Innovation is consensually recognized as a sine qua non factor for tourism firms' competitiveness. There is, however, less consensus on the way to assess it since its determinants, implicitly present in the concepts of innovation, which are based on typologies, have not yet been clearly defined. This is a central question that few researchers have tried to address. Thus, in this article, a systematic literature review was developed with the objective of presenting the state-of-the-art on the evaluation of firm-level innovation in tourism, highlighting its indicators. From the full analysis of 35 articles, it is noteworthy that the topic was analyzed in European, American, African, Asian, and Oceania contexts. As central elements, human resources management, quality, resources, projects, and knowledge (supported or not by technologies) are fundamental to evaluating innovation (predominantly incremental) in an industry where companies are easily subject to imitation by their competitors. The nature of innovation in its individual, structural, interactive, and/or systemic perspectives has been described based on the apprehension of managers' conceptions and conduct. As a challenge to be overcome by future investigations, the need to establish parameters for the quantification of the various indicators captured and, consequently, classification scales based on scores are pointed out.
{"title":"Exploring\u0000Indicators and Determinants to Evaluate Innovation in Tourism Firms","authors":"Jussara Aires, C. Costa, Filipa Brandão","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation is consensually recognized as a sine qua non factor for tourism firms' competitiveness. There is, however, less consensus on the way to assess it since its determinants, implicitly present in the concepts of innovation, which are based on typologies, have not yet been clearly defined. This is a central question that few researchers have tried to address. Thus, in this article, a systematic literature review was developed with the objective of presenting the state-of-the-art on the evaluation of firm-level innovation in tourism, highlighting its indicators. From the full analysis of 35 articles, it is noteworthy that the topic was analyzed in European, American, African, Asian, and Oceania contexts. As central elements, human resources management, quality, resources, projects, and knowledge (supported or not by technologies) are fundamental to evaluating innovation (predominantly incremental) in an industry where companies are easily subject to imitation by their competitors. The nature of innovation in its individual, structural, interactive, and/or systemic perspectives has been described based on the apprehension of managers' conceptions and conduct. As a challenge to be overcome by future investigations, the need to establish parameters for the quantification of the various indicators captured and, consequently, classification scales based on scores are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42714531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the relationship between tourism and project management (PM) seems logical in business practice, it seems that academic literature does not follow this reasoning. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there is an interrelationship between tourism and PM in the academic literature, and if so, what is the nature of this connection. To reach this objective, the author examined ten top-ranked PM and tourism journals represented in Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). PM journals do not recognize tourism as an attractive field of research because only nine papers (out of 2,995 published) refer to tourism or tourists. Additionally, from 11,332 papers published in tourism journals, 269 papers allude to projects mostly focusing on three major themes: (1) tourism development projects, (2) local communities, and (3) tourist experiences. However, the term “project” refers mostly to studied cases, while Knowledge Areas (PMKAs), which are the core of PM, are mentioned only sporadically. The findings suggest that the connection between tourism and PM in academia is not as strong as the business practice would suggest. Academics should pay more attention to the fact that PM knowledge needs to be applied and integrated into the tourism industry and its projects.
{"title":"Do Tourism and Project Management Need Each\u0000Other?","authors":"Marko Perić","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"While the relationship between tourism and project management (PM) seems logical in business practice, it seems that academic literature does not follow this reasoning. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there is an interrelationship between tourism and PM in the academic literature, and if so, what is the nature of this connection. To reach this objective, the author examined ten top-ranked PM and tourism journals represented in Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). PM journals do not recognize tourism as an attractive field of research because only nine papers (out of 2,995 published) refer to tourism or tourists. Additionally, from 11,332 papers published in tourism journals, 269 papers allude to projects mostly focusing on three major themes: (1) tourism development projects, (2) local communities, and (3) tourist experiences. However, the term “project” refers mostly to studied cases, while Knowledge Areas (PMKAs), which are the core of PM, are mentioned only sporadically. The findings suggest that the connection between tourism and PM in academia is not as strong as the business practice would suggest. Academics should pay more attention to the fact that PM knowledge needs to be applied and integrated into the tourism industry and its projects.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to present a critical review of brand experience (BE) research in hospitality and tourism brand management literature based on a systematic literature and content analysis of 40 articles published in 25 peer-reviewed journals. The concept of BE is discussed by identifying leading journals, research methodologies, research contexts, country of research distribution, dimensionality approaches, and theoretical perspectives. Quantitative research was applied in most reviewed papers, and structural equation modeling (SEM), together with factor analysis (FA) emerged as preferred data analysis techniques. A steady increase in research papers exploring the construct of BE in an online context has been observed. The study suggests that BE is a critical and substantial ingredient of successful hotel, place, destination, restaurant, coffeehouse, cruise, and casino brand management. Additionally, key insights from previous empirical research were discussed from the perspective of antecedents and consequences of BE to provide a comprehensive conceptual framework. Drawing on the findings, potential themes for future research within six important areas of BE in hospitality and tourism were identified.
