The aim of the paper is to describe how therapeutic landscape creates value added for tourists in spa resorts. Survey data were collected from 184 tourists to Swoszowice spa resort in Poland using a self-administered questionnaire. The results indicated that the way the therapeutic landscape creates value added for tourists differs concerning socio-demographic, behavioural and psychographic factors. The conclusions have important implications for scholars, allowing them to understand the importance of the therapeutic landscape and its determinants for tourists. Knowledge of how tourists assess landscape aesthetics, which constitute value added in the structure of the destination-specific therapeutic tourism product (DSTTP), is essential for local government entities and managers of treatment enterprises to develop and manage a therapeutic product that meets the needs of their customers. The present paper fills the gap in the subject literature, which lacks studies assessing the therapeutic landscape as one of the elements in the structure of DSTTP.
{"title":"Therapeutic Landscape as Value Added in the Structure of the Destination-Specific Therapeutic Tourism Product","authors":"Diana Dryglas, Marcin Salamaga","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to describe how therapeutic landscape creates value added for tourists in spa resorts. Survey data were collected from 184 tourists to Swoszowice spa resort in Poland using a self-administered questionnaire. The results indicated that the way the therapeutic landscape creates value added for tourists differs concerning socio-demographic, behavioural and psychographic factors. The conclusions have important implications for scholars, allowing them to understand the importance of the therapeutic landscape and its determinants for tourists. Knowledge of how tourists assess landscape aesthetics, which constitute value added in the structure of the destination-specific therapeutic tourism product (DSTTP), is essential for local government entities and managers of treatment enterprises to develop and manage a therapeutic product that meets the needs of their customers. The present paper fills the gap in the subject literature, which lacks studies assessing the therapeutic landscape as one of the elements in the structure of DSTTP.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"31 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the lack of empirical research in explicating luxury cruises and travellers' motivations, the present study adds knowledge to the industry by examining cruise passengers' profiles and reasons for taking a cruise in Greece. This study offers insights into the motivations of 456 tourists who travelled to Greece for a delightful cruise experience. The population of this research consisted of passengers who disembarked at the Port of Piraeus after an 8-day cruise in the Aegean Sea. The findings pointed out that the motivation dimensions of cruise passengers are structured along three significant factors, "escape and relaxation," "culture and tradition", and "enjoyment and shopping," with the initial one being the most important. In addition, the hierarchical cluster analysis identified three clusters and the k-means cluster analysis determined the association of each member to the cluster. Finally, essential policy recommendations are given to all relevant stakeholders.
{"title":"What Motivates Luxury Cruise Passengers?","authors":"Georgia Papadopoulou, S. Xesfingi","doi":"10.37741/t.71.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Given the lack of empirical research in explicating luxury cruises and travellers' motivations, the present study adds knowledge to the industry by examining cruise passengers' profiles and reasons for taking a cruise in Greece. This study offers insights into the motivations of 456 tourists who travelled to Greece for a delightful cruise experience. The population of this research consisted of passengers who disembarked at the Port of Piraeus after an 8-day cruise in the Aegean Sea. The findings pointed out that the motivation dimensions of cruise passengers are structured along three significant factors, \"escape and relaxation,\" \"culture and tradition\", and \"enjoyment and shopping,\" with the initial one being the most important. In addition, the hierarchical cluster analysis identified three clusters and the k-means cluster analysis determined the association of each member to the cluster. Finally, essential policy recommendations are given to all relevant stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48921081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to study the influence of spiritual tourism motivators on spiritual tourism consumption. A structured questionnaire was distributed to respondents in all regions of India who are either tourists working in the tourism industry or academic experts. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were duly confirmed. Structural equation modelling (SEM) uses Smart PLS software to analyse the data. The findings suggest that a motivated tourist has an approximately ninety-one per cent chance of undertaking spiritual tourism. Thus, spiritual tourism consumption is a function of tourists' spiritual level, marketing of spiritual tourism, tourist role in planning, psychological state of tourist, stakeholder's behaviour, tourist demographics, and destination attractiveness. The stakeholders perceive that destination attractiveness is reflected in local community participation, affordability of destination, infrastructure, accessibility, and types of attractions present. The study proposes an extension of the scale to incorporate the impact of COVID-19 and explore possibilities for spiritual tourism development post-pandemic.
