to explore the relationship between each step of the crime-commission process. As a second step, additional variables were used to test the external validity of our model. Results suggest that there are three different criminal event patterns: familiar sexually non-intrusive, familiar sexually intrusive, and stranger sexually non-intrusive. Moreover, we found that specific victimological characteristics were associated with each of the patterns. Practical implications in terms of situational crime prevention and victim assistance are discussed.
{"title":"Understanding the Sexual Victimization of Children by Juveniles: Identifying Criminal Event Patterns","authors":"J. Chopin, Eric Beauregard","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to explore the crime-commission process involved in the sexual victimization of children perpetrated by juveniles. Specifically, this study aims to explore the interconnectedness of pre-crime, crime, and post-crime phases with victimological characteristics using a criminal event perspective. The sample used in this study consists of 185 cases of child sexual abuses perpetrated by juveniles. The first step of this study uses latent class analysis to explore the relationship between each step of the crime-commission process. As a second step, additional variables were used to test the external validity of our model. Results suggest that there are three different criminal event patterns: familiar sexually non-intrusive, familiar sexually intrusive, and stranger sexually non-intrusive. Moreover, we found that specific victimological characteristics were associated with each of the patterns. Practical implications in terms of situational crime prevention and victim assistance are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46260225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Bennell, A. Brown, Bryce Jenkins, Ariane-Jade Khanizadeh, Audrey MacIsaac, Tori Semple
Concerns surrounding the use of force by police officers appear to be growing, fuelled by perceptions that the police use force too frequently, research showing that force is applied disproportionately to members of certain groups, and the view held by some that the mechanisms for holding police responsible for unjustified force are inadequate. In this paper, we advocate for the creation of a national use-of-force database in Canada to gain a better understanding of these issues, adding our voice to those who have already been actively calling for this. We describe some of the potential benefi ts that would be associated with such a database, including the fact that it would enhance police transparency and accountability, while also increasing our understanding of when and why force is used and what strategies may be useful for reducing inappropriate applications of force. We also highlight some of the challenges we think would be encountered, including mandating nationwide participation, overcoming resistance from the police community, establishing sensible case inclusion criteria, and standardizing data collection. While these are significant challenges, we believe not only that they are possible to overcome but that doing so will provide real value to Canadian society.
{"title":"The Need for a Canadian Database of Police Use-of-Force Incidents","authors":"C. Bennell, A. Brown, Bryce Jenkins, Ariane-Jade Khanizadeh, Audrey MacIsaac, Tori Semple","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns surrounding the use of force by police officers appear to be growing, fuelled by perceptions that the police use force too frequently, research showing that force is applied disproportionately to members of certain groups, and the view held by some that the mechanisms for holding police responsible for unjustified force are inadequate. In this paper, we advocate for the creation of a national use-of-force database in Canada to gain a better understanding of these issues, adding our voice to those who have already been actively calling for this. We describe some of the potential benefi ts that would be associated with such a database, including the fact that it would enhance police transparency and accountability, while also increasing our understanding of when and why force is used and what strategies may be useful for reducing inappropriate applications of force. We also highlight some of the challenges we think would be encountered, including mandating nationwide participation, overcoming resistance from the police community, establishing sensible case inclusion criteria, and standardizing data collection. While these are significant challenges, we believe not only that they are possible to overcome but that doing so will provide real value to Canadian society.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42318561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Little research examines the communication work that public police do following police shootings. Based on an analysis of 85 press releases, press conferences, and media interviews aft er police shootings in Canada spanning 2010–2020, we analyse narrative techniques used in police communications. Contributing to literature on police image management, we examine patterns in these communications, and we also identify silences and absences. We argue police press conferences and press releases after police shootings are less oriented toward misinformation or agenda-setting and more toward risk aversion. Sixty-two percent of communications in our sample used “euphemisms,” which obfuscate elements of use of force, while 31% of communications were “silent” and provided no justification for or information on the shootings. For these reasons, these communications may contribute to a sense of injustice felt by families of the victims of police shootings. Our findings may give pause to police administrators and media liaison offi cers who should consider what message such risk-averse communications send to families of victims, as well as to the public. In conclusion, we reflect on what these findings mean for literature on police image management.
{"title":"Examining Press Conference and Press Release Accounts of Canadian Police Shootings","authors":"Kevin Walby, B. Alabi","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Little research examines the communication work that public police do following police shootings. Based on an analysis of 85 press releases, press conferences, and media interviews aft er police shootings in Canada spanning 2010–2020, we analyse narrative techniques used in police communications. Contributing to literature on police image management, we examine patterns in these communications, and we also identify silences and absences. We argue police press conferences and press releases after police shootings are less oriented toward misinformation or agenda-setting and more toward risk aversion. Sixty-two percent of communications in our sample used “euphemisms,” which obfuscate elements of use of force, while 31% of communications were “silent” and provided no justification for or information on the shootings. For these reasons, these communications may contribute to a sense of injustice felt by families of the victims of police shootings. Our findings may give pause to police administrators and media liaison offi cers who should consider what message such risk-averse communications send to families of victims, as well as to the public. In conclusion, we reflect on what these findings mean for literature on police image management.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41673876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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