{"title":"Brand Experience Research in Hospitality and Tourism","authors":"Tea Silvia Vlahovic-Mlakar, Durdana Ozretic-Dosen","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to present a critical review of brand experience (BE) research in hospitality and tourism brand management literature based on a systematic literature and content analysis of 40 articles published in 25 peer-reviewed journals. The concept of BE is discussed by identifying leading journals, research methodologies, research contexts, country of research distribution, dimensionality approaches, and theoretical perspectives. Quantitative research was applied in most reviewed papers, and structural equation modeling (SEM), together with factor analysis (FA) emerged as preferred data analysis techniques. A steady increase in research papers exploring the construct of BE in an online context has been observed. The study suggests that BE is a critical and substantial ingredient of successful hotel, place, destination, restaurant, coffeehouse, cruise, and casino brand management. Additionally, key insights from previous empirical research were discussed from the perspective of antecedents and consequences of BE to provide a comprehensive conceptual framework. Drawing on the findings, potential themes for future research within six important areas of BE in hospitality and tourism were identified.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48488158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to identify the evolving themes in dark tourism research. The increase in death-related incidents in the last few years has increased the consumption of dark tourism, igniting a resurgence of dark tourism literature. This study retrieves 363 articles published in Scopus-indexed journals from 1996 to 2021, using the SPAR-4 SLR technique to identify the themes using Sci2 and Gephi software. Keyword co-occurrence network, Bibliographic coupling network, and Collaboration networks were used to identify the knowledge clusters in dark tourism literature. The study reveals that existing studies have largely focused on the scope of dark tourism, destination identification and management, marketing aspects, motives, experiences, and engagement, and mitigating moral and ethical dilemmas. As the themes have remained consistent since the past studies, the study concludes that the research on DT has become stagnated, and there is a need for a novel approach. For that, it recommends that the scope of dark tourism should be enhanced beyond heritage tourism and promoted as a tool for global peace. Further, several gaps in marketing and visit and emotional engagement aspects are identified that could become the research agendas in future studies.
{"title":"Evolving Themes in Dark Tourism Research","authors":"Shekhar Shekhar, Marco Valeri","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to identify the evolving themes in dark tourism research. The increase in death-related incidents in the last few years has increased the consumption of dark tourism, igniting a resurgence of dark tourism literature. This study retrieves 363 articles published in Scopus-indexed journals from 1996 to 2021, using the SPAR-4 SLR technique to identify the themes using Sci2 and Gephi software. Keyword co-occurrence network, Bibliographic coupling network, and Collaboration networks were used to identify the knowledge clusters in dark tourism literature. The study reveals that existing studies have largely focused on the scope of dark tourism, destination identification and management, marketing aspects, motives, experiences, and engagement, and mitigating moral and ethical dilemmas. As the themes have remained consistent since the past studies, the study concludes that the research on DT has become stagnated, and there is a need for a novel approach. For that, it recommends that the scope of dark tourism should be enhanced beyond heritage tourism and promoted as a tool for global peace. Further, several gaps in marketing and visit and emotional engagement aspects are identified that could become the research agendas in future studies.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48818331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between tourism arrivals and the global incidence of biodiversity loss, measured by the probability of the extinction of species of plants, mammals, birds, and fish while controlling for other relevant covariates: protected areas, agrarian production's share in GDP, crop production, energy intensity, and population levels. This study is designed around cross-sectional data from 2018 in 178 countries across the world. The biodiversity loss–tourism arrivals nexus is assessed in this study by the count model estimation. We adopted negative binomial and hurdle negative binomial regressions. The findings showed the existence of a positive relationship between tourism arrivals and some species extinction variables. Tourism demand is responsible for an excessive degree of biodiversity loss in the case of mammals and birds. The findings of this study suggest that an overdispersion test due to count data constraints should be taken into account when examining the link between biodiversity loss and tourism in a cross-sectional analysis.