{"title":"Modelling the Effect of Spiritual Tourism Motivators on Spiritual Tourism Consumption","authors":"Shekhar Asthana, Marco Valeri","doi":"10.37741/t.71.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to study the influence of spiritual tourism motivators on spiritual tourism consumption. A structured questionnaire was distributed to respondents in all regions of India who are either tourists working in the tourism industry or academic experts. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were duly confirmed. Structural equation modelling (SEM) uses Smart PLS software to analyse the data. The findings suggest that a motivated tourist has an approximately ninety-one per cent chance of undertaking spiritual tourism. Thus, spiritual tourism consumption is a function of tourists' spiritual level, marketing of spiritual tourism, tourist role in planning, psychological state of tourist, stakeholder's behaviour, tourist demographics, and destination attractiveness. The stakeholders perceive that destination attractiveness is reflected in local community participation, affordability of destination, infrastructure, accessibility, and types of attractions present. The study proposes an extension of the scale to incorporate the impact of COVID-19 and explore possibilities for spiritual tourism development post-pandemic.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42561018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims (1) to underline the level of impact of COVID-19 on the accommodation sector in Lithuanian rural areas, (2) to evaluate transformation possibilities and new opportunities for rural tourism, and (3) to present a new model of the tourism future in the regions. The article discusses the historical aspects of the accommodation business in Lithuania, the territorial distribution of accommodation in rural areas of Lithuania, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the accommodation sector in rural areas. Spatial analysis, together with qualitative and quantitative methods, was used in this research. The primary data for the article were received from the questionnaires filled out by fifty representatives of the Tourism Information Centres from different Lithuanian regions. Also, the analysis is supplemented by the secondary official statistical data. The research results revealed the direct impact of COVID-19 on the accommodation sector in rural regions of Lithuania. The proposed RegTour model contributes to reducing the impact of COVID-19 on the country's economy and promoting the development of new forms of knowledge-based business and the transformation of the sector. Moreover, the research revealed the unexploited opportunities of rural tourism and the possible directions of change.
{"title":"The impact of Covid-19 on the Tourism and Accommodation Sector in Lithuanian Rural Areas","authors":"E. Kriaučiūnas, Darius Liutikas, D. Burneika","doi":"10.37741/t.71.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims (1) to underline the level of impact of COVID-19 on the accommodation sector in Lithuanian rural areas, (2) to evaluate transformation possibilities and new opportunities for rural tourism, and (3) to present a new model of the tourism future in the regions. The article discusses the historical aspects of the accommodation business in Lithuania, the territorial distribution of accommodation in rural areas of Lithuania, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the accommodation sector in rural areas. Spatial analysis, together with qualitative and quantitative methods, was used in this research. The primary data for the article were received from the questionnaires filled out by fifty representatives of the Tourism Information Centres from different Lithuanian regions. Also, the analysis is supplemented by the secondary official statistical data. The research results revealed the direct impact of COVID-19 on the accommodation sector in rural regions of Lithuania. The proposed RegTour model contributes to reducing the impact of COVID-19 on the country's economy and promoting the development of new forms of knowledge-based business and the transformation of the sector. Moreover, the research revealed the unexploited opportunities of rural tourism and the possible directions of change.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article explores tourist attractions that include touch as a significant component of the tourist’s place-related experience. We have chosen to label this phenomenon “tactile tourism”. The tradition of touching attractions is not new but has been a central part of the experience of specific place-related interests for a long time. However, despite its frequent and often significant presence in tourist destinations, few studies in tourism research study the phenomenon. The article is based on a theoretical line of reasoning which starts from a few concrete examples of different places in Europe where we have identified tactile features relevant to tourism. The empirical material for our discussion has been collected partly through e-mail correspondence with tourist organizations in the places selected for the study and partly through articles in social media and other relevant secondary data. This tactile experience contributes a substantial share of the primary enticement of the attraction and simultaneously invests the place with meaning, which in turn attracts tourists.