{"title":"A Cross-Countries Analysis of Biodiversity Loss and Tourism Demand","authors":"Z. Šergo, J. Gržinić, Tatiana Zanini Gavranić","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between tourism arrivals and the global incidence of biodiversity loss, measured by the probability of the extinction of species of plants, mammals, birds, and fish while controlling for other relevant covariates: protected areas, agrarian production's share in GDP, crop production, energy intensity, and population levels. This study is designed around cross-sectional data from 2018 in 178 countries across the world. The biodiversity loss–tourism arrivals nexus is assessed in this study by the count model estimation. We adopted negative binomial and hurdle negative binomial regressions. The findings showed the existence of a positive relationship between tourism arrivals and some species extinction variables. Tourism demand is responsible for an excessive degree of biodiversity loss in the case of mammals and birds. The findings of this study suggest that an overdispersion test due to count data constraints should be taken into account when examining the link between biodiversity loss and tourism in a cross-sectional analysis.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43557311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines destination attributes through tourist reviews in the Maasai Mara ecosystem using the Kano model. Overall, positive reviews were dominant, and most tourists were satisfied with the Mara wildlife tourism experiences. However, some attributes led to dissatisfaction. The highest contribution to tourist satisfaction was due to excitement attributes such as witnessing the great migration of the wildebeest. Attributes such as safety and service-related aspects also negatively affected tourist satisfaction. The findings are useful in promoting sustainable wildlife tourism by government, private industry, and community-based tourism organizations.
{"title":"Wildlife Tourism Experiences at the Maasai Mara, Kenya","authors":"Irene Njeri Kaberere, Birendra Kc, G. Hoogendoorn","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines destination attributes through tourist reviews in the Maasai Mara ecosystem using the Kano model. Overall, positive reviews were dominant, and most tourists were satisfied with the Mara wildlife tourism experiences. However, some attributes led to dissatisfaction. The highest contribution to tourist satisfaction was due to excitement attributes such as witnessing the great migration of the wildebeest. Attributes such as safety and service-related aspects also negatively affected tourist satisfaction. The findings are useful in promoting sustainable wildlife tourism by government, private industry, and community-based tourism organizations.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46245273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisca J. Sánchez-Sánchez, Ana M. Sánchez-Sánchez, N. Pulido, D. V. Borrero
In this paper, labor efficiency in the rural hotel industry is analyzed while considering the characteristics regarding labor and infrastructure of the various Spanish provinces. The methodological procedure consisted of the analysis of 52 Spanish provinces. As analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Multivariate Analysis have been used. Although rural tourism is consolidated in the Spanish holiday culture, the effect of labor efficiency on Spanish provinces is uneven. Performance depends on the geographical area; thus, labor efficiency is only achieved in Asturias and Balearic Islands, where rural tourism has a strong and positive impact on employment. The variable length of stay of the holiday period carries important weight for labor efficiency to be reached in said provinces. It can be observed that hotels located in places with charm and with special environmental protection contribute directly to the labor efficiency of the area due to the direct relationship between the area of protected land and the labor efficiency of the province. Several provincial groups are established with a variety of different characteristics, which confirms that the level of labor efficiency in the sector has yet to be maximized.
{"title":"A\u0000DEA Approach for Evaluating the Labor Efficiency in the Rural Hotel Industry","authors":"Francisca J. Sánchez-Sánchez, Ana M. Sánchez-Sánchez, N. Pulido, D. V. Borrero","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, labor efficiency in the rural hotel industry is analyzed while considering the characteristics regarding labor and infrastructure of the various Spanish provinces. The methodological procedure consisted of the analysis of 52 Spanish provinces. As analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Multivariate Analysis have been used. Although rural tourism is consolidated in the Spanish holiday culture, the effect of labor efficiency on Spanish provinces is uneven. Performance depends on the geographical area; thus, labor efficiency is only achieved in Asturias and Balearic Islands, where rural tourism has a strong and positive impact on employment. The variable length of stay of the holiday period carries important weight for labor efficiency to be reached in said provinces. It can be observed that hotels located in places with charm and with special environmental protection contribute directly to the labor efficiency of the area due to the direct relationship between the area of protected land and the labor efficiency of the province. Several provincial groups are established with a variety of different characteristics, which confirms that the level of labor efficiency in the sector has yet to be maximized.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44309819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peer-to-Peer accommodation (P2PA) has drastically transformed the traditional form of tourism and has become a worldwide phenomenon. There are few studies that have investigated the determinants of participation in peer-based accommodation from the residents' perspective. This study fills this gap by identifying the factors that influence residents' intention to become P2PA hosts based on Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) theory. Adopting a quantitative approach, a pan-India survey was conducted to collect 230 valid responses. For analysis, both convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs using PLS-SEM was examined, along with the reliability of all the measurement scales. Empirical evidence validates that extrinsic motivation (economic benefits) does not have a direct impact whereas intrinsic motivation (social relationships); opportunity, ability, and trust have a significant impact on residents' intentions to host. Finally, the paper recommends strategies for the policymakers and platform service providers to encourage residents to take up hosting to foster sustainable consumption and build relationships with tourists.