{"title":"Tactile Tourism","authors":"Mats Nilsson, T. Blom","doi":"10.37741/t.71.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The present article explores tourist attractions that include touch as a significant component of the tourist’s place-related experience. We have chosen to label this phenomenon “tactile tourism”. The tradition of touching attractions is not new but has been a central part of the experience of specific place-related interests for a long time. However, despite its frequent and often significant presence in tourist destinations, few studies in tourism research study the phenomenon. The article is based on a theoretical line of reasoning which starts from a few concrete examples of different places in Europe where we have identified tactile features relevant to tourism. The empirical material for our discussion has been collected partly through e-mail correspondence with tourist organizations in the places selected for the study and partly through articles in social media and other relevant secondary data. This tactile experience contributes a substantial share of the primary enticement of the attraction and simultaneously invests the place with meaning, which in turn attracts tourists.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41833287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores how the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be achieved at local tourism destinations through the collective efforts of stakeholders. A multiple-case study is conducted at Da Nang and Hue in Vietnam. These destinations experience a controversial concern between tourism development and natural/cultural preservation. A thematic analysis of qualitative data reveals the cooperation of various stakeholders to prevent the encroachment of tourism development in the natural environment in Da Nang or balance heritage preservation and tourism development in Hue. These collective efforts facilitate the achievement of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals to attain various SDGs in each case. This research contributes to sustainability research by revealing the contribution and effects of collective actions in achieving the common goals related to the sustainable development of local destinations.
{"title":"Stakeholder Involvement and the Attainment of SDGs at Local Tourism Destinations","authors":"Thi Quynh Trang Nguyen, T. T. Huong Hoang","doi":"10.37741/t.71.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be achieved at local tourism destinations through the collective efforts of stakeholders. A multiple-case study is conducted at Da Nang and Hue in Vietnam. These destinations experience a controversial concern between tourism development and natural/cultural preservation. A thematic analysis of qualitative data reveals the cooperation of various stakeholders to prevent the encroachment of tourism development in the natural environment in Da Nang or balance heritage preservation and tourism development in Hue. These collective efforts facilitate the achievement of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals to attain various SDGs in each case. This research contributes to sustainability research by revealing the contribution and effects of collective actions in achieving the common goals related to the sustainable development of local destinations.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48461361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bosede Ngozi Adeleye, Hammed Oluwaseyi Musbahu, Hauwah K. K. Abdulkareem, Asmara Kanwal
We re-visit the growth-led tourism hypothesis to examine the role of the exchange rate in the nexus. Using yearly data on Sri Lanka from 1995 to 2018, preliminary tests reveal a long-run association between tourism receipts, economic growth, and the official exchange rate. Consistent robustness results from a battery of econometric techniques validate that the connection holds autonomously and interactively. Conclusions drawn from the linear models suggest that a percentage change in economic growth increases tourism by 0.8% to 1.2%. Likewise, the exchange rate boosts tourism by 0.006% to 0.008%, on average, ceteris paribus. For the most part, the interaction of the exchange rate with economic growth upholds the "growth-led tourism" hypothesis. We also find that the results hold across the conditional distribution of tourism. Additional evidence from the margin plot reveals that the effect of economic growth on tourism is positive as the Sri Lankan Rupee depreciates. The upward trend of the plot within the 95% confidence interval shows that currency depreciation enhances the impact of economic growth on tourism. These are novel contributions to the literature as it suggests that currency depreciation in Sri Lanka is pro-tourism. Policy recommendations are discussed.
{"title":"Growth-Led Tourism and the Role of Exchange Rate","authors":"Bosede Ngozi Adeleye, Hammed Oluwaseyi Musbahu, Hauwah K. K. Abdulkareem, Asmara Kanwal","doi":"10.37741/t.71.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"We re-visit the growth-led tourism hypothesis to examine the role of the exchange rate in the nexus. Using yearly data on Sri Lanka from 1995 to 2018, preliminary tests reveal a long-run association between tourism receipts, economic growth, and the official exchange rate. Consistent robustness results from a battery of econometric techniques validate that the connection holds autonomously and interactively. Conclusions drawn from the linear models suggest that a percentage change in economic growth increases tourism by 0.8% to 1.2%. Likewise, the exchange rate boosts tourism by 0.006% to 0.008%, on average, ceteris paribus. For the most part, the interaction of the exchange rate with economic growth upholds the \"growth-led tourism\" hypothesis. We also find that the results hold across the conditional distribution of tourism. Additional evidence from the margin plot reveals that the effect of economic growth on tourism is positive as the Sri Lankan Rupee depreciates. The upward trend of the plot within the 95% confidence interval shows that currency depreciation enhances the impact of economic growth on tourism. These are novel contributions to the literature as it suggests that currency depreciation in Sri Lanka is pro-tourism. Policy recommendations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48920303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Travelling as a backpacker is gaining popularity among Asians and women in particular, emerging as an exciting segment. Despite advances in gender equality in the context of travel, there have been discrimination and restriction among women due to perceived constraints. The current study advances the use of the full constraint-negotiation model to understand Asian women’s participation in backpacking trips by examining the relationship between motivation, perceived constraints, and the negotiation strategies used by them to enhance their participation. Survey responses from 246 women travellers were collected, and the structural model was tested using PLS-SEM. Findings reveal that constraints negatively influence intention, and out of all the constraints, structural constraints have a more substantial influence on choice than intrapersonal and interpersonal. Negotiation and motivation positively impact women’s intention to participate in backpacking trips.