{"title":"It's Not Just About Money in Peer-To-Peer Accommodation","authors":"Anil K. Gupta, Honeyka Mahajan, R. Dogra","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Peer-to-Peer accommodation (P2PA) has drastically transformed the traditional form of tourism and has become a worldwide phenomenon. There are few studies that have investigated the determinants of participation in peer-based accommodation from the residents' perspective. This study fills this gap by identifying the factors that influence residents' intention to become P2PA hosts based on Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) theory. Adopting a quantitative approach, a pan-India survey was conducted to collect 230 valid responses. For analysis, both convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs using PLS-SEM was examined, along with the reliability of all the measurement scales. Empirical evidence validates that extrinsic motivation (economic benefits) does not have a direct impact whereas intrinsic motivation (social relationships); opportunity, ability, and trust have a significant impact on residents' intentions to host. Finally, the paper recommends strategies for the policymakers and platform service providers to encourage residents to take up hosting to foster sustainable consumption and build relationships with tourists.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44325113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Varga, Marie-Astrid Rouger, Lohyd Terrier, L. Zizka, Petar Živković
Religion influences people and their perceptions. This paper examines Muslim hosts' perception of Western mass tourism using the tourist island of Gili Trawangan in Indonesia. The study's primary purpose is to show how the beliefs and practices of the Islamic religion of the local community influence the perception of the impacts of tourism. A quantitative method was employed among locals. The results show a certain tolerance and acceptance of Western tourism by the local Muslim community, characterized as having a strong religious belief and a practice level that varies from one individual to another.
{"title":"Welcome to My Home","authors":"P. Varga, Marie-Astrid Rouger, Lohyd Terrier, L. Zizka, Petar Živković","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Religion influences people and their perceptions. This paper examines Muslim hosts' perception of Western mass tourism using the tourist island of Gili Trawangan in Indonesia. The study's primary purpose is to show how the beliefs and practices of the Islamic religion of the local community influence the perception of the impacts of tourism. A quantitative method was employed among locals. The results show a certain tolerance and acceptance of Western tourism by the local Muslim community, characterized as having a strong religious belief and a practice level that varies from one individual to another.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42063358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study performed an exhaustive analysis of the context that has given rise to the related phenomena of tourism-phobia and touristification in the city of Barcelona. The Quintuple Helix innovation model developed by Carayannis, Barth, and Campbell is used as a model of open innovation to present a new perspective through which to counter the challenges of today's society. The Quintuple Helix supports the formation of a win-win situation between ecology, knowledge, and innovation, thereby creating synergies between economy, society, and democracy. The research also draws on the strategic city plan of Barcelona, articles in the specialized press, and reports presenting the opinions of a diverse range of professionals. The statistical data from official bodies and the answers to a questionnaire are validated through the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) model. The research analysis is a process of innovation that has not yet begun, thereby highlighting exciting questions about the potential role of the different actors involved. Our results support the idea that tourism-phobia in Barcelona remains uncontrolled and that a lack of understanding exists between the different actors. This leads to a fragile innovation process that is incapable of solving the social challenges posed by the tourism monoculture. The study offers a precise diagnosis of the actors' lack of control and cohesion and suggests that policymakers rethink how to manage the city together with tourism rather than focusing solely on tourist activities. Finally, we find that the current context of the Covid-19 pandemic perpetuates a model of unsustainable tourism-philia that will eventually feed back into tourism-phobia.
{"title":"Analysis of the Social Challenge of the City of Barcelona Under the Model\u0000of the Quintuple Helix in a Covid-19 Context","authors":"Víctor Calderón-Fajardo","doi":"10.37741/t.70.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.70.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study performed an exhaustive analysis of the context that has given rise to the related phenomena of tourism-phobia and touristification in the city of Barcelona. The Quintuple Helix innovation model developed by Carayannis, Barth, and Campbell is used as a model of open innovation to present a new perspective through which to counter the challenges of today's society. The Quintuple Helix supports the formation of a win-win situation between ecology, knowledge, and innovation, thereby creating synergies between economy, society, and democracy. The research also draws on the strategic city plan of Barcelona, articles in the specialized press, and reports presenting the opinions of a diverse range of professionals. The statistical data from official bodies and the answers to a questionnaire are validated through the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) model. The research analysis is a process of innovation that has not yet begun, thereby highlighting exciting questions about the potential role of the different actors involved. Our results support the idea that tourism-phobia in Barcelona remains uncontrolled and that a lack of understanding exists between the different actors. This leads to a fragile innovation process that is incapable of solving the social challenges posed by the tourism monoculture. The study offers a precise diagnosis of the actors' lack of control and cohesion and suggests that policymakers rethink how to manage the city together with tourism rather than focusing solely on tourist activities. Finally, we find that the current context of the Covid-19 pandemic perpetuates a model of unsustainable tourism-philia that will eventually feed back into tourism-phobia.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41389240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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