{"title":"Negotiating Backpacking Constraints","authors":"Anil Gupta, Aseesdeep Kour","doi":"10.37741/t.71.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Travelling as a backpacker is gaining popularity among Asians and women in particular, emerging as an exciting segment. Despite advances in gender equality in the context of travel, there have been discrimination and restriction among women due to perceived constraints. The current study advances the use of the full constraint-negotiation model to understand Asian women’s participation in backpacking trips by examining the relationship between motivation, perceived constraints, and the negotiation strategies used by them to enhance their participation. Survey responses from 246 women travellers were collected, and the structural model was tested using PLS-SEM. Findings reveal that constraints negatively influence intention, and out of all the constraints, structural constraints have a more substantial influence on choice than intrapersonal and interpersonal. Negotiation and motivation positively impact women’s intention to participate in backpacking trips.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46077258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hospitality industry is one component of tourism that has adopted sustainable tourism principles. However, limited knowledge exists about what motivates hospitality establishments to adopt sustainable practices and the barriers they face, especially in the Global South. The purpose of this study is to analyze the drivers and challenges of the implementation of sustainability in the hospitality sector. The research investigated 125 hospitality establishments from different tourist locations in Zimbabwe using proportional stratified random sampling. In addition, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents from each hospitality establishment. The findings revealed that the main drivers of sustainability practices include regulatory compliance, improving the organization’s reputation, new market opportunities and professional ethics. On the other hand, the hospitality sector's significant challenges in adopting sustainability principles include employees, managers, and customers' lack of knowledge and negative attitude. This study adds to the growing body of literature on sustainability in the hospitality sector in the resource-constrained environments of the Global South.
{"title":"Sustainability Drivers and Challenges in the Hospitality Sector in Zimbabwe","authors":"N. C. Shereni, Saarinen Jarkko, C. Rogerson","doi":"10.37741/t.71.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The hospitality industry is one component of tourism that has adopted sustainable tourism principles. However, limited knowledge exists about what motivates hospitality establishments to adopt sustainable practices and the barriers they face, especially in the Global South. The purpose of this study is to analyze the drivers and challenges of the implementation of sustainability in the hospitality sector. The research investigated 125 hospitality establishments from different tourist locations in Zimbabwe using proportional stratified random sampling. In addition, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents from each hospitality establishment. The findings revealed that the main drivers of sustainability practices include regulatory compliance, improving the organization’s reputation, new market opportunities and professional ethics. On the other hand, the hospitality sector's significant challenges in adopting sustainability principles include employees, managers, and customers' lack of knowledge and negative attitude. This study adds to the growing body of literature on sustainability in the hospitality sector in the resource-constrained environments of the Global South.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47481054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the relationship between the tourism trade balance and globalization. We developed a novel and encompassing approach to measuring the tourism trade balance, including several inflows and outflows. The responsiveness of the tourism trade balance is examined not only for globalization processes depicted by indicators like de facto economic, social, and political globalization but also for globalization policies, i.e., de jure globalization. A comparative analysis across countries - belonging to different income groups, different quartiles of the tourism trade, globalization, and economic growth - revealed considerable heterogeneities among the other grouping of countries for the tourism-globalization relationship. The study suggested that it is of utmost importance to recognize that countries with a high level of globalization and well-developed tourism industry are in a better position to materialize the benefits of globalization.
{"title":"Tourism Trade Balance and Globalization","authors":"Saira Tufail, Sadia Sherbaz, Tanzila Rafi","doi":"10.37741/t.71.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the relationship between the tourism trade balance and globalization. We developed a novel and encompassing approach to measuring the tourism trade balance, including several inflows and outflows. The responsiveness of the tourism trade balance is examined not only for globalization processes depicted by indicators like de facto economic, social, and political globalization but also for globalization policies, i.e., de jure globalization. A comparative analysis across countries - belonging to different income groups, different quartiles of the tourism trade, globalization, and economic growth - revealed considerable heterogeneities among the other grouping of countries for the tourism-globalization relationship. The study suggested that it is of utmost importance to recognize that countries with a high level of globalization and well-developed tourism industry are in a better position to materialize the benefits of globalization.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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